Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. Raffinose and stachyose are the main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. They are carbohydrates belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, which are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The genetic reduction of the raffinose and stachyose contents in mature soybean seeds will improve the nutritional value of soybean. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic traits with 10 F6 strains selected from breeding populations derived from a cross among seven parents. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agronomic traits such as flower color, flowering date, harvesting date, lodging, plant height, seed coat color, hilum color, 100 seed weight, and yield were evaluated. Ten intermediate parents showed low raffinose and stachyose contents. The intermediate parent 883-1 had a small seed size, six intermediate parents (15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-33, RS-64, and RS-70) had a medium seed size, and two intermediate parents (14G20 and RS-21) had a large seed size. The intermediate parent RS-21 had a black seed coat and a green cotyledon. Four intermediate parents (883-1, 14G20, RS-5, and RS-21) had elite agronomic traits. The new intermediate parents developed through this study will be used to develop improved soybean cultivars with low contents of raffinose and stachyose.

Background : Chrysanthemum indicum L. is used in medicine, for bee, ornamental as multivoltinism plant resources. Since ancient times, Chrysanthemum indicum L. had been widely used as drug and tea. To diversity and increase the demand of Chrysanthemum, it is breeding for medicinal herb, tea and ornamental flower. Therefore size and shape of plant, color of flower have been used for cross breeding. CI2013 lines collected from Jeju have been used for landscape and ornament. and CI2010 lines collected from Sancheong have been used for medicinal herb tea. As a result, many new lines were developed. Therefore it was carried out to use as a date for new varieties through the characterization of good lines. Methods and Results : 7 lines were investigated and these plants were forstered and cultivated from Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services (Hamyang). Breeding Lines were CI201001, CI201002, CI201005, CI201006, CI201303, CI201307, CI201401. The shape of CI201303 and CI201307 were round, plant height is low and width is wide, it may be used for landscape and ornament. As the size of flower in CI201005 was big, it may be used for medicinal herb tea. Conclusion : CI201303 and CI201307 lines were good for landscape and ornament because of round shape. CI201005 line was good for medicinal herb tea because of big flower.

Background : To diversify and increase the demend of Boxthorn, it is breeding for medicinal herbs, food and fresh fruit. Therefore Ningxia with the high sugar content and Black Fruit Containing a lot of functional ingredients have been used for cross breeding. As a result, many new lines were developed. Therefore It was carried out to use as a data for new varieties through the characterization of good lines. Methods and Results : 12 varieties and lines were investigated. Diploid boxthorn were Chengmyeong (Lycium chinense Mill.), Ningxia (Lycium barbarum L.) and Black Fruit (Lycium ruthenicum Murray). Tetraploid boxthorn is Whasu. Breeding Lines were CB13593-8, CB13595-4, CB13592-9, CB13596-1, CB13597-37, CB14643-43, CB14622-2 and CB14626-4. The fruit of lines crossed with Black Fruit (Lycium ruthenicum Murray) were round. The various lines were breeded with black fruit, good fruiting and good soil adaptability. Leaves were small and thin in Compared with tetraploid Boxthorn, Whasu. Sugar content was very high in CB14643-43, CB13595-4, CB13597-37 and CB13593-8. So it’s good for fresh fruit. Conclusion : CB14643-43, CB13595-4, CB13597-37 and CB13593-8 lines were good for fresh fruit because of high sugar content of the fruit. CB14622-2 and CB13596-1 lines were good for food because of fruit color, seed weight and number of seeds. But these are required function component analysis.

시들음병은 진균성 병원균인 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans에 의해 양배추(Brassica oleracea var. capitata)에 발병하는 심각한 병해이다. 최근, 양배추의 시들음병 저항성 유전자, FocBo1, 과 연관된 분자 마커 (MTK-C)에 대한 보고가 있었다. 본 연구에서는, MTK-C를 이용하여, 국내 시들음병 저항성 육종을 위한 양배추 육종 계통이 FocBo1 유전자와 연관된 것인지 판별하고자 하였다. 상업적으로 판매되고 있는 ‘대박나’를 대조군으로 하여 6가지의 양배추 육종계통을 통제된 실험실 조건에서, 시들음병을 처리하고, 생물검정에 따른 발병도와 식물체내 병원균의 생체량을 확인하여 육종계통의 시들음병에 대한 반응성을 정확히 평가 하였다. 그결과, KR-518, OK-517은 반복 실험을 통해 병징 뿐만 아니라 병원균의 바이오 매스도 거의 검출되지 않는 강한 저항성을 나타냈고, RK-P6-1, MT-624는 실험실내 병 처리 환경에 따라 그 저항성과 감수성의 정도가 달라지는 각각 중도 저항성, 감수성으로 분류 할 수 있으며, JK-2, HY-164는 병징과 바이오매스 모두에서 병에 대한 감수성을 보임을 확인 하였다. FocBo1 간의 상관관계를 알기 위하여, 6개 양배추 계통의 genomic DNA를 추출하고, MTK-C 마커를 이용하여 PCR을 수행한 결과, 흥미롭게도 감수성 유전자원인 HY-164 식물체에서도 FocBo1 밴드가 관찰 되었다. 염기서열의 차이를 확인하고자 증폭된 밴드를 클로닝하여 sequencing 한 결과 감수성 HY-164와 저항성 KR-518 간의 차이는 없었다. 하지만, HY-164의 식물체에서는 FocBo1 유전자의 발현이 없는 것을 cDNA를 이용한 RT-PCR 결과로 확인 하였으며, 더하여, FocBo1 유전자의 발현 정도가 완전 저항성, 중도 저항성을 결정하는 중요 요인이라는 것을 실험을 통해 확인 할 수 있었다. 더하여, 확인된 MTK-C 밴드의 염기서열을 이용하여 단일밴드로 정확히 FocBo1 발현을 확인할 수 있는 프라이머, FocBo1-C를 만들 수 있었다. 본 실험을 통하여, 국내에서 보유한 6개 시들음병 관련 양배추 육종계통의 정확한 병 반응성을 정리 하였으며, 또한 이들의 시들음병 저항성이 FocBo1 유전자 및 발현과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, FocBo1을 이용한 분자육종에서 저항성과 감수성 판별을 위하여 genome 상의 FocBo1 존재뿐만 아니라 그 발현의 정도도 같이 확인 하여야 한다는 것을 확인하였다.

Polyembryony in many citrus varieties is an impediment in breeding because it makes hard to identify hybrids after crossbreeding. So, it has become imperative for developing efficient methods to distinguish zygotic seedling generated from polyembryonic seed depending on citrus variety. Simple sequence repeat(SSR) marker is one of useful systems for such purpose. However, SSR markers to separate zygotic seedlings derived from the crossbreeding between ‘Marita unshiu’ (Citrus unshiu) ‘Seongjeon’ and ‘Shiranuhi mandarin’ [(C. unshiu x C. sinensis) x C. reticulata] ‘Hallabong’ have not been developed yet. In this study we tried to identify an effective SSR marker to screen zygotic seedling after crossbreeding between ‘Seongjeon’ and ‘Hallabong’. For this investigation, 387 seedlings were generated from 114 seeds produced from crossing those two varieties. A total of 116 SSR markers were tested to identify a special marker for distinguishing origin, zygotic or nucellar seedling. As a result, two markers, SSR012 and SSR093, were found to be more effective than other markers. These two SSR markers might be useful to select zygotic individuals in crossbreeing between ‘Seongjeon’ and ‘Hallabong’.

자포니카형 조생 찰벼의 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 증진을 위하여 내도복 다수성 조생 찰벼인 상주찰벼 배경에 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자 Xa2, Xa3, xa5, Xa21을 도입한 저항성 계통을 여교배와 벼흰잎마름병 생물검정을 통해 육성하였고, 해당 저항성 유전자를 표지하는 DNA 분자 마커를 이용하여 저항성 유전자 도입 여부를 확인하였으며 우리나라 벼흰잎마름병 균계 네 개와 필리핀 11개 균계를 대상으로 저항성 반응을 조사하였다. Xa2가 도입된 HR24465 계통은 우리나라 K1,K2 균계와 필리핀 race 9a에 저항성을 나타냈으며 Xa3가 도입된 HR24666 계통은 우리나라 K3a와 필리핀 race 6을 제외하고 저항성 및 중도 저항성을 나타냈다. xa5가 도입된 HR24668과 HR24673은 필리핀 race 6을 제외하고 모두 저항성 반응을 나타냈으며 Xa21이 도입된 HR24669는 우리나라 K1 균계와 필리핀 race 10을 제외하고 저항성 및 중도 저항성을 나타냈다. 육성된 계통들은 상주찰벼와 같이 조생이면서 찰벼였고 출수기와 수장, 수수, 정현비율 및 백미수량이 상주찰벼와 차이가 나지 않았다. 상주찰벼 배경에 Xa2, Xa3,xa5, Xa21이 도입된 저항성 계통은 벼흰잎마름병 저항성이 부족한 자포니카형 조생 찰벼의 저항성 강화를 위하여 유용한 육종소재로 활용될 것이다.

This study was carried out to find out the optimum method of preparation of indigo standard solution and its stability, and to investigate the indigo contents in Niram, blue dye extract, from a total of 7 indigo plants and 34 breeding lines of Persicaria tinctoria H. Gross. Proper solvent for indigo standard was dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and appropriate concentration was 1 mg of indigo in 10 mL of DMSO. Absorbance value of UV/Vis Spectrophotometer at 620 nm of standard solution was changed decreasingly 12 hours after the preparation of standard solution irrespective of the storage conditions such as temperature and light. Average value of absorbance of 8-fold diluted standard solutions prepared daily during 16 days was 0.210±0.005, indicating the powder of indigo compound was stable chemically. Calibration curve was made for quantitative analysis of indigo of 7 Niram samples, and indigo contents ranged from 0.69% to 18.76% showing relatively larger variation. Across all 34 breeding lines, the range of indigo content was from 7.9 mg to 56.4 mg per 100 g of fresh leaves, averaging 25.2 mg of indigo content and showing a 47.7% coefficient of variation.

나주재래종과 새로이 선발된 나주2호의 지역별 재배시험 결과, 초장은 나주2호가 다소 컸으며, 분지수는 나주재래종이 나주2호 보다 많은 경향이었다. 엽면적은 나주2호가 더 넓었으며, 엽장폭비도 나주2호가 더 크게 나타나 둥근 잎 특성의 안정성을 보였다. 두 계통의 지상부 생중과 건중은 큰 차이가 없었으나, 지상부 전체에 대한 엽의 무게 비율은 나주2호가 더 높아 색소수율면에서 유리하였다. 인디고(indigo) 성분과 니람(泥藍) 함량은 나주2호가 나주재래종 보다 높게 나타났으며 실크로 생엽 이용 염색을 한 결과 청색을 더 많이 나타냈다. 따라서 엽 수량이 높고 색소 품질이 좋은 나주2호가 쪽 재배에 유리한 계통으로 판단되었다.

In this study, Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) analyses were used to clarify the genetic polymorphisms among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Polymorphic and reproducible bands were produced by 14 primers out of total 30 primers used in this study. Fourteen EST-SSR loci generated a total of 123 bands. Amplified PCR products showed the highly reproducible banding patterns at 110~920 bp. The number of amplified bands for each EST-SSR primers ranged from 2 to 19 with a mean of 8.8 bands. P26 and P35 primers showed 13 and 12 banding patterns, respectively. The number of alleles for each EST-SSR locus ranged from 1.67 to 2.00 with a mean of 1.878 alleles. P34 and P60 primers showed the highest and the lowest genetic polymorphism, respectively. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarity estimated by EST-SSR markers classified Korean cultivars and breeding lines into 4 groups. Group included Gopoong and Chunpoong and 9 breeding lines (55%), group included 2 breeding lines (10%), group included 3 breeding lines (15%), group included Gumpoong and 3 breeding lines (20%). Consequently, the EST-SSR marker developed in this study may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and differentiation of Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines.

These studies were conducted to provide basic information on Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) and to identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. The agronomic characteristics was used to clarify the genetic relationships among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Angle of petiole and number of fibrous root showed a wide variation from 15.0~67.8˚ and 0~5, respectively. The average plant length was 54.2cm with a range of 37.9~64.8cm and the average stem diameter was 5.6mm with a range of 4.0~7.5mm. The average stem length was 31.9cm with a range of 21.8~37.9cm and the average root weight was 38.1 g with a range of 23.0~52.0 g. The 24 Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines were classified into 4 groups based on agronomic characteristics using the complete linkage cluster analysis. The I, II, III and IV groups included the 60.8%, 7.4%, 13.1% and 8.7% of the cultivars and breeding lines, respectively. The breeding lines in group I could be characterized as the group with the highest growth characters and yield components, such as plant length, stem diameter and root weight. The root weight, the yield component, had highly significant positive correlations with stem diameter, plant length and stem length.

복숭아의 기원은 중국으로 알려져 있으며, 저장기간이 짧아 소비자들의 선호도가 낮았다. 이런 이유로 육종가들은 저장성을 높이는 것과 향과 맛을 좋게 하는데 육종 목표를 설정했으며, 국립원예특작과학원 육종가들은 이 목표에 따라 새로운 품종(‘천홍’, ‘수홍’, ‘하홍’, ‘유명’, ‘백미조생’, ‘천향’, ‘진미’, ‘수미’, ‘미스홍’, ‘유미’)을 육성하였다. 국립원예특작과학원 과수과에서는 육성 품종의 보호와 특허권을 확보하기 위해 분자생물학적 마커의

Self-incompatibility (SI) prevents self-fertilization by inhibiting the pollen tube growth of self-pollen. Molecular analysis has revealed that the S locus comprises a number of genes, such as the S-locus glycoprotein (SLG), the S-locus receptor kinase (SRK), and SP11 (SCR). Although molecular markers related to those genes have been developed, a simple S-haplotype detecting method has not been reported due to the highly polymorphic and relatively small coding regions. In this study, the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were used to establish an efficient radish genotyping method. We identified the S-haplotypes of 192 radish accessions using 19 different markers, which proved to be highly reliable. The accessions were assigned to 17 types of S-haplotypes, including 8 types of SRKs and 9 types of SLGs. Since the developed SCAR markers are based on their gene sequences, we could easily identify the S-haplotypes by a single specific band, with the highest frequencies detected for SLG 5, SRK 1, and SLG 1, in order. Among the tested markers, the SLG 1, SRK 1, and SRK 5 markers exhibited high reliability, compared to phenotypic results. Furthermore, we identified the seven types of unreported SLGs using SLG Class -I and -II specific markers. Although the developed SCAR markers still need to be improved for the genotyping of all S-haplotypes, these markers could be helpful for monitoring inbred lines, and for developing the MAS in radish breeding programs.

Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major insect pest of tropical indica and temperate japonica rice in Asia and Africa. A major BPH resistance gene, Bph18 derived from IR65482-7-216-1-2 has been fine mapped on chromosome 12 and confers strong resistance to the Korean biotype of BPH. The Bph18 gene is tightly linked to the STS marker, 7312.T4A and is non-allelic to previously reported resistance genes present on chromosome 12. The Bph18 gene has been transferred into two elite japonica cultivars (Jinbubyeo and Junambyeo) background through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MAB) strategy. Foreground selection using STS markrs linked to the Bph18 gene in advanced backcross progenies confirmed homozygous marker alleles associated with BPH resistance. Background selection of the breeding lines with 260 simple repeat (SSR) markers revealed rapid conversion toward recurrent parent genotypes with less donor chromosomal segments (5.3-16.7%). Major agronomic traits of the progenies were analyzed and some breeding lines have agronomic traits comparable to the recurrent parent. One breeding line (S.523) with multiple-resistance to BPH and major diseases, desirable agronomic traits and grain quality has been recommended for regional testing in Korea. MAB is the suitable strategy to incorporate new genes into susceptible japonica to develop elite breeding lines.