Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer and is associated with high recurrence, poor treatment, and low survival rates. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that regulates the response to hypoxia, a major factor in the tumor microenvironment that affects tumor development and progression in various cancer types. However, microRNA (miRNA) sequence analysis revealed that only a few miRNAs targeting HIF-1α had been discovered. In the present study, we investigated HIF-1α expression in OSCC and the effect of HIF-1α-targeting miRNAs on the progression and metastatic potential of OSCC. We analyzed public databases to explore which miRNAs target HIF-1α expression. In addition, the expression of proteins involved in the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis in HSC-2 cells was analyzed after miRNA-126 mimic treatment. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of miRNA-126 on the proliferation and invasion ability of OSCC cells, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and Transwell assays were performed. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated via gelatin zymography. Our results showed that miRNA-126, which targets HIF-1α, enhances OSCC cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle and reinforces the cell mobility of OSCC via HIF-1α expression. These findings suggest that miRNA-126 may be a novel marker for OSCC treatment and the development of new tools for patients with OSCC.

고지방식이를 섭취한 수컷 쥐에서 PPARα activator fenofibrate 단독처방(H/F)과 수영운동 단 독처방(H/S)에 비해 fenofibrate와 수영운동의 조합처방(H/F/S)이 백색지방조직의 염증 개선에 유익한 상 승효과를 나타낼 것인지를 조사하였다. 몸무게, 체내 백색지방조직의 무게 및 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 수치는 저지방식이를 섭취한 쥐(L)에 비해 고지방식이를 섭취한 쥐(H)가 증가하였으며, H에 비해 H/F와 H/S 모 두 감소하였으며, fenofibrate에 의해 감소된 수치는 fenofibrate와 수영운동의 조합처방(H/F/S)에 의해 더 효과적으로 감소하였다. 체내 백색지방조직에서 염증성 사이토카인 유전자와 지방산 산화 관련 유전자의 발현을 조사한 결과, L에 비해 H는 증가하였으며, H에 비해 H/F와 H/S 모두 감소하였고, H/F/S는 H/F 에 비해 더욱 감소시켰다. 따라서 본 연구는 고지방식이를 섭취한 수컷 쥐에서 fenofibrate와 수영운동의 조합처방은 fenofibrate 단독처방에 비해 지방산 산화를 촉진하여 비만으로 발생한 백색지방조직의 염증을 더욱 효과적으로 억제한다는 것을 밝힘으로써, 비만으로 발생하는 지방조직의 염증을 개선하는 실질적인 방법을 제시하였다.

Liquid-state fermentation (LSF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) were carried out to produce enzymes and β-glucan. The modified synthetic medium composition in liquid-state fermentation (LSF) was determined to be 5% (w/v) whole oat flour, 2% (w/v) tryptone, and 2% (w/v) rice bran. The different humidity conditions of oat by solid-state fermentation were evaluated in terms of maximum production of fungal biomass, amylase, protease, and β-glucan, which were 0.23 mg/g, 7,157.38 U/g, 413.67 U/g, and 8.26% (w/w), respectively, at 60% of humidity condition. Moreover, α-glucosidase inhibition activities of fermented oat with 60% humidity at 48 h were shown to be high 49.08% (w/w). Therefore, liquid- and solid-state fermentation processes were found to enhance the overall fermentation yields of oat to produce enzymes and β-glucan.

The structure of isoflavone moiety in soybean could be altered by thermal treatment. Thus, this study analyzed the isoflavone profiles of raw soybean extract (RSe, no pretreatment), blanched soybean extract (BSe, at 85oC for 3 min), and cooked soybean extract (CSe, at 95oC for 30 min) and measured their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The content of malonylglucosides in RSe decreased considerably during their transformation into BSe and CSe. The total content of isoflavones in RSe and BSe was fairly similar, although there was a significant difference in the respective values for RSe and CSe. It was concluded that the cooking treatment significantly impacted soybean isoflavone content and, eventually, one-quarter of isoflavones were lost in CSe. According to authentic isoflavone tests, the inhibition of α-glucosidase by isoflavone aglycones was more effective than that of the corresponding isoflavone glucosides. The α-glucosidase inhibitions were observed in the order of BSe (70.0%), CSe (53.3%), and RSe (32.3%). However, it was challenging to identify which isoflavone derivative had contributed to the phenomenon mentioned above. Hence, the blanching of soybean seemed to be more appropriate than cooking for preparing soybean extract to inhibit α-glucosidase due to the higher loss of isoflavone during cooking.

This study investigated optimal extraction conditions for applying Capsicum annuum L. leaf as a functional food resource. Capsicum annuum L. leaf was extracted at different extraction solvents (water and 95% ethanol), extraction temperatures (80oC and 100oC), and e xtraction times ( 30, 60, and 9 0 min), a nd t he extracts were e valuated for extraction yield, luteolin content as a major flavonoid component, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extraction yield, luteolin content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the hot water extract were higher than those of the ethanol extract. In evaluating the extraction temperature of Capsicum annuum L. leaf, the antioxidant activities were similar, but the extraction yields, luteolin contents, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were higher at 100oC extraction. In evaluating the extraction time of Capsicum annuum L. leaf, extraction yield increased as the extraction time increased, but antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were the highest at 60 min of extraction. These results suggest that the optimum extraction conditions of Capsicum annuum L. leaf are hot water for 60 min at 100oC, and the extracts can be used as a functional food resource.

수처리 및 의약바이오 분야에서 유효물질 분리에 활용되고 있는 알루미나 중공사 분리막은 얇은 두께로 인해 취 급 및 적용시 쉽게 파괴되는 단점이 있기 때문에 분리막의 강도를 100 MPa 이상으로 향상시키기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 나노입자의 함량을 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%로 증가시켰을 때 제조된 중공사 분리막의 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 나노입 자의 함량이 증가함에 따라 중공사 분리막의 강도는 79 MPa에서 115 MPa로 증가하였으며, 밀도는 1.76 g/m3에서 1.88 g/m3 으로 증가하였고 기공률과 평균기공크기는 각각 51%에서 48%로, 416 nm에서 352 nm로 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 스폰지구 조가 발달하고 스폰지구조의 기공크기가 향상된 알루미나 중공사 분리막은 100 MPa 이상으로 기계적 강도가 향상되었으며, 약 100000 GPU의 높은 질소 투과도 및 약 3000 L/m2h의 높은 물 투과도를 나타내었다. 따라서, γ-알루미나 나노입자를 소 결조제로 첨가하는 것은 α-알루미나 중공사 분리막의 기계적 강도를 효과적으로 증진시키고 높은 투과성능을 유지할 수 있 는 매우 유효한 방법임을 확인하였다.