Urban areas (residential, commercial, transportation), each of the points during the same rainfall in the same area, this study was evaluated by a survey to find out the basic data and the characteristics of non-point pollution on local characteristics was performed. To evaluate and compare a non-point source pollution concentrations. The conclusion of this study was to know the influence of non-point pollutants in initial rainfall. There was a difference during the same point was compared. The pollution levels were differences in the point-specific characteristics, the same point compared by rainfall when rainfall is low, the contaminant concentrations were high. Finally, when compared to the number of rainy days. The shorter the number of rainy days, the non-point pollutants were high.

최근 도시 공간에 대한 사회적 안전성에 대한 수요가 증대됨에 따라, 젠더에 따라 특성화된 공간 점유와 사용이 나타나는 젠더화된 공간에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 젠더화된 공간에 대한 연구는 대개 담론을 중심으로 한 이론 측면이 주를 이루고 있으며, 실제 도시 공간에서의 실증적 분석이 매우 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 공간 조직 관점에서 이러한 젠더화된 공간 유형들이 도시 공간에서 어떻게 나타나고 있는지 탐색하는데 있다. 보다 구체적으로 도시의 토지이용과 경제활동이 구체적으로 재현되고 있는 도시 건물의 용도별 공간 분포를 탐색하기 위해, 서울시를 대상으로 공간 젠더링을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 공간 점유 측면에서 남성적 공간으로 유형화되는 지역들이 여성적 공간에 비해 상대적으로 높은 비율을 차지하고 있으며, 젠더화된 공간들은 주로 도시 중심부에 집중적으로 혼재되어 분포하고 있어 서로 명확하게 구분되지 않고 있다. 그러나 개별적인 젠더별 공간 점유는 연속적 공간에서 국지적인 공간 클러스터를 형성하고 있음을 보여주고 있다.

이 논문은 남강유역 출토품을 대상으로 무문토기시대편평편인석부의 기능과 용도를 밝히고자 한것이다. 즉 마제석부의 연구 가운데 공백으로 남아있었던 편평편인석부를 중심으로 석부류 전체에 대한 이해를 넓히고, 이를 바탕으로 무문토기시대 목재가공기술을 추론하고자 하였다. 먼저 도끼와 자귀, 끌을 구분하였는데, 자루에 직각으로 착장되어 목재를 깎고 다듬는 데 편리한 편인석부를 가리켜‘자귀’로 정의하고 편평편인석부가 이에 해당된다고 보았다. 다음으로 남강유역에서 출토된 무문토기시대 편평편인석부를 형식분류하고 편년하였다. 이에 시기별 추이를 나타내는 몇 가지 속성을 확인할 수 있었는데, 평면형태에 있어서는 방형→장방형, 인부에 있어서는 호인→직인으로의 방향성이인정되었다. 이는 목재 가공 시 인부의 효율을 극대화하고 착장력을 향상시켜 내구성을 강화하기 위한 것으로 판단되며, 이암혼펠스로의 집중도 같은 맥락이다. 수량의 증가와 크기의 소형화는 작업 목적에 따른 자귀의 기능 분화, 미세가공기술 등과 관련된 것으로 보았다.또한 현대 목공구와의 비교연구를 통해 편평편인석부의 각 형식별 용도를 유추하였다. 대부분 크기와 형태에 근거하여 오늘날의 도구와 유사한 점이 확인되었는데, 그 중 평면 방형(Ⅰ류)의 편평편인석부는 오늘날의 대패와 같이 목재를 얇게 깎아내는 기능을 하였을 것이나 착병법에 있어서는 오히려 자귀와 유사하였을 것으로 판단하였다. 그 외에도 목병의 출토사례와 석부의 크기를 바탕으로 대ㆍ중ㆍ소자귀를 구분하였고, 크기가 매우 작은 것과 인부의 폭이 2.5㎝ 내외로 좁은 편평편인석부(Ⅲ류)는 각각 ‘一’자형, ‘ㄱ’자형 자루에 묶여 오늘날의 끌 또는 끌자귀와 같이 사용되었을 것으로 추정하였다.마지막으로 이상에서 정리한 내용을 종합하여 무문토기시대 목재가공기술에 대해 추론해보았다.이에 무문토기시대에는 목재가공수준에 따라 사용되는 도구와 기술이 구분되어 있음을 알 수 있었고,특히 도구에 있어서는 각기 형식변화를 거쳐 기능이 극대화되었을 것으로 추정하였다.

Because of the demographic and economic changes and the lifestyle diversification, the new housing types such as the Quasi-housing and urban small-size multi-unit housing are appeared in korea. The current housing use classifications are regulated in accordance with the housing divided ownership, horizontal and vertical size of housing, and the number of units. However, there is a limit to accommodate the new housing type. Therefore, this study proposed the direction of improvement of the housing use classifications through comparative analysis of foreign housing use classifications. Also, building regulations are applied according to the building use classifications. Therefore, the new housing types in building act are very urgent and important. So this study is derived the problems of the current housing use classifications and is proposed the improvement direction of it through the expert opinion survey.

The purpose of this study is to predict the economic size of foods-for-elderly market, which will be valuable information for establishing related policy and backup system. After setting the scope of related industry, detailed information for current market situation was investigated and a systematic forecast for market changes in the future was performed. Economic growth, changes in consumer expenditure and economic status of the elderly, current subscription of medical insurance and saving for pension were reflected. In addition, a survey toward related firms was completed and changes in aged population and incidence of chronic disease in the elderly were taken into account. Results show that the annual growth rate of the market was predicted to be the minimum 4.54% through the maximum 8.32% from 2010 to 2025 and its market size was forecasted to be the minimum 7,073 ten million won through the maximum 10,976 ten million won. It is expected that the market of foods-for-elderly will grow rapidly with development of foods technology and fast increase of aged population. Especially, growth of health functional foods and foods for special dietary uses for elderly will be distinguished. However, it seems that related firms are on the hedge, watching current trend of the related industry. This may results in insufficient supply against the demand. Therefore, policy for foods-for-elderly should be introduced and systematically administered, including R&D support, standardization and authentication for foods-for-elderly, construction of related database system.

The purpose of this study is to present improvement for classification system of current neighborhood living facility to correspond rapid social change and various industries after understanding its status and problem. In current Building Standard Law, various kinds of buildings are classified for their structure, purpose of use, and building types. The Neighborhood Living Facility is divided into First Neighborhood Living Facility and Second Neighborhood Living Facility with applying area standards, according to facilities of convenience degree for neighborhood inhabitants. This classification, however, has problem in an arbitrary decision and applying of buildings without any definition or standards to adopt. And, there are some mixed neighborhood public functional facilities and amusement business affecting public morals among the Neighborhood Living Facility, so hazard environmental problems are also existed. According to the improved program, the study presents a prompt adoption of new facilities according to various industry increase, with minimum public discontent over adopted area standards. This study suggests making a clear scope through reclassification of Neighborhood Living Facility within the scope of the law on current Neighborhood Living Facility and an improvement plan of introducing necessary definitions on purpose of facility.

Environmental lighting zone-setting has suggested regulatory standards according to the influence of artificial illumination on natural environment and human life. Then, it is necessary to check out the viability of environmental lighting zone division as it is limited to use-zone division. This study aims to suggest some problems, which occur when environmental lighting zone is set by use-zone only, by comparing and analyzing the artificial illumination luminance. In addition, this study aims to suggest basis for the environmental lighting zone-setting and eventually, more effective environmental lighting zone division.

Environmental lighting zone-setting has suggested regulatory standards according to the influence of artificial illumination on natural environment and human life. Then, it is necessary to check out the viability of environmental lighting zone division as it is limited to use-zone division. This study aims to suggest some problems, which occur when environmental lighting zone is set by use-zone only, by comparing and analyzing the artificial illumination luminance. In addition, this study aims to suggest basis for the environmental lighting zone-setting and eventually, more effective environmental lighting zone division.

The study investigates the various Acceptance Control Charts (ACCs) based on the factors that include process independence, data weighting scheme, subgrouping, and use of control charts. USL - LSL 〉 6Σ that used in the good condition processes in the ACCs are designed by considering user's perspective, producer's perspective and both perspectives. ACCs developed from the research is efficiently applied by using the simple control limit unified with APL (Acceptable Process Level), RLP (Rejectable Process Level), Type I Error α, and Type II Error β. Sampling interval of subgroup examines i.i.d. (Identically and Independent Distributed) or auto-correlated processes. Three types of weight schemes according to the reliability of data include Shewhart, Moving Average(MA) and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) which are considered when designing ACCs. Two types of control charts by the purpose of improvement are also presented. Overall, α, β and APL for nonconforming proportion and RPL of claim proportion can be designed by practioners who emphasize productivity and claim defense cost.

현행 주차장법상의 부설주차장 설치기준은 위락시설, 문화 및 집회시설, 단독주택, 공장 등 설치 대상 시설물을 9개 그룹으로 분류하고, 그룹 내 시설물에 대해서는 동일한 설치기준이 제시되어 있다. 지자체는 필요에 따라서 지자체 조례로 시설물의 종류를 세분하거나 설치기준의 2분의 1의 범위(±50%) 안에서 이를 강화 또는 완화할 수 있도록 되어 있다. 최근 건축물의 종류가 다양해지고 기능이 혼재되어 같은 그룹에 속하더라도 시설물에 따라 주차장설치기준을 세분화할 필요가 있으나, 대부분 지자체의 경우 체계적이고 일관된 기준 없이 주차장법에서 제시된 시설분류기준에 강화된 획일적인 설치기준을 조례에 적용하고 있다. 특히, 산업단지 내 위치한 대규모 첨단제조시설의 경우 공정이 자동화되어 건물규모대비 근무인력이 소수임에도 불구하고 이에 대한 별도의 세부적인 구분없이 기타시설 또는 공장시설로 분류되어 일반 제조공장과 동일한 일괄적 기준을 적용하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현장조사를 통해 산업단지 내 공장시설에 대한 기존 주차원단위 산정에 대한 문제점을 분석하고, 이를 해결하기 위해 방안으로 용도 및 규모특성을 고려한 부설주차장 설치기준 개선방안을 제시하였다.

Bong-amsa Temple is a special temple in the custody of Jogye sect, a branch of Buddhism in Korea. Due to limited public access to this temple, its Geungnakjeon(paradise shrine) has been little known to outside. But it is known that the Geungnakjeon has been not yet explored from academic standpoints in terms of its historical establishment as well as applications, and it would be two-storied wooden pagoda or the like. In order to examine its historical establishment, this study investigated historical records related to Bong-amsa Temple and its intrinsic architectural style. As a result, it was estimated that the building was established around the transitional period ranging from the late Koryo dynasty to the early Joseon dynasty. And it was found that the Geungnakjeon is not the two-storied wooden pagoda, but the unique building including an incidental component called Chayanggan(遮陽間; a sort of stepped penthouse) in Korea. In order to examine its possible applications, this study compared this building with other Buddhist funeral articles in forms similar thereto, such as Buddhist pagoda(僧塔), sarira container(舍利器) and Gamnodo(甘露圖) which depicts Byeoknyeon Daeban(碧蓮臺畔; a palanquin carrying malignant spirit). Then, this study estimated its possible applications on the basis of relevant historical literatures. As a result, it was found that this building was used as Wondang(願堂; a sort of Buddhist prayer house) to wish royal family's going to Nirvana after death, and it was not Confucian-style architecture popularized in the era of Joseon dynasty, but Buddhist-style architecture built widely from the era of Koryo dynasty to the early Joseon dynasty.

The national parks of South Korea take up an area of 6,726 km2, which accounts for 6.7% of the national land. They are national conservation areas with their area made up of 59.1% of land (3,972.6 km2) and 40.9% of seawaters (2,753.7 km2). And in 2019, the national parks are classified by type into 17 mountainous, 4 maritime or coastal, and 1 historical site. Here, the maritime or coastal nation parks are lately spotlighted as landmarks in maritime tourism. However, the area of the maritime or coastal national parks is continuously dwindling due to conflicts between the residents in the parks and Korea national park service, the continued pressure with respect to the regional tourism development and private investments, and the abolition of parks in relation to allegedly breached private properties. This study identifies the issues with the operation and management of national parks as caused by the abolition of parks and the reduction of areas, and goes from there to do research with the aim of suggesting an institutionalized improvement plan with a view to more useful operation and management of the maritime or coastal national parks. As a result, the natural resources in the sea and on land should be surveyed again to establish the standard for use-specific zoning and reorganize the park areas in adjusting the national park areas. Second, the use-specific districts need to be reviewed for their reorganization that meets the designation requirements by focusing on the characteristics of the different national parks with a view to ensuring reasonable natural conservation in the maritime or coastal national parks. Third, various support facilities for residents such as public path, lodgings, and rentals need to be created to reduce the conflicts between Korea national park service and those who live in the parks.

According to the revised version of Waste Control Act to enter into force in 2017, Wastes could only be recycled assuming that the use of recycled wastes is safe for the environment and human health by environmental safety assessment. Even before this revision of the law, inorganic sludges could have been recycled as alternative materials for filler and cover materials by mixing with soil. However, in case of inorganic sludge from car-washing facilities, the revised law provides that the waste has to be landfilled. To assess the possibility of recycling this waste, we investigate the characteristics of the generation and concentration level of hazardous substances and evaluate the safety of recycling this material to assess whether this process meets the environmental standards. We obtained a total of eight sludge samples from car-wash shops, such as those in gas stations, car-repair shops and car-wash facilities. According to the results of leaching tests, most of the samples(8) fell under the detection limit and thus could be legally treated as general waste. However, in the results of contents some heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium, lead, copper and zinc, exceeded the standards for soil contamination. We can conclude that the recycling of inorganic sludge from car-wash facilities could cause pollution in soil media when recycled and should not be recycled for filler and cover materials.

현재 우리나라 환경부에서 발간하는 ‘전국 폐기물 발생 및 처리현황’에 의하면 소각재의 구분은 ‘소각재’, ‘연소재’로 구분되어 있으며 ‘사업장배출시설계폐기물’ 항목으로 집계되고 있다. 소각재 및 연소재의 발생 현황을 살펴보면 연소재의 경우 최근 5년간의 발생량은 큰 변화 없이 약 8,000천톤 내외로 일정한 양을 보였지만, 소각재는 매년 증가경향을 보였으며 2010년 약 1,667천톤에서 2014년 약 3,054천톤으로 두 배정도가 증가하였다. 또한, 2014년 기준 소각재의 발생비율은 소각재 및 연소재의 총 발생량(11,410.3천톤) 중 26.8%를 차지하고 있다. 발생하고 있는 소각재의 재활용은 폐기물종류 및 업종에 따라 다르지만, 일반적으로 비산재는 중금속의 유해특성이 높아 재활용이 극히 제한적이고, 바닥재는 상대적으로 유해성이 낮아 재활용 가능성이 높아 다양한 용도로 재활용이 가능하다. 본 연구는 최근 자원순환법 제정, 폐기물관리법 개정 등 환경부의 재활용활성화 정책을 적극 추진하고 있고, 바닥재가 경량골재, 재활용 벽돌, 아스팔트 채움제 등으로 다양하게 재활용되고 있는 상황을 고려하여 중금속 용출특성과 물리･화학적 특성 중심으로 제지소각바닥재에 대한 재활용의 용도 및 방법을 다양화시키기 위한 목적이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 7개 제지업체에서 발생하는 제지소각바닥재의 중금속 용출특성과 물리･화학적 특성을 중심으로 석탄재와 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 석탄재의 수분 및 강열감량에 대한 재활용 환경기준은 없으나, 재활용 제품 품질기준을 제시하고 있고, 제지소각재의 수분과 강열감량은 석탄재 재활용 제품의 품질기준을 만족하는 경우(유동상식)와 그렇지 않은 경우(스토커식)로 나타났다. 중금속용출은 전 항목 지정폐기물, 바닥재 재활용, 요업제품 원료기준의 용출기준을 모두 만족하였으며, 석탄재와 차이가 거의 없었다. 화학성분은 석탄재와 비교하였을 때 비슷한 범위를 보였지만, 재활용 제품 품질기준을 만족하는 경우(유동상식)와 그렇지 않은 경우(스토커식)로 나타났다. 이와 같이 유동상식에서 배출된 제지소각 바닥재의 물리화학적 특성, 중금속 용출농도가 석탄재와 큰 차이가 없고, 품질기준을 만족하는데도 불구하고 재활용이 활성화되어있는 석탄재와 비교하였을 때 제지소각 바닥재는 상대적으로 재활용의 제약을 받고 있는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구결과 유동상식에서 배출된 제지소각 바닥재는 ｢자원의 절약과 재활용촉진에 관한 법률｣ 별표 4에 제시되어 있는 석탄재의 재활용용도 중 콘크리트 및 시멘트 제품(콘크리트 혼화재, 시멘트 및 시멘트 클링커 제조 원료)으로서 재활용이 가능할 것으로 평가되며, 일부 품질기준을 충족시키지 못하는 경우(스토커식), 소각로 방식을 유동상식으로 변경할 경우 품질기준을 충족하는 것이 가능할 것으로 보인다.