PURPOSES :This study deals with traffic accidents involving trucks. The objective of this study is to develop a traffic accident model for trucks at roundabouts.METHODS :To achieve its objective, this study gives particular attention to develop appropriate models using Poisson and negative binomial regression models. Traffic accident data from 2007 to 2014 were collected from TAAS data set of road traffic authority. Thirteen explanatory variables such as geometry and traffic volume were used.RESULTS :The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) two statistically significant Poisson models (ρ2 = 0.398 and 0.435) were developed, and (2) the analysis revealed the common variables to be traffic volume, number of exit lanes, speed breakers, and truck apron width.CONCLUSIONS :Our modeling reveals that increasing the number of speed breakers and speed limit signs, and widening the truck apron width are important for reducing the number of truck accidents at roundabouts.

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to develop a traffic accident model of a roundabout based on the type of land use. METHODS : The traffic accident data from 2010 to 2014 were collected from the“ traffic accident analysis system (TAAS)”data set of the Road Traffic Authority. A multiple linear regression model was utilized in this study to analyze the accidents based on the type of land use. Variables such as geometry and traffic volume were used to develop the accident models based on the type of land use. RESULTS : The main results are as follows. First, the null hypothesis that the type of land use does not affect the number of accidents is rejected. Second, four accident models based on the type of land use have been developed, which are statistically significant (high R2 values). Finally, the total entering and circulating volumes, area of the central island, number of speed breakers, mean number of entry lanes, diameter of the inscribed circle, mean width of the entry lane, area of the roundabout, bus stops, and number of circulatory roadways are analyzed to see how they affect the accident for each type of land use. CONCLUSIONS: The development of the accident models based on the type of land use has revealed that the accident factors at a roundabout are different for each case. Thus, more speed breakers in commercial areas and an inscribed circle of proper diameter in commercial and residential areas are determined to be important for reducing the number of accidents. Additionally, expanding the width of the entry lanes, decreasing the area of the roundabouts in residential areas, and reducing the conflict factors such as bus stops in green spaces are determined to be important.

PURPOSES : Visibility of lanes on the road improves as retro-reflectivity rises. This helps reduce traffic accidents at nighttime or in bad weather. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of improved visibility on reduction of traffic accidents when the color of the lane in the median of the highway was changed from yellow to white. METHODS: In order to evaluate the accident reduction effect of the white left shoulder line, Hauer (1997)'s Comparison-Group method was chosen as an analysis methodology. The JungBu-2 highway, which is equipped with the white left shoulder line and is in trial operation, was chosen as a target for analysis. Data of accidents for 10 months before and after installation was collected and analyzed. In addition to the number of accidents, the types of accidents were classified into nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions. The accident reduction effect of improved visibility of lanes was analyzed. RESULTS : The analysis’finding showed that installation of the white left shoulder line decreased the number of accidents by 28%. Moreover, improvement in visibility was effective in reducing nighttime accidents by 67.63%, accidents in bad weather by 55.19%, and median collisions by 48.55%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the analysis’results in this study, it was concluded that white left shoulder line on the freeway contributed to reduce traffic accidents, especially nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions.

PURPOSES : Low visibility caused by dark surroundings at nighttime affects the likelihood of accidents, and various efforts, such as installing road safety facilities, have been made to reduce accidents at night. Despite these efforts, the nighttime severity index (SI) in Korea was higher than the daytime SI during 2011-2014. This study determined the factors affecting daytime and nighttime accident severity through a discriminant analysis. METHODS: Discriminant analysis. RESULTS: First, drowsiness, lack of attention, and lighting facilities affected both daytime and nighttime accident severity. Accidents were found to be caused by a low ability to recognize the driving conditions and a low obstacle avoidance capability. Second, road conditions and speeding affected only the daytime accident severity. Third, failure to maintain a safe distance significantly affected daytime accident severity and nonsignificantly affected nighttime accident severity. The majority of such accidents were caused by rear-end collisions of vehicles driving in the same direction; given the low relative speed difference in such cases, the shock imparted by the accidents was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Accidents caused by a failure to maintain a safe distance has lower severity than do accidents caused by other factors.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to analyze factors affecting traffic accident severity for determining countermeasures on freeway climbing lanes. METHODS : In this study, an ordered probit model, which is a widely used discrete choice model for categorizing crash severity, was employed. RESULTS: Results suggest that factors affecting traffic accident severity on climbing lanes include speed, drowsy driving, grade of uphill 3%, gender (male offender and male victim), and cloud weather. CONCLUSIONS : Several countermeasures are proposed for improving traffic safety on freeway climbing lanes based on the analysis of crash severity. More extensive analysis with a larger data set and various modeling techniques are required for generalizing the results.

PURPOSES: This study deals with the traffic accidents classified by the traffic analysis zone. The purpose is to develop the accident density models by using zonal traffic and socioeconomic data. METHODS : The traffic accident density models are developed through multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, three multiple linear models were developed. The dependent variable was traffic accident density, which is a measure of the relative distribution of traffic accidents. The independent variables were various traffic and socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSIONS : Three traffic accident density models were developed, and all models were statistically significant. Road length, trip production volume, intersections, van ratio, and number of vehicles per person in the transportation-based model were analyzed to be positive to the accident. Residential and commercial area ratio and transportation vulnerability ratio obtained using the socioeconomic-based model were found to affect the accident. The major arterial road ratio, trip production volume, intersection, van ratio, commercial ratio, and number of companies in the integrated model were also found to be related to the accident.

PURPOSES : This study tries to develop the accident models of 4-legged signalized intersections in Busan Metropolitan city with random parameter in count model to understanding the factors mainly influencing on accident frequencies. METHODS: To develop the traffic accidents modeling, this study uses RP(random parameter) negative binomial model which enables to take account of heterogeneity in data. By using RP model, each intersection’s specific geometry characteristics were considered. RESULTS : By comparing the both FP(fixed parameter) and RP modeling, it was confirmed the RP model has a little higher explanation power than the FP model. Out of 17 statistically significant variables, 4 variables including traffic volumes on minor roads, pedestrian crossing on major roads, and distance of pedestrian crossing on major/minor roads are derived as having random parameters. In addition, the marginal effect and elasticity of variables are analyzed to understand the variables’impact on the likelihood of accident occurrences. CONCLUSIONS :This study shows that the uses of RP is better fitted to the accident data since each observations’specific characteristics could be considered. Thus, the methods which could consider the heterogeneity of data is recommended to analyze the relationship between accidents and affecting factors(for example, traffic safety facilities or geometrics in signalized 4-legged intersections).

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to verify traffic accident injury severity factors for elderly drivers and the relative relationship of these factors. METHODS: To verify the complicated relationship among traffic accident injury severity factors, this study employed a structural equation model (SEM). To develop the SEM structure, only the severity of human injuries was considered; moreover, the observed variables were selected through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The number of fatalities, serious injuries, moderate injuries, and minor injuries were selected for observed variables of severity. For latent variables, the accident situation, environment, and vehicle and driver factors were respectively defined. Seven observed variables were selected among the latent variables. RESULTS: This study showed that the vehicle and driver factor was the most influential factor for accident severity among the latent factors. For the observed variable, the type of vehicle, type of accident, and status of day or night for each latent variable were the most relative observed variables for the accident severity factor. To verify the validity of the SEM, several model fitting methods, including , GFI, AGFI, CFI, and others, were applied, and the model produced meaningful results. CONCLUSIONS: Based on an analysis of results of traffic accident injury severity for elderly drivers, the vehicle and driver factor was the most influential one for injury severity. Therefore, education tailored to elderly drivers is needed to improve driving behavior of elderly driver.

PURPOSES : The purposes of this study are to compare the day and night characteristics and to develop the models of traffic accidents. in Rural Signalized Intersections METHODS : To develop day and night traffic accident models using the Negative Binomial Model, which was constructed for 156 signalized intersections of rural areas, through field investigations and casualty data from the National Police Agency. RESULTS : Among a total of 17 variances, the daytime traffic accident estimate models identified a total of 9 influence factors of traffic accidents. In the case of nighttime traffic accident models, 11 influence factors of traffic accidents were identified. CONCLUSIONS: By comparing the two models, it was determined that the number of main roads was an independent factor for daytime accidents. For nighttime accidents, several factors were independently involved, including the number of entrances to sub-roads, whether left turn lanes existed in major roads, the distances of pedestrian crossings to main roads and sub-roads, lighting facilities, and others. It was apparent that if the same situation arises, the probability of an accident occurring at night is higher than during the day because the speed of travel through intersections in rural areas is somewhat higher at night than during the day.

도로교통사고에서 독일의 판례에 의해 형성․발전된 신뢰원칙은 스스로 교통규칙을 준수한 운전자는 다른 교통관여자가 교통규칙을 준수할 것이라고 신뢰하면 족하며, 교통규칙에 위반하여 비이성적으로 행동할 것까지 예견하고 이에 대한 방어조치를 취할 의무는 없다는 원칙이다. 이러한 신뢰원칙은 타인의 적절한 행동을 바탕에 두고 행하여지는 업무에서 발생되었다는 점으로 보아, 도로교통에만 적용될 수 있는 것은 아니다. 따라서 오늘날 일정한 목적을 실현하기 위해 공동작업을 요하는 기계조작이나 공장운영과 같은 기업활동이나 의료행위 분야에도 신뢰원칙의 적용이 점차 확대되고 있다. 그러나 바다를 무대로 한 무지향성을 지닌 해상교통의 특수성, 유지선의 협력동작의무 등 해상 관련 법규상의 문제, 신뢰원칙이 적용되기 위한 사회적 환경조건 구비 미흡 등을 이유로 해상교통에서 신뢰원칙을 적용하기 힘들다는 주장이 있으며, 판례 또한 해상교통사고에서만큼은 신뢰원칙을 쉽게 적용하지 않고 있다. 선박은 도로교통과 달리 타를 이용하여 방향을 바꾸는데, 물 위에서 이루어지는 교통행위이기 때문에 타를 움직여 그 타효에 의해 선박이 반응하는 데 시간차가 존재한다. 또한, 선박은 자동차와 달리 제동장치가 없으므로 전방에 갑작스러운 선박의 출현이나 장애물 등을 피하기 위해 기관을 역전시켜 그 전진 타력을 제어할 필요가 있고, 추진력이 있는 경우에만 자력으로 회두할 수 있으며 기관의 정지시에는 자력으로 회두할 수 없는 운항상 특성으로 인해 해상교통 관여자들은 다른 교통관여자가 항법 관계를 준수하리라는 것에 대한 강력한 신뢰가 필요하다. 또한 선박은 다른 교통수단에 비해 운송할 수 있는 화물의 양이 매우 크고, 가격경쟁력이 뛰어나 국제무역과 연안화물운송에 없어서는 안될 중요한 교통수단으로 이용되고 있다. 특히 오늘날 급속한 과학기술의 발달로 선박의 대형화․고속화가 가능해짐에 따라 우리나라 수출입 교역량의 대부분이 선박에 의해 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 사회적 유용성과 필요성으로 인한 공공이익을 고려하여 해상교통 관여자에게 다른 사람의 적법한 행위를 신뢰할 수 있게 함으로써 과실범의 처벌을 완화하고 주의의무를 합리적으로 정하여 원활한 교통을 가능하게 할 필요가 있다. 이러한 관점에서 해상교통사고에서 신뢰원칙의 적극적인 적용이 필요하다.요컨대 해상교통사고에서 신뢰원칙을 합리적으로 적용함으로써 해상교통 관여자가 선박의 항법규정을 준수하면 상대방도 이를 지킬 것이라는 신뢰를 바탕으로 선박의 안전운항을 보장하여 해양사고를 줄여 나가야 할 것이다.

This study investigates the delay declaration of the traffic insurance accident which is focused on a business truck causing the traffic insurance accident. The type of the delay declaration is classified as 15 types and it differs in level of payment of insurance money. It is most important that the support policy of government and the self-help of related business to reduce the delay declaration and pursue progressive solution. Moreover, it is essential not only introducing the strict regulation system but also adapting the various victim protection system.

PURPOSES : This research is to evaluate the effects of zig-zag marking. METHODS : Based on the literature review, This research adopt Comparison Group method which was developed by Hauer. RESULTS : The findings are as follows. Effectiveness of treatment at all site 1.06, intersection 0.92, median bus lane 1.93, school zone 0.50, below 6-lane 0.48, above 6-lane 1.19, cat vs person 0.57, car vs car 1.36, car only 1.29. CONCLUSIONS : Though the analysis, it was founded that zig-zag marking on the small scale road(below 6-lane) and school zone contribute to reduce traffic accidents(effectiveness of the treatment : 0.50, 0.48). But the accidents at large scale road and median bus lane where installed zig-zag marking demonstrated negative result.(effectiveness of the treatment indicates exceed 1.0).

본 연구는 평면선형과 종단선형이 겹친 복합선형 구간에서 복합선형요소와 교통사고와의 특성을 파악하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 설계속도 및 제한속도가 100km/h인 4차로 고속도로 중 평면곡선부를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 기하구조자료는 한국도로공사 "지리도형정보시스템" 자료를 이용하였고 교통사고자료는 "고속도로 교통사고 통계' 자료를 활용하였다. 분석결과, 종단곡선이 없는 경우가 종단곡선이 있는 경우보다 사고율이 높게 나타났으며, 종단곡선이 1개인 경우가 종단곡선이 2개 이상인 경우보다 사고율이 높게 나타났다. 종단곡선이 1개인 경우, 오목종단곡선(SAG) 구간이 볼록종단곡선(CREST) 구간보다 사고율이 높게 나타났으며, 평면곡선부 이전 선형이 직선부인 경우가 곡선부인 경우보다 사고율이 높게 나타났다. 특히 노면상태가 습기(강우)일 때에는 평면곡선내 오목종단곡선인 경우이거나 평면곡선방향이 좌향구간의 경우 교통사고와 관련성이 높음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 도로의 안전성을 높이기 위해 3차원적인 복합선형 조건을 고려한 도로 선형 설계의 중요성을 제시하였다는 점에서 의미가 있을 것이다.

최근 고속도로 사고발생량은 감소하고 있는 반면 치사율은 증가하는 추세임에 따라 고속도로의 교통사고 감소 및 안전성 향상을 위한 많은 노력이 요구된다. 특히, 고속도로의 경우 사고다발지점의 등급별 관리기준을 선정하여 관리하고 있어 이에 대한 등급별 사고 영향 인자를 파악하는 것이 세부적으로 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 가장 이용률이 높은 경부고속도로를 대상으로 해당구간 내 사고지점에 대한 등급별 데이터를 기준으로 주변환경 요인 중 교통사고에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검토하고, 사고특성을 분석하여 사고등급을 결정지을 수 있는 사고예측모형을 개발하였다. 사고관련 변수 중 고정변수인 기하구조를 기준으로 종속변수와 독립변수의 특성을 고려한 수량화이론 제2류 기법을 이용하여 모형을 구축한 결과, 사고등급에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 평면선형의 경우 승합차종과 차대 사람이, 종단구배는 트레일러 특수차량과 차대 사람, 방책시설은 주시태만과 흐린 날씨가 공통인자로 분석되었다.

본 연구는 신호교차로 교통사고예측모형 구축 과정 중 일반적으로 제한된 변수의 선정 및 모형의 구축에만 주로 초점이 맞추어진 기존 방법론의 문제점을 개선하고, 자료조사 및 수집 과정에서 발생하는 자료의 불확실한 상태를 인정하면서 자료의 불확실성을 최소화하여 이용할 수 있는 방법론을 개발하는데 연구의 주안점을 두었다. 퍼지추론이론과 신경망이론을 이용한 모형을 구축하였고, 마지막으로 구축된 퍼지추론이론 모형 및 신경망이론 모형과 기존 회귀모형인 포아송 회귀모형간의 통계적인 검증과 실제 Data를 이용한 모형의 적정성을 검토하였다. 모형의 통계적인 검증시 기존모형에 비해 퍼지추론모형과 신경망이론모형이 더 설명력이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 검증에서도 퍼지추론이론과 신경망이론이 적절한 것으로 나타났으며 기존모형보다 사고건수를 예측하는 설명력이 높은 것으로 입증되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모형은 계획 및 운영단계에서 신호교차로의 안전성을 측정하는데 활용될 수 있으며, 궁극적으로는 신호교차로에서 교통사고를 줄이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

이 연구는 청주시의 가로구간 교통사고를 다루고 있다. 연구의 목적은 가로구간의 기능별 사고모형을 개발하는 데 있다. 이를 위해서 이 연구는 전체 472개의 세부구간으로 분리된 주간선도로와 보조간선도로의 사고 자료를 이용하여 적합한 모형을 개발하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주간선과 보조간선도로의 사고특성에 대한 t 검정은 두 도로의 사고건수와 EPDO에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 기능별 사고모형 개발이 적절한 것으로 분석된다. 둘째, 주간선도로의 EPDO와 사고건수는 모두 ZINB모형이 적합한 것으로 분석된다. 셋째, 보조간선도로 EPDO는 ZINB모형, 그리고 사고건수는 ZIP모형이 최적인 것으로 분석된다. 마지막으로 주간선도로 사고모형(ZINB)의 공통변수는 교통량과 굴곡점수, 보조간선도로의 EPDO모형(ZINB)과 사고건수모형(ZIP) 공통변수는 평균종단경사인 것으로 평가된다.

고령화가 진행될수록 고령운전자의 수 역시 증가될 것으로 예상되어 향후 고령운전자에 의한 교통사고는 급증할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 고속도로 교통사고 발생시 고령층과 비고령층의 구분에 따른 교통사고 특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과 비고령층에 비해 고령층에 작용하는 영향요인이 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 로짓모형을 통해 비고령층과 고령층의 Odds Ratio를 분석하여 사고영향요인에 따른 차이점을 알아보았으며 고령운전자의 사고 분석 모형을 개발하였다. 비고령층에 비해 곡선구간 및 절토구간, 노면의 습기상태일 때 고령운전자의 사고위험이 높은 것으로 나타났다.