The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is classified exotic quarantine pest in Australia and EU, soSWD-free must be supported by evidence of surveys and phytosanitary measures in exported host agricultural commoditiesin Korea. From a quarantine control point of view, SWD is importantly considered as model insect pest for exotic fruitflies (Bactrocera dorsalis) in Korea as well because of similarity in ecological cycles. In evaluations of ethyl formate(EF) only and combined cold treatment to kill eggs and larvae of SWD, the combined EF fumigation applied at LCt50%(50% killed lethal concentration X time) and cold treatement (5℃) for > 5 days showed the promise to new conceptfor eradicating quarantine pest and these could be helpful to pre-develop exotic fruit fly management in Korea.

The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) or concentration treatment or sodium hydrogen carbonate addition on microbial and quality properties of cold drip liquid coffee were investigated during storage at room temperature. Cold drip liquid coffee was determined to pH, acidity, general bacteria, and Y&M (Yeast and Molds) according to HHP treatment or adding 0.2% sodium hydrogen carbonate for 40 days storage at 20°C. Also, an equivalent mixture of concentrated coffee and cold drip liquid coffee or liquid coffee with 0.2% sodium hydrogen carbonate was used for determining the sensory evaluation, due-trio and preference test. The cold drip liquid coffee with 0.2% sodium hydrogen carbonate had higher pH and lower titratable acidity than the control during 40 days storage at 20°C. Total viable cell and Y&M counts of cold drip liquid coffee added with 0.2% sodium hydrogen carbonate or treated by HHP at 300 MPa for 25 min were lower than the control during storage at 20°C. The result of the due-trio and preference tests shows that there was no significant difference between cold drip liquid coffee added to 0.2% sodium hydrogen carbonate and the control or between the equivalent mixture of concentrated coffee with cold drip liquid coffee and the control. As a results, Cold drip liquid coffee treated by HHP, concentrated by evaporation, and added to sodium hydrogen carbonate has a potential to extend a shelf life at ambient temperature storage.

Effects of dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma (DACP) treatment on the inhibition of Salmonella and the storability of grape tomato were investigated. Grape tomatoes, with or without inoculation with a cocktail of three strains of Salmonella (~8 log CFU/g tomato), were packaged in a polyethylene terephthalate commercial clamshell container and cold plasma-treated at 35 kVat 1.1 kHz for 3 min using an DACP treatment system equipped with a pin-type high-voltage electrode. DACP treatment resulted in ~1 log CFU/tomato reduction of Salmonella, irrespectively of the size of container (316, 595vs. 758 cm3), the number of grape tomatoes in the container (3, 7, vs. 11), and the position of the tomato in the container(P > 0.05).Rolling integrated during treatment significantly increased the Salmonella reduction rates to 3.1±0.3 and 3.3±0.8 log CFU/tomato in the single-layer and double-layer configurations of the tomato samples in the container (992 cm3), respectively. Rolling-adopted DACP initially reduced the number of total mesophilic aerobes and yeast and molds in the double layer configuration of tomato samples by 1.3±0.3 and 1.5±0.2 log CFU/tomato, respectively, without altering the color and firmness of the tomatoes. The growth of Salmonella, total aerobes, and yeast and molds on DACP-treated grape tomatoes was effectively prevented during storage at 10 °C. DACP treatment did not influence the tomato color index (a*/b*), firmness, weight loss, pH, total soluble solid content, and lycopene concentration of grape tomatoes at 10 and 25 °C (P> 0.05). DACP treatment holds promise as a post-packaging process for improving microbial safety against Salmonella and storability of fresh grape tomatoes.

딸기재배에서는 육묘가 차지하는 비중이 크다. 육묘의 제일 첫 단계는 모주의 관리부터 시작되는데, 재배농가에서는 가능한 한 건강한 다수의 자묘를 확보하는데 노력을 기울인다. 자묘의 발생에 관여하는 제한요인은 여러 가지가 있지만, 딸기의 모주는 겨울 동안 충분한 휴면을 하는 것이 중요하다. 충분한 저온을 경과한 모주에서 많은 런너와 자묘가 발생한다는 사실은 알려져 있지만 국내에서의 연구결과는 전혀 볼 수가 없다. 최근에 국내에서 육성된 품종을 이용한 딸기 모주의 저온경과의 효과에 대한 연구가 필요하여 본 실험을 실시하였다. 국내 육성 품종인 ‘설향’, ‘매향’, ‘싼타’ 딸기를 이용하여 2012년과 2013년 2년간 반복하여 실험을 하였다. 모주의 온도처리는 5oC 이하에서 1,000시간 이상 경과한 저온 처리 묘(이하 저온처리묘), 5oC 이하에서 1,000시간 이상 경과 시킨 후 온상에서 2주간 보온한 저온+보온처리 묘(이하 저온+보온처리 묘), 겨울 동안 온상에서 보관된 온상 묘, 봄철까지 수확을 진행한 재배 묘의 4가지 처리구로 구분하였다. 2012년의 실험 결과에서는, ‘설향’ 품종은 저온, 저온+보온 처리구 그리고 재배 처리구에서 자묘수가 많았고, 온상 처리구에서 유의하게 적었다. ‘매향’은 저온+보온 처리구가 월등하게 자묘가 많았고, 온상 처리구와 재배 처리구는 유의하게 적었다. ‘싼타’는 모든 처리구에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2013년의 실험 결과에서는 ‘설향’과 ‘매향’ 품종은 저온 처리구와 저온 +가온 처리구가 온상 처리구와 재배 처리구 보다 자묘 발생이 통계적으로 유의하게 많았다. ‘싼타’도 비슷한 경향을 나타내었는데, 저온+보온 처리구는 온상 처리구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 자묘수가 많았다. 본 실험의 결과에서 실험년도와 품종 간에 차이는 있었지만 모주를 겨울동안 충분하게 저온을 거치도록 하는 것이 자묘 발생에 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

Bumblebees are important pollinators of crops and wildflowers. Bumblebees generally produce one generation per year. One of the key stages for year-round rearing of bumblebees is breaking diapause. To evaluate the effects of a combination method of CO2-narcosis and cold treatment to break the diapause of B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens, we determined whether this method affected their ability to establish a colony after the diapause break. The diapause treatment regimes that were utilized were CO2(CO2– narcosis), CT-1M(cold treatment at 5°C for 1 month), CT-1M-CO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 1 month), CT-2M-CO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 2 months), CT-2M (cold treatment for 2 months), CT-2.5M-CO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 2.5 months) and CT-2.5M (cold treatment at 5°C for 2.5 months). In view of the effects on the colony developmental characteristics of B. ignitus queens, the most favorable diapause treatment was CT-1M-CO2. A combination method of CO2– narcosis and cold temperature treatment yielded better results than that of single CO2–narcosis or cold temperature treatment on the colony development of diapause-broken B. ignitus queens. In the case of B. terrestris queens, we concluded that a combination method of CO2 and cold temperature treatment yielded better results than that of a single cold-temperature(up to2 months) treatment. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the combined application of CO2 and cold temperature was a favorable method for the colony development of diapause-broken B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens compared with only CO2–narcosisorcoldtemperaturetreatments. A combination method of CO2 and cold treatment reduced the side effect of CO2–narcosis and shortened the duration of cold treatment by at least 1month.

본 연구는 수확전 수체살포용 1-MCP(Harvista) 처리가 국내 육성품종인 ‘감홍’ 사과의 품질과 저장성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 수체살포용 1-MCP 처리 후 수확시에 과실의 산 함량은 1-MCP 수확 10일전 처리가 무처리에 비하여 높았으나 다른 과실품질 요인들은 차이가 없었다. 그리고 저장 동안 ‘감홍’ 사과의 품질변화를 보면 저장기간이 길어질 수록 1-MCP 처리 과실들의 경도와 산 함량이 무처리 과실보다 높게 유지되었으나 가용성고형물 함량은 차이가 없었다. 내생 에틸렌 발생량은 수확시에는 처리간 차이가 없이 낮은 에틸렌발생을 보였으나 무처리 과실들은 저장 180일에는 58.31μL · L−1로 급격히 증가한 반면 1- MCP 처리 과실들은 18.24~25.03μL · L−1로 현저히 낮은 발생량을 보였다. 따라서 ‘감홍’ 사과에 수확전 수체살포용 1-MCP 처리가 저장기간동안 과실의 품질을 유지하는데 효과적이었다.

아티초크는 가을에 정식하여 겨울철 월동 중에 화아분화가 이듬해 5월경에 수확이 가능하다. 본 시험은 아티초크 육묘 중 저온처리를 하여 생산시기를 7월로 늦추고자 수행하였다. 시험품종은 ‘그린글로브’ 및 ‘임페리얼스타’를 이용하였다. 파종은 72공 플러그 트레이를 이용하여 2월 10일에 파종하였고 4주간 17oC에서 육묘한 후 3, 6, 9, 12oC에서 4주간 육묘하였으며 4월 8일에 노지 포장에 정식하였다. 재식거리는 이랑폭 150cm에 주간거리 50cm(1,523주/10a), 1조식으로 하였다. 온도 처리별로는 6oC 처리에서 화뢰 발생이 63%로 가장 많았고 12oC에서는 33%로 가장 낮았으며 무처리의 경우는 5%의 화뢰가 형성되어 저온에 민감한 품종임을 알 수 있었다. ‘그린글로브’ 품종의 경우 9oC에서 화뢰 형성율이 가장 높아 28%였고 12oC에서는 10%로 가장 낮았으며 무처리의 경우는 화뢰가 전혀 형성되지 않았다. 화뢰중은 ‘임페리얼스타’ 품종이 97g 내외였고 ‘그린글로브’ 86g 내외로 자랐다. 수량은 ‘임페리얼스타’에서 215kg, ‘그린글로브’에서는 108kg을 보였다.

This study investigated the effects of annealing environment for the densification and purification properties of pure titanium coating layer manufactured by cold spraying. The annealing was conducted at /1 h and three kinds of environments of vacuum, Ar gas, and mixture gas were controlled. Cold sprayed Ti coating layer (as sprayed) represented 6.7% of porosity and 228 HV of hardness, showing elongated particle shapes (severe plastic deformation) perpendicular to injection direction. Regardless of gas environments, all thermally heat treated coating layers consisted of pure -Ti and minimal oxide. Vacuum environment during heat treatment represented superior densification properties (3.8% porosity, 156.7 HV) to those of Ar gas (5.3%, 144.5 HV) and mixture gas (5.5%, 153.1 HV). From the results of phase analysis (XRD, EPMA, SEM, EDS), it was found that the vacuum environment during heat treatment could be effective for reducing oxide contents (purification) in the Ti coating layer. The characteristic of microstructural evolution with heat treatment was found to be different at three different gas environments. The controlling method for improving densification and purification in the cold sprayed Ti coating material was also discussed.

This study attempted to manufacture a Cu-15 at.%Ga coating layer via the cold spray process and investigated the effect of heat treatment environment on the properties of cold sprayed coating material. Three kinds of heat treatment environments, +argon, pure argon, and vacuum were used in this study. Annealing treatments were conducted at /1 hr. With the cold sprayed coating layer, pure -Cu and small amounts of were detected in the XRD, EDS, EPMA analyses. Porosity significantly decreased and hardness also decreased with increasing annealing temperature. The inhomogeneous dendritic microstructure of cold sprayed coating material changed to the homogeneous and dense one (microstructural evolution) with annealing heat treatment. Oxides near the interface of particles could be reduced by heat treatment especially in vacuum and argon environments. Vacuum environment during heat treatment was suggested to be most effective one to improve the densification and purification properties of cold sprayed Cu-15 at.%Ga coating material.

자생나리 종자의 발아율은 20-25oC에서 높았다. 이 온도에서의 솔나리, 땅나리, 털중나리와 하늘나리의 발 아율은 거의 100%, 참나리와 중나리는 각각 88.0%와 73.0%였다. 반면 말나리, 섬말나리와 하늘말나리의 발 아율은 34.0-54.0%로 낮았다. 발아는 대부분 15oC에서 지연되어 발아율이 높은 종일수록 발아소요일수가 단 축되었다. 발아와 일장과는 대체로 무관하였으나 장일 하에서 하늘나리는 촉진된 반면, 말나리와 섬말나리는 억제되었다. 발아속도도 일장효과가 적었으나 중나리는 일장이 길수록 촉진되었고, 섬말나리는 지연되는 경향 이었다. PGRs 온탕처리의 효과를 보면, 땅나리, 솔나리, 털중나리, 참나리와 하늘나리의 발아율은 무처리와 차 이가 없었다. 그러나 중나리는 BA에 의해 발아율이 향상 되었다. 중나리와 참나리는 습윤냉장 기간이 길어짐에 따라 발아율이 향상된 반면, 말나리와 섬말나리는 저하 되었다. 발아소요일수는 습윤냉장 기간이 길어질수록 종에 관계없이 단축되었다. 건조저장시의 발아율은 실 온보다는 저온저장구에서, 방치구보다는 데시케이터 저 장구에서 높아, 4oC 데시케이터 저장구에서 발아율이 가장 높았다. 하늘나리는 실온에서 장시간 방치시 발아 율이 급격히 떨어졌으나, 중나리는 데시케이터 사용만 으로도 발아율이 장기간 유지되었다.

This study was conducted to determine the influence of postharvest dipping treatment with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on ethylene production and composition of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in cell walls of 'Tsugaru' apple fruits during storage. Fruits were harvested on August 20, soaked in AVG 50 and 75 mg L-1 solution for 5 minutes, and stored in cold storage chamber at 0±1℃ for 60 days. Fruit quality factor, ethylene productions, and cell wall component changes were investigated at 20 days interval. As a result, the fruit firmness and acid content were much higher in AVG treated fruits than those of untreated one during 60 days of cold storage. Ethylene production of AVG treated fruits was reduced to the level of 1/10 compared with untreated one. As to the change of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in the cell walls of 'Tsu- garu' fruits, the major sugar was arabinose and galactose in water, CDTA and Na2CO3 soluble fractions. The content of arabinose and galactose in untreated fruits increased as the softening of fruits was in progress, but the fruits treated with AVG showed a little change during storage, so it is predicted that these two cell wall compositional sugars were not solubilized by the treatment of AVG. Accordingly, the marketability of 'Tsu- garu' fruits could remarkably increase when soaking the fruits in AVG solution after harvest.

노지재배(露地栽培)한 Lilium elegans 'Connecticut king'의 구근(球根) 굴취시기(掘取時期)를 개화기(開花期)인 6월 5일부터 7월 25일까지 10일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 나누고 잔존엽수(殘存葉數)를 달리해서 일정기간(一定期間) 냉장처리(冷藏處理)(, 0~105일간(日間) 8처리(處理))한 후(後) 촉성재배(促成栽培)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 맹아율(萌芽率)은 저온처리기간(低溫處理期間)이 길어질수록, 잔존엽수(殘存葉數)가 많을수록 그리고 구근비대기간(球根肥大期間)이 길수록 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이었으며 개화기(開花期)의 미숙구근(未熟球根)도 짧은 저온처리(低溫處理)로 높은 맹아율(萌芽率)을 나타내었다. 개화율(開花率)을 보면 개화기(開花期)의 미숙구근(未熟球根)과 엽(葉) 10매(枚)를 남기고 50일간(日間) 비대(肥大)시킨 구근(球根) 그리고 엽(葉)20매(枚)를 남기고 30일이상(日以上) 비대(肥大)시킨 구근(球根)을 90일간(日間) 저온처리(低溫處理)하였을때, 또 전엽(全葉)을 남기고 30일이상(日以上) 비대(肥大)시킨 구근(球根)을 60일간(日間) 저온처리(低溫處理)했을때 90%이상(以上)의 높은 개화율(開花率)을 나타내었다. 2. 맹아(萌芽) 및 개화(開花)소요일수(日數)는 저온처리일수(低溫處理日數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 짧아지는 경향(傾向)이었으며 특히 개화(開花)소요일수(日數)에 있에서는 개화기(開花期)의 미숙구근(未熟球根)이 타(他) 처리구(處理區)에 비해 가장 짧았고 정식(定植) 후(後) 100 일 이내에 개화(開花)시킬 수 있었다. 3. 초장(草長), 착화수(着花數), 경경(莖經)등은 공히 개화후(開花後) 구근비대기간(球根肥大期間)이 길수록 증가(增加)하였으며 개화기의 미숙구근(未熟球根)이 가장 저조한 생육(生育)을 나타내었다. 그러나 대구(大球)를 사용(使用)한다면 구근비대기간(球根肥大期間)없이 개화기(開花期)의 미숙구근(未熟球根)을 사용(使用)하여 연내(年內) 절화재배(切花栽培)가 가능할 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.

This study was conducted to determine the number of days required to break a plant’s dormancy and promote subsequent crop growth in new varieties of Gomchwi through the 4℃ treatment. Three new varieties of Gomchwi namely, ‘Sammany’, ‘Gommany’, and ‘Damogy’ were observed in this study. The rate of leaf emergence of ‘Sammany’ after 15-day of 4℃ treatment was 100%, while ‘Gommany’, and ‘Damogy’ took 20-days and 10-days, respectively to reach to 97.9% rate of leaf emergence. After 10-days of 4℃ treatment, ‘Damogy’ grew faster than the other varieties. and Harvest time for ‘Damogy’ was on January 18th, after 5-days of 4℃ treatment and yield was observed to be the highest at 15-days of 4℃ treatment. ‘Sammany’ was next with a minimum of 10-days of 4℃ treatment, although 15-days is more preferred for better harvest. ‘Gommany’ on the other hand, did not grow enough for harvest by January 18th, and its harvest time was delayed to January 31st. It needed a minimum of 15-days and preferentially 20-days of 4℃ treatment to grow normally and be ready for harvest. The plant height, leaf length and leaf petiole length appeared to grow better by extending duration of the 4℃ treatment. The number of leaves of ‘Sammany’ and ‘Gommany’ varieties was three leaves for the 5-days treatment which may be due to the incomplete breaking of dormancy. Regarding the yield per plant, ‘Sammany’ yielded 112.3 grams (g) in 15-days treatment, and ‘Gommany’ yielded 106.5 g in 25-days treatment. In the case of ‘Damogy’, it yielded 123.5 g and 183 g in the 10-days and 25-days treatment respectively. It is concluded that ‘Damogy’, ‘Sammany’ and ‘Gommany requires 10, 15, and 20 days of 4℃ treatment to break the plant’s dormancy and promote better plant growth.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the appropriate chilling requirements for breaking dormancy by treating the dormant plant of Hanabusaya asiatica with low temperature (4℃) for different time periods. The rates of sprouting and flowering were higher with longer treatment periods at low temperature. In addition, the growth and flowering of the plant were better when it was potted after treatment at a low temperature for 90 days. The abscisic acid levels and polyphenoloxidase activity of the dormant plant increased during the low temperature treatment, reached a climax 90 days and decreased thereafter. The catalase activity was the lowest after the low temperature treatment for 90 days and increased subsequently. The peroxidase activity increased and showed a sharp rise after the low temperature treatment for more than 90 days. Considering the physiological activities of the enzymes, the changes in the abscisic acid levels, and the characteristics of growth and flowering after sprouting of the plant, the appropriate cold periods required for breaking dormancy could be 90 days.

냉압착 들기름과 볶음 압착 들기름 및 볶음 가열 압착 들기름의 가열산화에 의한 색도 및 갈변도, 총 페놀 함량, 과산화물가, 산가, 이중공액산가, 전자공여능 및 지방산 함량 변화를 측정하여 각 들기름의 특성 및 가열산화에 의한 품질을 비교하였다. 냉압착 들기름은 Hunter L 값은 76.62로서 볶음 압착 들기름의 39.77에 비하여 2배 이상 높게 나타났으며, 갈색도의 경우에도 각각 0.027과 0.244을 나타내어 냉압착유의 갈색화 정도가