This purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of correctional privatization in the U.S., U.K., Brazil, and Australia and suggest the way to implement correctional privatization in Korea. For this purpose, it explores the background, system and type, and current issues of correctional privatization and examines their strengths and weaknesses. By doing so, it provides Korea with a guideline for establishing effective and efficient correctional privatization strategies in Korea.

본 연구는 2000에서 2004년까지 5년 동안 방송 3사와 신문 3사에서 비브리오에 관한 보도기사를 내용분석 하여 언론의 비브리오 관련 보도에 대한 실태를 파악하고, 이를 통해서 사회적 관심을 높이고자 하였다. 기존 비브리오에 관련된 연구는 생물학적 관점에서 균의 특성이나 방지 시스템 또는 예방에 관한 것이 대부분이므로 비브리오에 관한 언론의 보도를 좀 더 객관적ㆍ체계적으로 조명하고 이러한 보도에 따른 부정적 영향을 줄이기 위한 방안에 초점을 맞추는 것이 연구의 목적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 주요 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 비브리오 관련보도기사는 방송이 신문보다 많았고, 여름철 5월에서 9월 사이에 집중적으로 보도되었다. 기사유형은 뉴스가 압도적으로 많았고, 지면은 사회면이 가장 많았다. 대부분의 기사는 40줄 이하로 짧았고, 전체기사 중에 23.6%는 유사보도였다. 유사보도를 긍정적인 면에서 해석을 한다면 비브리오에 국한된 보도 보다는 다양한 장르에서 폭넓은 정보를 전해 준다고 볼 수 있다. 기사제목에 비브리오라는 단어가 대부분 포함 되어 있고 주의보 발령, 감염자 입원치료, 감염자 사망 등을 집중적으로 부각하고 있다. 반면에 퇴치노력이나 예방조치 사항은 상대적으로 적게 다루고 있다. 따라서 비브리오는 혐오스러운 전염병으로 인식이 되어 외식업에는 상당히 부정적으로 작용하고 있다. 내용의 강도에서는 저강도와 고강도가 비슷했고, 방향은 대체적으로 부정적이었다. 정보원은 지자체 보건당국, 국립보건원과 감염자의 진료병원 등의 비중이 컸다. 보도의 중심은 상대적으로 생산과 유통 및 외식관련업계의 입장을 고려하는 보도기사가 미흡했다. 기사의 표현방식은 사실적이고, 자극적인 기사가 많았고, 전문적이고, 분석적이며, 심층적인 기사가 상대적으로 매우 적었다. 기사의 성격은 사실기사가 압도적으로 많은 반면에 기획이나 분석기사는 적었다. 감염자의 연령은 40대에서 60세 사이의 중장년층이 가장 많았고, 감염자의 성별은 남녀가 비슷했다. 그러나 성별을 구별할 수 없는 기사의 비중이 많았다. 매체별 기사의 특성분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 매체별 기사강도는 전반적으로 방송보도가 신문기사 보다 고강도로 나타났으며, 기사의 방향에 있어서도 방송이 신문보다 부정적인 면이 높게 분석되었다. 매체별 기사의 중심은 생산자의 입장에서는 방송보다 신문이 높게 나타났으며, 소비자의 입장에서는 방송이 신문보다 훨씬 높았다. 방송과 신문 모두 지자체 보건당국과 국립보건원, 감염자를 진료한 병원에서 정보를 얻는 것으로 분석되었다. 기사의 표현방식은 방송이 신문보다 더 자극적이고 혐오적인 표현이 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 기사의 성격에서는 신문과 방송 모두 사실기사가 91.5%로서 대부분을 차지했다. 유사보도에 있어서는 방송이 23.0%이고, 신문은 77.0%로서 신문이 훨씬 많았다. 유사보도를 긍정적인 측면에서 보았을 때 보다 폭넓은 정보를 제공해준다는 면이 있고, 방송보다는 신문이 더 많이 다루고 있음을 알 수 있다.

Amelobl astic carcinoma(AC) is a maJignant coun terpart of ameloblastoma. histologically characteri zed by amelobJastomatolls feature with obviollS cytologic a typi a . AC is a r are malignant tumor with poten t iaJ of metastasis‘ asssllmed to occur far less tha n 1% of ameloblastoma . Nearly 80% of ACs have been reported to occur in the mandibJ e. The allthors reviewed 5 cases of AC in Department of Oral PathoJogy. SeouJ National University from 2005 to 2007 clini copathologically according to age, sex. location and clinical findings. They occllrred at the age from 46 to 75 years wi th average age of 60 Four cases occurred in male and 1 in female‘ showing prediJ ection for ma le‘ While four cases occu rred in the maxilla , including 3 cases in the maxillary molar area and 1 in the maxiJJ a ry premola l‘ a rea, only 1 case occurred in the mandibJe. AC showing predorninance in the maxilla over t he ma ndible in our cases in contrast to other case reviews. Three patients presented painful large oral lllcer at the time of admi ssion, a nd other 2 patients presented swol1en mass around the gingivae and alveoJar bone While the clini cal impression of 3 patients were ma lignant tllmor, other 2 patients were amelboJastoma and nicotine stomatitis. The dllration of symptoms before final diagnosis has ranged from 4 months to 2 years Radiogr a phicalJy they showed poorly demarcated radiolucent lesion with irreg비 ar bony destruction. Resected tumors were measured as 6.0X4.5x4.0cm‘ 0‘ 7xO.5xO.3cm, 5.0 x 4.5 X5.0cm. 0.8xO.6 XO.5cm, and 5cm diametel mass respecti vely. Microscopically lymph node metastasis was confirmed in 1 case, but not in others . The tumors showed basic histologic featu re of ameloblastoma with apparent cytologic atypia sllch as pleomol‘ phism‘ hyper chromatism and atypical ffiJ tOSIS Individua l neoplastic cells displayed wide va riations from case to case‘ showing c lear cells with faint PAS positive granules‘ isolated round cells with abundant cytoplasm. s quamoid ceJls and polygonaJ cell s . [mmunohis toc hemical survey was done in 2 cases. all of which showed positivity to pan-cytoker atin a ntibody and p53 a ntibody‘ but negativity to HMB-45, S-100, and SMA One case recurred twice during 2 yeal's after surgery. But 3 cases showed no evidence of recurrence and metastas is. lt seems to us t hat AC have the potential of metastasis and reCllrrence.

Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma(EMC) is an uncommon malignant sali va ry gland neoplasm, compri sing about 1% 。f salivar y gland neoplasms, They are histologically composed 01' biphasic cell s such as myoepithelial cells and ductal cells EMC occurs predominantly in the major salivary glands, par t icularly in the par otid gland, They have been reported to occur onJy 10-15% in t he intraoral minor salivary glands, The authors experi enced 4 cases of EMC in Department of Oral Pathology in Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 1995 to 2007‘ and reported them with revi ew of li terature, They occurred at the age [rom 34 to 75 years with average age of 54, Three cases occurred in f'emale and 1 in male, showing predominant occurrence in female, Al I of them occurred in the f100r of mouth Three patients presented localized swollen mass at the time of admission, One patient manifested pain with surface n ecrotic ulcer, and others did not complain any symptoms, The duration of symptoms before diagnosis has ranged f rom three mont hs to 2 years in our cases Microscopically, they growed in double layered ductal structure composed 。f' ductal cells of the inner luminal layer which showed positive immunohistochemical reaction to cytokeratin and rnyoepithelial cells 01' the outer peripheral layer identifi ed by the positive reactivity to S-100 and srnooth muscle ac tin antibody, They did not show perinem al invasion‘ but invasíve growth into adjacent tissue, AII of them did not show in vasion into t he underlying bOl1e While 3 pat ients were treated with total excision of tω110 1' mass wi thout n。 evidence of recurrence a ncl metastasis, a 75 year old patient gave up receiving t reatment at the t irne of diagnos is, and then died 01' the cancer 5 years after init ial diagnosis, It seems that EMC of the intraoral minor salivary gland is a tumor 01' low grade malignancy with low potent ial of recurrence and metastasis

Combined epithelial odontogenic tumors are very rare and represent hybrid lesion comprising adenomatoid odontogenic tumor intermixed with calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. The authors present 3 cases of combined epithelial odontogenic tumor which contained diagnostic areas for both adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. Their behaviour and histogenesis were discussed.

A life cycle assessment(LCA) is increasing its applicability as a powerful tool for an environmental burdens analysis. In this study, some cases are compared in terms of analysis procedures and results obtained with LCAs for evaluating power generation technologies in Korea. For the comparison, 3 power generation technologies are selected because they produces almost 90% of 2003 total electricity generation in Korea. It is shown that the range of evaluation values amounts to maximally the order of about 105, which is rather large discrepancy than the level of 101 in comparison with foreign studies. The difference seems to be due to the simplicity of modeling used in each case study. It is proposed that this large discrepancy should be obviously clarified to improve their reliability in that electricity is a essentialness for all industries and the capacity of LCA of national-level electricity affects the results of LCA for the other sectors.

During a 3-year period (2001-2004) 18 animals were surgically treated because of abdominal wall defects (hernia). Out of 18 animals 8 were bovines, 5 caprines and 5 canines. In each case the defect was bridged with carbon fibres. Carbon fibres were placed either in simple interrupted pattern or as mattress overlapping pattern. All the cases were successfully treated and no complication was observed up to six months postoperatively.

자연사 박물관을 비형식교육기관으로 정의하게 될 경우, 가장 먼저 고려하는 것은 형식교육기관과 어떤 형식으로 보조를 맞추고 도움을 주고받을 수 있는가 이다. 이는 전시의 내용과 전시의 형태에서 과학교육과정을 어느 정도로 또한 어떻게 반영하고 있는가를 통해 알아볼 수 있을 것으로 가정하였다. 본 연구에서는 미국 자연사 박물관인 스미소니안 자연사 박물관과 뉴욕의 아메리칸 자연사 박물관의 전시물 중에서 지구과학관련 전시물 461점을 선별하였다. 선발된 전시물의 다양한 측면을 개발된 도구를 이용해 조사하였다. 개발된 교육과정분석틀은 미국 국가과학교육기준(National Science Curriculum Standard; NRC, 1996)과 TIMSS(Third International Mathematics and Science Study; Robitaille et al., 1993)의 과학교육과정 프레임을 근거로 구성하였다. 고려되었던 전시의 특징은 우선 전시의 활동 유형, 전시 기술, 전시 매체, 전시 표현 등이고 아울러 과학의 본성이 어떻게 전시물에 나타나는가를 살펴보았다. 비형식 교육기관으로서의 자연사 박물관의 역할에 대한 잠재력을 본 연구를 통해 재검토하였다.

This article desc 1'ibes a pooled analysis 01' Korean indiγ idu a l s with 41 cases 01' metastatic o1'al tumors. The data on this review are based on t he 1'etr ieved published case reports from t he Korean dental and medical li te1'ature between t he years 1983 and 2004, The mean age was 55,2 years and the male to female ratio was 1,9 :1, There were more jaw bone me t astas is than in oral soft tIssues Comparing with the western literatures which report the breast as the most common p rimary s ite, the most common primary s ite was the liver fo llowed by the lung‘ and thyroid, The lung was the most common primary s ite [or t he jawbone metastasis ‘ whereas the liver was for the oral soft tlssues This discrepancy may caused by underestimation or exc lus ion ofthe jawbone in su rveying fo1' the breast tumor metastaslS Anothcr reason is t hat a relat ive ly hi gh incidence rate 이’ hepatocellul ar carcinoma occurs in Ko1'ean, especially in male

이 논문은 여러 개의 집중하중을 받는 깊은 보의 최적위상을 조사 분석하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. 본 연구에서는 최소화해야하는 변형에너지를 목적함수로 가정하고 구조물의 초기부피를 제약함수로 사용하였다. 물질내부에 존재하는 구멍의 크기를 조절하기 위하여 최적정기준법을 바탕으로 한 크기조절알고리듬을 도입하였다. 수치해석을 통하여 길은 보의 최적위상과 관련한 위상최적화 파라미터의 민감도를 조사하였고, 필터링과정이 최적위상에 끼치는 영향을 심도 있게 조사하였다. 수치해석결과로부터 깊은 보의 최적위상은 최적화 파라미터와 깊은 연관되어 있고 필터링과정이 최적위상을 찾는데 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

특허법은 제128조를 두어 손해배상액의 산정에 있어서 특허권자의 입증에 편의를 주고 있다. 제1항은 침해자의 판매량에 특허권자의 이익률을 곱하여 특허권자의 손해액으로 삼을 수 있음을 규정하고 있는바, 이 규정은 삼을 수 있다고 되어 있지만 추정규정이며, 추정의 범위는 손해액의 산정 및 인과관계이고, 손해의 발생 그 자체는 아니다. 이 규정을 적용받기 위하여 특허권자가 반드시 특허를 실시하고 있어야만 하는지 여부에 관하여 학설의 대립이 있다. 이 규정을 적용하더라도 특허권자의 생산능력 범위 내에서만 손해배상의 청구가 가능하며, 이익의 의미에 대해서는 순이익설과 총이익설 및 한계이익설의 대립이 있다. 제2항은 침해자의 이익액을 특허권자의 손해의 액으로 추정할 수 있음을 규정하고 있다. 이익의 의미나 추정의 범위는 위와 동일하다. 제3항은 실시료 상당액을 손해의 액으로 할 수 있음을 규정하고 있으며, 실시료 상당액을 정할 때에는 과거의 실시료 등 다양한 요인을 참작하여야 한다. 제4항은 손해의 액이 제3항이 규정하는 금액을 초과하는 경우에는 그 초과액에 대해서도 손해배상을 청구할 수 있음과 침해자에게 경과실만 있는 때에는 법원이 이를 참작할 수 있음을, 제5항은 손해액의 입증이 극히 곤란한 경우 법원이 상당한 손해액을 인정할 수 있음을 각각 규정하고 있다. 위 규정들을 완전독점적 통상실시권자에게도 유추 적용할 것인지 관하여 견해가 나뉘며, 유추적용 부정설이 타당하다. 이 규정을 신설하는 법률 개정 이전에 출원된 특허에 대해서도 위 규정을 적용할 수 있다고 해석할 여지가 있다. 특허가 침해품의 일부에만 관련된 경우에는 전체이익보다는 기여도를 고려하여야 할 것이며, 다수의 특허로 이루어진 제품의 경우에도 같은 논리가 가능하다.

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor(AOT) is a benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium characterized by slow but progressive growth and rare recurrence. Tumor growth may cause displacement of teeth rather than root resorption. The AOT appears in 3 clinicotopographic variants such as follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. The follicular AOT mimics a dentigerous or follicular cyst and the extrafollicular cyst does a residual cyst, globulo-maxillary cyst and lateral periodontal cyst. Although over 750 cases of AOT were reported in the literature, clinicopathologic parameters of AOT in Koreans has not been investigated. 22 cases of AOT were retrieved from the files of the department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital and their clinicopathologic findings were reviewed. The central type accounts for 95%, 72% of which are follicular. The follicular and extrafollicular varients together are more commonly found in the maxilla than in the mandible with a ratio of 4.5:1. Age distribution showed that 59% of AOTs were diagnosed in the second decade of life, and mean age was 18.5 years. The female to male ratio was 3.4:1. All variants of AOT showed identical histologic features.

Squamous cell carcinoma comprises about 95% of oral cancers. 까le gene디C 없mage in carcinogen-exposed fields is accumulated to transforrn norrnal mucosa in dysplas디c tissue and fmally invasive carcinoma through multistep process. This carcinogenic process has been a cause of the development of secondary tumors after the removal of primary carcmoma. πle improvement of therapeutic modalities of oral cancer has driven into the increase of multiple cancer occurrence in head and neck region. We experienced 3 pa디ents who had mul디ple squamous cell carcinomas in oral cavlty. π1ÎS study aimed to report multiple pr따laπ squamous cell carcinoma by clinical and pathologic examination and to discuss their molecular mechanism

Osteoarthrosis in TMJ is known to accompany characteristic features of the craniofacial malformation and malocclusion. In order to explain the mechanism that brings about the typical mandibular changes relating to the frequent clinical symptom, i.e., the limited mouth opening in TMJ patients. The present study investigated the mandibular morphology of the rabbit, also intentional TMJ osteoarthrosis was performed on the TMJ of the rabbits and their morphological changes were observed. A total of 12 New Zealand house rabbits weighing an average of 3 kgwere used and all left side joints were surgically meniscectomized and right side joints were used as controls. The rabbits were sacrificed in one week, two weeks, one month, three months and 5 months after the menisectomy, and the removed TMJs were examined by histological and radiographical methods and analyzed statistically. It was found that the mandibular morphology caused by osteoarthritis in the TMJ was characterized by the decrease in size of the ascending ramus, posterior ramus bowing, deep antegonial notch and thickening of the cortex in inferior and posterior borders of the mandible, that the similar features were also observed in the rabbit mandible. When the menisectomy was performed in the unilateral side of rabbit TMJ, the mandibular changes including the increased depth of antegonial notch and posterior ramus bowing occurred only on the affected side. These data suggested that the limitation of the mandibular movement and altered masticatory pattern by meniscectomy affects the structural remodeling of the mandible and TMJ likely the TMJ osteoarthrosis

This study centers on how the electronic democracy which is expected to be a political system of information society may increase civic participation and develop political system. On the other hand, critics of internet voting claim that the technology required to properly authenticate voters and assure the accuracy and integrity of the election system either does not exist or is not widespread enough in society to be equitable and effective. In order to capture the potential that this new technology offers, it must be implemented correctly, upon a well-conceived framework of standards and procedures. At the same time, government must seek the advice of industry leaders as well as social activists so as to avoid the many obstacles that will undoubtedly arise.

This qualitative research describes unique features of seven exemplary science teachers' professional development activities. Description of excellence in effective teachers' professional development efforts will provide some insights into required inservice initiatives and support systems for teachers' professional learning. Exemplary science teachers' professional development activities can be classified into four types: (1) practicing classroom supervision, (2) participating in voluntary communities of teachers, (3) playing instructional leader roles in teacher training programs, and (4) continuing one's studies at a graduate school. One of the common features of these exemplary teachers was that they can both articulate what makes teachers professionals and practice in accordance with their perspectives. These exemplary teachers not only improved their own classroom practices, but also participated actively in various professional communities to share their practical knowledge with their colleagues. The teachers have formed special-interest groups to investigate better ways of science teaching. They also took an active role in teachers' in-service education. Teachers' quality practices lie at the heart of classroom change. However, it's important to remember that there must be a support system that sustains and encourages teachers' initiatives. The implications for the support system to encourage teachers' professional development efforts are discussed.