Price-setting research has mainly focused on normative processes. However, a conception of pricing practices in B2B-companies is missing. Information deficits lead pricing managers to deviate from normative processes. We complement and extent normative models by assessing pricing managers’ compensation behavior in cases of information deficits. We propose a typology of approaches to missing price-related information.

토지･건물 배분비율은 부동산의 일괄가격에 대한 토지가격과 건물가격의 구성비율을 의미하는데, 과세표준 산정 및 법원 경매 등 행정 목적으로 활용한다. 본 연구는 단독주택의 실거래가를 기반으로 토지･건물 배분비율을 구하는 방안을 제시하고 그 결과의 활용성을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해서 토지･건물 배분비율에 관한 현행 적용방식과 관련된 선행연구를 검토한 후 가격 배분 모형을 선정하였다. 선정된 모형은 단독주택 실거래 가격에서 토지가격을 공제하는 방식이다. 모형에 투입될 단가 추정을 위해 단독주택 실거래 매매 자료를 분석하여 토지와 건물 가치 비중과 건물의 단가를 산출하였다. 이때 토지가격은 실거래가 와 관련된 다량의 정보를 종합하여 산정한 가격이고, 건물가격은 단독주택 매매가에서 토지가격을 차감한 값이다. 모형에서 산출된 결과를 기반으로 단독주택가격의 토지･건물 배분비율표와 건물단가표를 건물용도별, 지역별, 건물구조별로 세분하여 작성하고 상관관계의 변화 특성을 탐색하였다. 이를 통해 배분비율 자료는 기존에는 얻지 못하는 건물과 토지 가격의 특성에 관한 추가정보를 획득할 수 있는 유용한 보조자료로 활용할 수 있다는 점을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 살충제 파동이라는 부정적인 언론보도가 계란 시장가격 하락에 미치는 동태적 과정을 실증적으로 분석한다. 이를 위하여 다항식시차분포모형을 이용하여 살충제 파동에 관한 부정적 언론보도의 영향이 산지와 소비지에서 어느 정도 상이하게 나타나는지, 영향이 언제까지 지속될 것인지, 영향의 강도가 시간대별로 어느 정도 상이한지를 계측하고, 또한 공급물량 증가에 따른 영향에 비해 살충제 파동의 영향이 어느 정도 되는지를 추정하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 산지가격모형과 소매가격모형 모두 공급량은 산지가격과 반비례 관계인 것으로 나타났다. 산지가격모형의 가격신축성 계수가 소매가격모형의 그것보다 약 2.46배 큰 것으로 나타나 계란 공급량의 변화에 대해 산지가격이 소비지가격보다 상대적으로 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 계란 생산자단체 중심으로 한 공급량 조정이 더 유효한 대응책일 것으로 판단된다. 살충제 파동에 따른 영향을 나타내는 시차분포가중치의 합을 비교해 본 결과, 산지의 경우가 소매지의 경우에 비해 약 2.73배 정도 크게 나타났는데, 이는 살충제 파동의 영향이 소비지보다 산지에서 더 크다는 것을 말해준다. 산란계 사육두수의 지속적인 증가에 따른 계란의 시장가격 하락으로 인한 피해는 소비지보다 산지가 더 크 므로 생산자단체 중심으로 가격 안정을 꾀할 수 있는 유통명령제 도입이 시급하다.

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of combinations of diverse methods notifying price discounts (i.e., reference price, odd price, and discount rate signs) and the relationships among product attribute perception, discount perception, attitude toward product, and purchase intention of product. Experiments were conducted where 12 stimuli of different price discount information notifications regarding T-shirt advertisements were presented to 352 informants. The results showed that notification of each type of discount information increased discount perception, whereas no effect due to the size of letters used in the discount rate notification was found. As more price discount information notifications were used, discount perception tended to become stronger. The results of ANOVA analysis show that both product attribute perception and discount perception affected attitude toward the product. In addition, product purchase intention was determined by attitude toward the product as well as price discount perception. Based on these findings, marketers may want to use a combination of methods of price discount notifications in advertisements to deliver price discount information clearly to consumers. Confirmation of discount information using multiple cues would help consumers to notice and perceive price discount information provided by retailers more effectively. Discount information is crucial for increasing both purchase intention and favorable attitude, therefore, diverse strategies regarding discount information presentations should be developed, tested and applied in the real world of retailing.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between international oil price as a fuel cost in overseas fisheries and skipjack tuna price as a part of main products in overseas fisheries using monthly time series data from 2008 to 2017. The study also tried to analyze the change of fishing profits by fuel cost. For a time series analysis, this study conducted both the unit-root test for stability of data and the Johansen cointegration test for long-term equilibrium relations among variables. In addition, it used not only the Granger causality test to examine interactions among variables, but also the Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model to estimate statistical impacts among variables used in the model. Results of this study are as follows. First, each data on variables was not found to be stationary from the ADF unit-root test and long-term equilibrium relations among variables were not found from a Johansen cointegration test. Second, the Granger causality test showed that the international oil prices would directly cause changes in skipjack tuna prices. Third, the VAR model indicated that the posterior t-2 period change of international oil price would have an statistically significant effect on changes of skipjack tuna prices. Finally, fishing profits from skipjack would be decreased by 0.06% if the fuel cost increases by 1%.

This research examines how inter-price relationships among base and add-on products affect the sales of a new add-on product in the mobile gaming context. Based on theories of price fairness, product familiarity and price-quality relationship, a research model was drawn and tested on a sample of 6,766 weekly observations derived from 74 base games and 514 add-on virtual goods. Our empirical results show that the relative price of a new add-on product, when compared to the base game price, is negatively related to the add-on product sales, but positively related to its sales, when compared to prices of existing add-on products. Furthermore, the inter-price relationships among base and add-on gaming products are moderated by visual richness and game genre. This study provides the implications for IS research and practice.

This study investigated how the image congruity of social commerce and fashion brand types affects purchase intention and how trust and price sensitivity moderate this relationship. National brands, private brands, and non-brands were used as brand types in the present study. The online survey method was used to gather the data, and 232 data samples were analyzed. The results of the research were as follows. Consumers perceived greater image congruity between social commerce and nonbrands, followed by private brands and national brands. The significant perception differences were examined by comparing the mean values. There was a significant positive effect of image congruity of social commerce and non-brands on purchase intention. However, insignificant effects were found for image congruity between social commerce and private brands and national brands. In addition, trust and price sensitivity positively predicted social commerce purchase intention. A significant moderating effect of trust was found on the relationship between purchase intention and image congruity of social commerce and non-brands. A moderating effect of price sensitivity was found on the relationship between purchase intention and image congruity of social commerce and private brands. The findings of the present study offer valuable insights into social commerce concerning implementing diverse fashion brands as well as academic and practical implications.

This study examined whether and how consumers who seek a bargain in their shopping for luxury fashion brands differ from traditional luxury consumers or non-luxury consumers on their market-related attitudes. To do so, this study compared multi-dimensional perceived values, fairness price perceptions, satisfaction with purchase, brand loyalty, and future purchase intention among luxury consumers, luxury-bargain seekers, and non-luxury consumers. Data was obtained from online surveys and the market-related attitudes were compared using an ANOVA test. The comparion of three types of consumers revealed that luxury-bargain seekers and regular luxury consumers are distinct consumer markets. Overall, luxury consumers displayed high perceived values and brand loyalty and were fairly satisfied with the purchase at full-prices. On the other hand, luxury-bargain seekers showed significantly low perceived social value, perceived fairness toward the original price of the brands, and brand loyalty. They were satisfied with the bargain purchase but not likely to purchase the luxury at full-prices in the future. Understanding these distinct types of consumers and targeting them with different product and pricing strategies are important for luxury brands and retailers to expand luxury consumer base without diluting their brands’ prestige image. Potential marketing strategies based on the findings of this study were suggested.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived risk, community usage motive, and price sensitivity of customers who purchase children’s wear directly from overseas on customer satisfaction. Specifically, this study is aimed at verifying the moderating effect of price sensitivity when perceived risk and community usage motive significantly influence customer satisfaction. A survey was conducted among consumers who experienced directly purchasing children’s wear from overseas and engaging in communities. A total of 415 questionnaires were distributed, which 41 responses were insincere and excluded; thus, 374 responses were analyzed. Results of this study are as follows. First, the analysis on how perceived risk and community usage motive influence customer satisfaction reveals the significant influence of economic and social psychological risk on customer satisfaction. Moreover, informational, recreational, and social emotional usage motive have a significant influence on customer satisfaction. Second, the effect of perceived risk and community usage motive on customer satisfaction based on different levels of price sensitivity was verified. As a result, delivery and economic risks affect customer satisfaction for consumers with high price sensitivity. Moreover, recreational usage motive has a significant influence on customer satisfaction for high price sensitive consumers. In conclusion, perceived risk negatively impacts customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is essential to provide a system that can reduce the perceived risk of consumers who purchase children’s wear directly from overseas.

Modern investment theory has empirically proved that stock returns can be explained by several factors such as market risk, firm size, and book-to-market ratio. Other unknown factors affecting stock returns are also believed to still exist yet to be found. We believe that one of such factors is the operational efficiency of firms in transforming inputs to outputs, considering the fact that operations is a fundamental and primary function of any type of businesses. To support this belief, this study intends to empirically study the relationship between firm efficiency and stock price performance. Firm efficiency is measured using data envelopment analysis (DEA) with inputs and outputs obtained from financial statements. We employ cross-efficiency evaluation to enhance the discrimination power of DEA with a secondary objective function of aggressive formulation. Using the CAPM-based performance regression model, we test the performance of equally weighted portfolios of different sizes selected based upon DEA cross-efficiency scores along with a buy & hold trading strategy. For the empirical test, we collect financial data of domestic firms listed in KOSPI over the period of 2000~2016 from well-known financial databases. As a result, we find that the porfolios with highly efficient firms included outperform the benchmark market portfolio after controlling for the market risk, which indicates that firm efficiency plays a important role in explaining stock returns.

본 연구는 제2차 국립공원 구역조정 시기(2010년~2011년) 해제된 지역의 용도지역, 건축물 조성 등 실제 건축 행위, 토지이용환경, 개별공시지가 등 사회･환경적 요인의 변화를(2011년→2018년), 같은 기간 존치지역의 사회･환경 요인과 비교를 통해 구역조정 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 그리하여 제2차 국립공원 구역조정의 문제점을 파악하고 제3차 구역조정시의 대안적 시사점을 모색하고자 하였다. 해제지역의 용도지역은 계획･생산･보전관리지역으로의 변화 가 약 80.4%로 가장 높았고, 농림지역으로 변화가 15.6%였으며 4.0%는 자연환경보전지역으로 유지되어 변화가 없었다. 건축물 조성 규모 변화는 해제지역은 2011년 이후 약 106m²의 평균 건축이 이루어 진 반면 존치지역은 91m²의 평균 건축이 진행된 것으로 분석되었다. 토지이용환경의 변화 요소로써 자연지역에서 인공지역으로의 변화율은 해제지 역이 1.9%였고 존치지역은 0.7%로써 해제지역의 변화율이 높았다. 개별공시지가는 해제지역의 증가량은 11,911원이 었고 존치지역은 4,413원으로 두 지역 모두 상승하였으며, 두 지역 간 공시지가 차이는 약 2.5배에 달했다. 국립공원 내 지역주민의 사유재산권에 대한 문제는 중요한 과제이나 제2차 국립공원 구역조정으로 상당수 해소 되었으므로 이후에는 공원용도지구계획과 공원시설계획에 대한 면밀한 분석으로 합리적 대안을 제시함으로써 공원 주민의 편익을 도모할 필요가 있다. 또한 공원관리청이 주민과 상생 협력하고 국립공원내 거주민으로서 자부심을 가질 수 있도록 지원 체계 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This study conducted to predict the stock market prices based on the assumption that internet news articles might have an impact and effect on the rise and fall of stock market prices. The internet news articles were tested to evaluate the accuracy by comparing predicted values of the actual stock index and the forecasting models of the companies. This paper collected stock news from the internet, and analyzed and identified the relationship with the stock price index. Since the internet news contents consist mainly of unstructured texts, this study used text mining technique and multiple regression analysis technique to analyze news articles. A company H as a representative automobile manufacturing company was selected, and prediction models for the stock price index of company H was presented. Thus two prediction models for forecasting the upturn and decline of H stock index is derived and presented. Among the two prediction models, the error value of the prediction model ① is low, and so the prediction performance of the model ① is relatively better than that of the prediction model ②. As the further research, if the contents of this study are supplemented by real artificial intelligent investment decision system and applied to real investment, more practical research results will be able to be developed.

In this paper, we investigate if the increasing Chonsei price is directly affected by housing lease financing. We use monthly Chonsei price, buy and sell price, industry price index, liquidity aggregates of finance institutions (Lf), lease guarantee ratio, and mortgage rate, and they are from January, 2008 to August, 2013. As a result, we find that all variables are non-stationary and those variables have co-integration relationship to one another. The result of the Granger causality shows that there exist exogenous relationships in industry price index, Lf, mortgage rate, lease guarantee ratio, Chonsei price, and buy and sell price. When we implement the VECM, the Chonsei price response permanently positive if one unit of standard deviation of the lease guarantee ratio increases. The explanation ratio of the Chonsei price is influenced by the rank of Chonsei price itself, mortgage rate, lease guarantee ratio, industrial production index, Lf, and buy and sell price. Therefore, we can conclude that housing lease finance has a direct influence on the Chonsei price.

Thanks to their competitive price, store brands have important opportunities in emerging countries where customers have greater experience with modern retail products. However, less research has been devoted to the effect of store brand price while it is well known that price image is a critical factor that drives purchase behavior. The aim of this research is to understand how store brand price image factors (relative price, perceived benefit and perceived value) and perceived risk dimensions (functional and financial) affect attitude toward store brands in Colombia. Store brand relative price, store brand perceived benefit and store brand perceived value affect significantly attitude toward store brands in the Colombian context. However, neither store brand perceived functional risk, not store brand perceived financial risk affect attitude toward store brands. These results highlight the specificity of Colombia among emerging countries and have both theoretical and managerial implications.