Efforts on the continued increase of local government's fiscal spending related to improving the residential environment are desirable to counter the declining phenomenon of urban decline. At the same time, however, it is also important to know how to operate limited finances more efficiently to improve the residential environment. This study aims to contribute to the rational allocation of fiscal expenditure and the creation of productive results for the improvement of the settlement environment. To this end, this study analyzed the efficiency of financial expenditure related to the improvement of the residential environment in 225 local governments nationwide. The relationship between financial expenditure and residential environmental performance was also measured and the CCR, BCC and SBM models were used to measure efficiency. The analysis showed that most local governments need to scale back their fiscal spending related to improving the government environment. In addition, it was required to prepare feasible spending plans by bench-marking the processes of residential environment improvement projects in areas such as Haman-gun, Jongno-gu, Seoul, and Seocho-gu, which are considered to be under efficient operation.

The University is to be established as an independent institution, with an appropriate status under the law of Korea. It will require such arrangements, incentives privileges and immunities as will facilitate the recruitment of international staff and the participation of faculty and students from all over the world. The University must be fully autonomous to ensure its intellectual and academic integrity and freedom from ideological constraints. The relationship with United Nations can be achieved without making the University an actual UN organization, through cooperation with UN agencies and organizations and participation of UN personnel in its faculty and programs. The core program centered at the University itself would be developed initially on the basis of the comparative advantage offered by its location in Jeju and the quality of faculty, full and part time, that could be recruited to the University. To reflect the complexity and range of issues in the field of sustainable development, it is planned that the academic program of the University should be organized from two mutually reinforcing perspectives, core competences underlying the whole program and specific areas of concentration.

In a series of recent launch tests, North Korea has been improving the firepower of its missiles that can target South Korea. North Korea’s missiles and submarines are capable of threatening targets in South Korea and are likely faster and more covert than the systems previously seen in North Korea. The advanced threats require that ROK Navy should not only detect them earlier than ever but also response quicker than ever. In addition to increasing threats, the number of young man that can be enlisted for military service has been dramatically decreasing. To deal with these difficulty, ROK navy has been making various efforts to acquire a SMART warship having enhanced defense capability with fewer human resources. For quick response time with fewer operators, ROK Navy should improve the efficiency of systems and control tower mounted on the ship by promoting the Ship System Integration. Total Ship Computing Environment (TSCE) is a method of providing single computing environment for all ship systems. Though several years have passed since the first proposal of TSCE, limited information has been provided and domestic research on the TSCE is still in its infancy. In this paper, we apply TSCE with open architecture (OA) to solve the problems that ROK Navy is facing in order to meet the requirements for the SMART ship. We first review the level of Ship System Integration of both domestic and foreign ships. Then, based on analyses of integration demands for SMART warship, we apply real time OA to design architecture for TSCE from functional view and physical view. Simulation result shows that the proposed architecture has faster response time than the response time of the existing architecture and satisfies its design requirements.

The effect of the change in air inflow velocity has been investigated at the opening of the malodor emission source to determine its influence on the Complex odor concentration. Both the Complex odor collection efficiency and concentrations were measured according to the change in airflow velocity. When the air inflow velocity was 0.1 m/s, it was observed that some of the generated gas streams were diffused to the outside due to low collection efficiency. In contrast, only the increased gas collection volume up to 0.5 m/s showed no substantial reduction of the Complex odor concentration, which indicates an increase in the size of the local exhaust system as well as the operation cost for the Complex odor control device. When the air inflow velocity reached 0.3 m/s, the Complex odor concentrations not only were the lowest, but the odorous gas could also be collected efficiently. The air inflow velocity at the opening of the malodor emission source was considered the key factor in determining the gas collection volume. Therefore, based on the results of this study, an optimal air inflow velocity might be suggestive to be 0.3 m/s.

목적 : 본 연구는 지체장애 근로자의 근로환경인 장애인 편의시설과 편의제공 현황을 살펴보고 이에 따른 직무만족도의 차이와 장애인 편의시설과 편의제공이 지체장애 근로자의 직무만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2018년 한국장애인고용공단에서 실시한 2차 웨이브 3차 장애인고용패널조사 원자료를 활용하여, 3차 조사 당시 임금근로자로 종사하고 있는 지체장애인 927명의 자료를 최종적으로 분 석하였다. 본 연구에 필요한 문항만 선별하여 독립표본 t-검정과 일원배치 분산분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 : 지체장애 근로자의 성별 연령, 학력, 장애형태에 따라서 직무만족도에 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 장애정도에 따라서는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 장애인 편의시설은 5개 항목 전체에서 설치되어 있는 경우 지체장애 근로자의 직무만족도가 유의하게 높았다. 편의제공은 근무시간 조정, 업무 수행 시 타인의 도움, 작업에 대한 지도 및 직장생활 상담, 장애인 편의시설 설치 항목을 제공 받은 경우 직무만족도가 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 지체장애 근로자는 장애인 편의시설의 개수가 증가할수록, 편의제공 개수가 증가할수록 직무만족도가 유의하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 장애인고용패널조사 빅데이터 분석결과를 통해 지체장애 근로자의 근로환경의 중요성을 확인하고 지체장애 근로자의 직무만족도 향상을 위해 직업재활 분야 전문가의 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 작업치료사의 직업재활 업무 수행에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between bullying, nursing work environment, reality shock and factors of influence on turnover intension. Data were collected from 381 nurses who were under the charge nurse at a hospital with more than 600 beds in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS24.0 program. The mean score for turnover intension was 3.61 ± 0.89. The intension of turnover was correlated with bullying in the workplace (r=0.197, ρ=.001), the nursing work environment (r=-.409, p=.001), and reality shock (r=.572, p=.001). Variables affecting turnover intension were the work department(β=-0.018, ρ=.049), working environment(β=-0.424, ρ<.000), and reality shock(β=0.654, ρ<.000). The total amount of explanation for turnover intension was 37.3%. The degree of turnover intension of nurses was affected by work in general wards, the experience of workplace bullying and the nursing work environment. To reduce turnover intension, nursing work needs to be analyzed and efforts are needed to establish an effective communication system.

목적 : 본 연구는 병원 중심 의료기관에 종사하는 작업치료사의 근무환경과 직무만족도, 임파워먼트의 관계를 분석하고, 근무환경과 직무만족도의 관계에서 임파워먼트가 매개하는지에 대한 기초자료를 수립하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구기간 및 대상은 11월 10일부터 12월 28일까지 G광역시 병원에 종사하는 작업치료사로, 총 205명이었다. 근무환경, 직무만족도, 임파워먼트의 관련성은 Pearson 상관분석을 실시하였다. 근무환경, 직무만족도, 임파워먼트의 매개효과 검증은 PROCESS macro의 model 4를 적용하여 분석하였다. 간접효과의 유의성 검증은 비모수 재표본(nonparametric resampling)방법으로 알려진 부트스트랩핑(bootstrapping) 을 이용하였다. 결과 : 작업치료사의 근무환경, 임파워먼트, 직무만족도는 모두 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 근무환경은 직무만족도에 직접적인 영향을 주는 동시에 임파워먼트를 통해 간접적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 결론 : 작업치료사는 지시와 전달 체계에서 벗어나 직업적 특수성을 고려한 수평적이고 지지적인 탄력적 관계의 환경 조성과 자율성과 권한이 보장될 수 있는 임파워먼트의 강화가 상호작용할 때 직무만족의 향상을 넘어 수준 높은 의료서비스를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the level of the light-environment and the driver's visual ability on the change in the driver's perception of a forward curved section at night. The study also aims to identify factors that should be considered to ensure safety while entering curved sections of a road at night. METHODS : Data collected from a virtual driving experiment, conducted by the Korean Institute of Construction Technology (2017), were used. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the effects of changes in the light-environment factors (road surface luminance and glare) and the driver’s visual ability on a driver's perception of the road. Additionally, analysis of the moderated effect of visual ability on light-environment factors indicated that the difference in drivers’ visual abilities impact the influence of light-environment factors on their perception. A driver's ability to perceive, as a response variable, was categorized into 'failure' and 'success' by comparing the perceived distance and minimum reaction sight distance. Covariates were also defined. Road surface luminance levels were categorized into 'unlit road surface luminance' (luminance ≤ 0.1 nt) and 'lit road surface luminance' (luminance > 0.1 nt), based on 0.1 nt, which is the typical level observed on unlit roads. The glare level was categorized as 'with glare' and 'without glare' based on whether the glare was from a high-beam caused by an oncoming vehicle or not. The driver's visual ability level was categorized into 'low visual ability' (age ≥ 50) and 'high visual ability' (age ≤ 49), considering that after the age of 50, the drive’s visual ability sharply declines. RESULTS : The level of road surface luminance, glare, and driver's visual ability were analyzed to be significant factors that impact the driver's ability to perceive curved road sections at night. A driver's perception was found to reduce when the road surface luminance is very low, owing to the lack of road lighting ('unlit road luminance'), when glare is caused by oncoming vehicles ('with glare'), and if the driver's visual ability level is low owing to an older age ('low visual ability'). The driver's ability to perceive a curved section is most affected by the road surface luminance level. The effect is reduced in the order of glare occurrence and the driver's visual ability level. The visual ability was analyzed as a factor that impacts the intensity of the effect of change of the light-environment on the change of the driver's ability to perceive the road. The ability to perceive a curved section deteriorates significantly in 'low visual ability' drivers, aged 50 and above, compared to drivers with 'high visual ability,' under the age of 49, when the light-environment conditions are adverse with regard to the driver’s perception (road surface luminance: 'lit road surface luminance'→'unlit road surface luminance,' glare: 'without glare'→'with glare'). CONCLUSIONS : Supplementation, in terms of road lighting standards that can lead to improvements in the level of light-environment, should be considered first, rather than the implementation of restrictions on the right of movement, such as restricting the passage of low visual ability or aging drivers who are disadvantageous in terms of gaining good perception of the road at night. When establishing alternatives so that safety on roads at night is improved, it is necessary to consider improving drivers' perception by expanding road lighting installation. The road lighting criteria should be modified such that the glare caused by oncoming traffic, which is an influential factor in the linear change in perception, and the level of light-environment thereof are improved.

Because the inner environment of greenhouse has a direct impact on crop production, many studies have been performed to develop technologies for controlling the environment in the greenhouse. However, it is difficult to apply the technology developed to all greenhouses because those studies were conducted through empirical experiments in specific greenhouses. It takes a lot of time and cost to develop the models that can be applicable to all greenhouse in real situation. Therefore studies are underway to solve this problem using computer-based simulation techniques. In this study, a model was developed to predict the inner environment of glass greenhouse using CFD simulation method. The developed model was validated using primary and secondary heating experiment and daytime greenhouse inner temperature data. As a result of comparing the measured and predicted value, the mean temperature and uniformity were 2.62°C and 2.92%p higher in the predicted value, respectively. R2 was 0.9628, confirming that the measured and the predicted values showed similar tendency. In the future, the model needs to improve by applying the shape of the greenhouse and the position of the inner heat exchanger for efficient thermal energy management of the greenhouse.

The University will contribute, through its high quality of education, training and research, to the containment, reduction and management of the problems confronting humanity in the transition to sustainable way of life utilizing the latest technologies of distance learning. Through international collaboration and leadership, it will generate, mobilize and share knowledge, experience and skills throughout the world so as to promote equitable and sustainable progress and to preserve and enhance the natural world on which humanity depends. As merit of the location of center in Northeastern Asia and North and South countries, Jeju Island has a remarkable natural beauty matching with unique environmental culture tradition, and a wide range of expertise, connections and capabilities in regard to global commerce, finance and transportation, and to the management of watersheds and biodiversity as a newly established international free city, all of which are relevant to world environment of sustainable development.

We submit a proposal ‘Jeju 6+1 Forum in France : World Environment University in Korea and its Sister University in Strasbourg in 2022’ for a private meeting for the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2020 at Parc Chanot in Marseille to 7 to 15 January 2021. The purpose of this study is not only to practice both Jeju Environment or bio diplomacy utilizing UNESCO Environmental Assets but also actualize Jeju peace island cultural and educational diplomacy making use of peace-promoting image of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province through institutionalization of 6+1 Wonsan Culture Forum, Jeju Peace Concert, Global Youth Peace Documentary Film contest by people to people democracy at grassroots level

The purpose of this article is to capture this situation within the changes that take place due to it, inside the Greek society where there is a great need for professional social workers who are able to work targeted and effectively with foreigners, both children and adults, who have or develop mental health problems for the very first time. Over the recent decades the increasing number of migration flows has exerted and continues to exert great pressure on the health system and on the welfare structures of Greece. The bases for the development of a rudimentary reception and integration system that still is in progress have been delayed, while there has been no happy medium, between the enormous pressure that foreigner users of this system put on, and the humanitarian obligation of a well-governed state towards all residents of the country. Straight through everyday clinical practice in the field of intercultural work, social work has the knowledge and techniques for a total management of emerging problems and at the same time provides a value system with an ethical background which approaches refugees and migrants in order to provide quality services, mostly to users of mental health services.

본 논문은 지각된 가치가 적용된 관광 행동의도 정보를 이용한 지능형 클라우드 환경에서의 관광추천시스템을 제안한다. 이 제안 시스템은 관광정보와 관광객의 지각적 가치가 행동의도에 반영되는 실증적 분석 정보를 와이드 앤 딥러닝 기술을 이용하여 관광추천시스템에 적용하였다. 본 제안 시스템은 다양하게 수집할 수 있는 관광 정보와 관광객이 평소에 지각하고 있던 가치와 사람의 행동에서 나타나는 의도를 수집 분석하여 관광 추천시스템에 적용하였다. 이는 기존에 활용되던 다양한 분야의 관광플랫 폼에 관광 정보, 지각된 가치 및 행동의도에 대한 연관성을 분석하고 매핑하여, 실증적 정보를 제공한다. 그리고 관광정보와 관광객의 지각적 가치가 행동의도에 반영되는 실증적 분석 정보를 선형 모형 구성요소와 신경만 구성요소를 합께 학습하여 한 모형에서 암기 및 일반화 모두를 달성할 수 있는 와이드 앤 딥러닝 기술을 이용한 관광추천 시스템을 제시하였고, 파이프라인 동작 방법을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 추천시스템은 와이드 앤 딥러닝 모형을 적용한 결과 관광관련 앱 스토어 방문 페이지 상의 앱 가입률이 대조군 대비 3.9% 향상했고, 다른 1% 그룹에 변수는 동일하고 신경망 구조의 깊은 쪽만 사용한 모형을 적용하여 결과 와이드 앤 딥러닝 모형은 깊은 쪽만 사용한 모형 대비해서 가입률을 1% 증가하였다. 또한, 데이터셋에 대해 수신자 조작 특성 곡선 아래 면적(AUC)을 측정하여, 오프라인 AUC 또한 와이드 앤 딥러닝 모형이 다소 높지만 온라인 트래픽에서 영향력이 더 강하다는 것을 도출하였다.

과학 발전 및 인류 경제생활 수준이 높아짐과 동시에 중국의 피아 노 문화 시장은 점차 대중성ㆍ다원화성ㆍ다양성 등의 특징을 보이고 있다. 피아노 레슨의 사회적 수요가 나날이 늘어나고 있기 때문에 피 아노 교육학과 학생들은 광범한 피아노 문화 시장의 수요에 만족하 기 위한 준비를 해야 한다. 엘리트 수업의 단일 교육 모델을 깨고 인터넷 플랫폼을 이용한 대 중을 향하는 피아노 교육 방식이 현재 대세이다. 이는 여러 과정의 종합수업 모델 하에서 ‘실용 피아노’의 교수방법과 특징을 활용하여 피아노연주ㆍ기초악리지식ㆍ작곡기초이론을 전통적인 이론 수업과 유기적으로 통합시켜 ‘교과 이념의 시대화, 수업내용의 혁신화, 교수 법의 다양성, 교육평가의 다원화의 특징을 구현하였다. 이는 고급성 ㆍ전문화ㆍ실천성 등 특징을 갖게 된다. 인터넷의 혁신적 성과를 ‘실용 피아노’ 교육에 깊이 있게 융합시 키는 것은 피아노 교육의 대세로, 피아노 실용형 혁신 인재의 배양에 큰 도움을 주게 될 것이다.

중국 공산당 제18차 국회 보고서는 ‘중국의 아름다운 농촌 계획’을 발표했으며, 새로운 사회주의 농촌 건설의 배경하에서 농촌 계획과 건설의 열풍을 열었다. 사람들은 농촌 경관의 가치에 대한 이해가 많이 바뀌었고 농촌 색채에 대한 연구도 활발히 수행되고 있다. 본 연구는 농촌의 색채 풍경의 관점에서 중국 농촌 지역의 실제 상황에 따라 농촌의 색채를 추출하고 정량화 하고자 한다. 본 연구의 연구 방법은 문헌 연구, 경험적 조사, 그래픽 연구 및 통계분석법을 병행하였다. 산동성에 있는 선곽장의 색상 현황 특징을 심도 있게 분 석하고 자연 및 문화적 특성 및 주변 환경과 조화를 이루는 색상 계 획을 포함하여 색채 모델을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 NCS 색채 시스템을 기반하여 보급화 된 중국 농촌 색 채 모델을 제공하게 되기를 기대한다.

The number of complaints of odor in urban area has been increased due to mixed industrial areas of odor-related factories and municipal waste treatment odor-producing facilities located in adjacent residential regions. In this study, the characteristics of odor were reviewed according to two types of complaint from regions in Incheon area. In this study, the characteristics of odor were reviewed in two patterns of odor complaints in Incheon area such as the complaints are maintained high continuously and are increased in recent period. International city with largescale residential areas with the environmental facilities and redevelopment of residential regions with the adjacent industrial complexes and other odor emission sources were analyzed. Based on these characteristics, the odor management measures of major odor generating sources in order to improve urban environment were discussed with reducing odor complaints effectively.