본 실험에서는 고분자의 농도, 첨가제의 종류 및 함량에 따라 도프 용액을 이용하여 분리막 제조하였다. 분리막의 모폴로지는 전자주사현미경(SEM)을 통해 관찰 하였으며, 막의 모폴로지와 순수투과도의 관계를 확인 할 수 있었다. 필터화 모듈을 제조하여 수투과도 및 바이러스, 박테리아 등과 같은 미생물 제거성능을 측정하였다. 제조된 중공사막의 단면은 sponge 형태로 표명으로 갈수록 치밀한 형태를 띄는 것을 확인하였으며, 수투과도는 50-70 ml/min으로 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 필터화모듈의 경우 수투과도는 1.6 LPM의 높은 투수량을 나타내며, 박테리아와 바이러스의 제거성능은 log 6의 값의 높은 수치를 보였다.

The purpose of this study is to confirm the removal effect of odorous gas through the multi process. The combination of Scrubber, UV and Adsorption was analyzed using the odor gas of reservoir. Analysis was carried out for six times in total and collection was made once per each process. Sampling was performed in the afternoon during August (1:00 pm~4:00 pm). Multi process has been designed to facilitates the accessories exchange. The advantage is that it facilitates the replacement of the activated carbon and it is convenient to change the type of chemical according to the type of pollution materials. As a result, for odor gas removal efficiency, ammonia 91.8%, trimethylamine 72.0%, hydrogen sulfide 99.9%, methyl mercaptan 99.9% were removed respectively. Removal efficiency of the process is the scrubber (alkali), activated carbon adsorption, scrubber (acid) and UV procedure from the highest order. Further studies on the operating method and efficiency of multi process by the change of wind speed and chemical are recommended.

이온교환막이 결합된 축전식 탈염공정(Membrane capacitive deionization, MCDI)을 진행하기 위하여 양이온고분자로는 Sulfonated PPO(Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1.4-phenyl oxide)를 사용하였으며 음이온고분자로써 Aminated Polysulfone을 제조하여 전극 표면에 직접 코팅하여 사용하였다. 코팅여부는 SEM 사진을 통하여 확인하였으며, 성능을 알아보기 위하여 흡/탈착실험을 진행하였다. 유속(15, 25, 30 ml./min), 흡착시간(2, 3, 5, 7 min), 유입수의 농도(100, 200, 300, 500ppm)를 변화시켰는데 그 결과 유속은 느릴수록, 흡착시간은 길어질수록, 유입수의 농도가 낮을수록 염 제거 효율이 높게 나타났다.

The main objective of this research is to study feasibility for applying metal membrane to remove particles from air scouring membrane backwash water. Also, the research was conducted to investigate the influence of polyamine coagulation on floc growth in membrane backwash water as pretreatment for removal particles. From the results of experiments for evaluating the influence of polyamine coagulation on floc growth, it was investigated that particles in the rage of 2~50 μm grew up to 30~5,000 μm. In addition, all six metal membranes showed lower removal efficiency, which was 0.87~13.89%, in the case of no polyamine coagulant. On the other hand, in the case of injecting polyamine coagulant, those did extremely high efficiency in 56~92%. From the SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) images of filtered wiremesh and metal foam membrane, sieve effects were predominant for liquid solid separation in wiremesh and adsorption and diffusion capture effects were predominant in metal foam membrane.

본 연구노트는 K-water가 고안하여 개발한 녹조수상 콤바인 장치에 대하여 소개하고자 하였다. 녹조제거장치 는 본체와 부력재, 이송호퍼, 스크린 컨베이어, 슬러지 제거기 및 수거물질 분리대 등 총 5개 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 그리고 스컴성 녹조현상 이하일 때 녹조제거제를 전처리할 수 있는 살포기가 별도로 장착되어 있다. 전반 적으로 본 장치의 모듈 시스템은 매우 간단하다. 2014 년 5월부터 7월까지 낙동강 및 대청호 현장에서 테스트 운영한 결과, 1일 처리할 수 있는 수표면적은 500,000 m2 day-1에 해당하였다. 그리고 장치 적용 전후 처리효 율은 90%를 상회하였고, 수처리량은 수질 상태에 따라 차이가 있지만 500,000m3 day-1은 가능하였다. 또한 장 치의 운영기간은 3월~11월(9개월) 동안으로써 기존 계 획보다 연장될 수 있었다. 본 장치 및 기술을 통해 상수 원과 공공수역의 녹조현상 및 사회문제로 확대된 파급 영향을 해결하는 데 기여할 수 있는 신기술로서 활용되 기를 기대한다.

This study shows an air-purification test by the UV lamp on which TiO2 catalyst is deposited with glass fiber in the reactor chamber. This test was based on the fundamental data of air-purifier as assessing a removing ability on various contaminants such as CH3COOH, NH3, NO and SO2 as variation of the TiO2 coating, the wave of UV lamp, and the additive CaO. As a result, the highest decomposing removal ratio was shown when 5-times coated glass fiber was used. It can be due to the recombination reaction of electrons and electron-hole in the loaded CaO. Thus, the decomposing removal ratio increased as the recombination ratio decreased. In addition, it was confirmed that the decomposing removal ratio lowered when CaO was considerably deposited because it hided the lamp of OH-1 radical.

Seven male Himalayan tahrs were strongly assumed to have accidently fed on foreign bodies in 2007. At the time, zoo caretakers witnessed missing fence padding, such as carpet, plastic awning, and ropes. The incident occurred the morning after the items had been set up to protect indigenous, wild long-tailed gorals from self injury caused by head butting the steel fence. Adult male Himalayan tahrs were obviously suspected of mostly eating the paddings mainly composed of carpet, thin and long plastic awning, and ropes. Even though they had not shown digestive problems, surgery was determined necessary in order to remove any indigestible foreign bodies. Left flank rumenotomy was conducted on seven male Himalayan tahrs from April to May, 2011. After anesthesia with xylazine, rumenotomy was performed on a concrete floor, with legs and head secured by ropes. No access to water and hay prior to operation for two days was needed to make the surgical procedure done quickly. Two sheets of small hand towels protecting against inflow of ruminal contents were beneficial during surgery. Antibiotics were administered intramuscularly for seven days. No abscesses at the surgical site were found after surgery. Like domestic ruminants, wild ruminants also ingest metalic or non-metalic, indigestible foreign bodies by accident. Therefore, simplified rumenotomy must be developed to apply to those wild animals to lengthen their longevity and to advance the quality of life in captivity. This case report is the first showing how to perform rumenotomy of Himalayan tahr, a wild ruminant, in Korea.

원자력연구시설의 핫셀 내 바닥이나 장치표면에 부착된 고방사능분진의 제거를 위해서 PFC제염기술을 적용한다. 고가인 PFC 용액의 재사용을 위해서는 여과장치의 개발이 필요하고 제염종료 후 이차폐기물의 양을 최소화할 필요가 있다. PFC 제염폐액 내 방사성 입자를 제거하기 위해 핫셀 내의 고방사능분진의 오염 특성을 조사했다. 여과 막을 이용한 입자의 제거효율 측면에서 보면 세라믹 , PVDF, PP 막 모두가 95 이상의 높은 여과 성능을 보였다. 기공 크기가 같은 동일 여과 막에서는 입자가 크거나 가하는 압력이 높을수록 좀더 높은 제거효율을 나타내었고, 3psi이하에서는 PVDF의 제거효율이 다른 막에 비해 작게 나타났다. 플럭스 성능은 PVDF 막이 가장 높은 수준을 나타냈고 세라믹과 PP 막에서는 다소 낮은 성능을 보였다. PVDF 막은 낮은 압력과 짧은 여과시간으로 최대(한계)플럭스에 도달함을 확인하였다. 세라믹 막은 모의입자의 제거 효율은 높지만 다소 낮은 Flux 성능을 나타냈다. 또한, 막 자체의 비싼 가격과 쉽게 부서지는 성질의 단점을 지니고 있지만 무기화합물의 재질로 되어있기 때문에 알파방사능 환경에서 H, 가스를 발생하는 고분자 막인 PVDF, PP 막과 비교하여 훨씬 안정적이었다. 그리고 이들 소수성 여과막들의 특성 비교를 바탕으로 세라믹 막을 적용한 PFC 실증 여과장치의 공정도를 살펴보았다.

Recently, measurement monitoring is actively used for safety management of facilities. However, since the field measurement data contains many outliers, a preprocessing process is required for reliable behavior analysis of the data. In this paper, we present a detection method of time series outliers and its applications. And we propose the precaution for the preprocessing process.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of artificial removal of corolla and calyx lobes from open flowers on fruit development and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Removing the corolla had no significant effect on fruit weight, hardness, length, and diameter, Hunter L, a, b values, sugar content and acidity. However, removing the calyx lobes significantly inhibited longitudinal and transverse growth of the fruits, resulting in diminished fruit size. In addition, merchantable fruit quality significantly decreased upon removing the calyx lobes, and this tendency was increased as more calyx lobes were removed. Nonetheless, removal of the calyx lobes had no effects on fruit color, sugar content, or acidity, similar to the effect of corolla removal.

Chloride-based deicing materials have been reported as the major culprit behind degradation of performance of structures such as surface deterioration and steel corrosion, leading to active researches on development of eco-friendly deicing materials as countermeasures for such issues. However, these eco-friendly deicing materials suffer the issue of poor economic feasibility compared to existing chloride-based deicing material. In order to secure economic feasibility of eco-friendly deicing materials, this research has developed a new eco-friendly deicing material with calcium-based industrial byproducts and assessed its snow-removing performance.

Ground echo is radar return from stationary targets such as buildings and trees. Wind vectors from the wind profile radar in Gangneung are affected by ground echoes due to the complex mountainous terrain located to the west and the south. These ground echoes make a spurious peak close to the direct current (DC) line signal in Doppler spectra. Wind vectors polluted by ground clutters were determined from spectra of oblique beams. After eliminated the terrain echoes, the accuracy of wind vector compared with radiosonde was improved about 68.4% and its relative coefficient was increased from 0.58 to 0.97.

본 연구는 수박유통에 있어 수확시 꼭지를 T 형태로 자르는 관행적 방법과 꼭지를 제거할 경우 저장성에 미치는영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 실험에 사용한 수박의 평균 무게는 7.8 kg이었고 각각 7℃와 실온에 저장하면서 여러요인들을 조사하였다. 무게는 저장일수가 길어짐에 따라 감소하였는데 꼭지처리한 수박을 7℃에서 30일 저장한 경우 그 무게가 0.6~0.7% 감소한 반면 실온에서는 1.9~2% 감소하였으며 동일 온도조건하에서는 꼭지유무에 따른 유의차는 없었다. 경도는 초기 755 g에서 저장일수가 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하였으며 실온에서 저장하였을 경우542~549 g으로 더 큰 감소폭을 보였으나 같은 온도조건하 에서는 꼭지유무에 따른 차이는 없었다. 저장기간 동안 pH,총산과 내부 수분은 모든 처리에서 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으며, 가용성고형분은 실온에 저장한 것은 초기 평균 11.3°Brix에서 30일 후에는 9.3°Brix로, 수박 내부의 적색도는 초기 36.7에서 저장후기에는 처리별로 31.7~33.6으로 감소하였으며, 유리당총량은 저장전 8,133 mg/100 g에서 초기에는 증가하다가 저장기간이 길어질수록 감소하였는데 이들 변화 역시 동일저장조건에서의 꼭지유무에 따른 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 수박을 수확할 때 꼭지를 T 형태로 남긴 것과 제거한 것이 저장성에 미치는 영향은 없으므로 생산, 유통 등을 고려하여 꼭지를 제거하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단된다.

This study attempted to utilize various groundcover plants in phytoremediation, using shade plants, which often have a high shade tolerance for shade urban space. Liriope platyphylla was grown in soil containing three of heavy metals, Zn, Cd, and Pb under four different concentrations (0, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) to determine the heavy metal accumulation characteristics and removing from soil. Total amounts of accumulated Zn in L. platyphylla were increased in accordance with increasing elevated Zn concentrations in soil, but the difference was not significant between Zn250 and Zn500. Cd accumulation, sharply increased in Cd100 and Cd250, but was reduced in Cd500. Increased Pb concentration in soil resulted a continuous increase in the total amounts of Pb accumulated in L. platyphylla. The total content of Zn in soil decreased by almost 50% in Zn100, almost 33% in Zn250 and 20% in Zn500 through growth of L. platyphylla over a period of 7 months. In the case of Cd, the concentration in soil, was decreased with 10% in Cd100, 10% in Cd250 and 33% in Cd500 through growth of L. platyphylla over a period of 7 months. This results indicate that more Cd was removed by planting L. platyphylla, compared to Zn or Pb.

In this study, the experiments which use the dry absorbent has been executed in order to find optimum HCl absorptionconditions. The absorbents in this experiment were Ca(OH)2-A, Ca(OH)2-B and CaO. They were put in a fixed-bed reactor.The reaction temperature of HCl/Ca(OH)2 systems were between 200~400oC and those of HCl/CaO systems werebetween at 500~700oC. The reaction gases were HCl and N2 mixtures (3000ppm). The reaction gas of 2L·min−1 wasfed into the reactor. As temperature increased, the conversion ratio of HCl in Ca(OH)2 particles also increased.Consequently, Ca(OH)2-B showed the maximum conversion ratio of 19% at 400oC. CaO also showed the similar tendencywith the result of Ca(OH)2. In case of same particle sizes, as reaction temperature increased, the reaction rate constant(k) also increased. The highest reaction rate constant of Ca(OH)2-B was 3,952min−1 at 400oC. All absorbents in thisexperiment showed that the reaction rate decreased with increasing the size of the particles at each temperature condition.The kinetics of the reaction between sorbents and HCl molecules showed that the activation energies were about 2.71~6.85kcal·mol−1 (averager 4.53kcal·mol−1) for Ca(OH)2-A, about 1.3011.51kcal·mol−1 (average 6.10kcal·mol−1) forCa(OH)2-B, and about 2.5314.3kcal·mol−1 (average 6.91kcal·mol−1) for CaO depending on conversion ratios.

초기치에서 발생되어지는 비트의 소비를 저주파영역에서의 부호화하는 과정을 없애고, 각 대역별 임계값을 통해, 비 트정렬시 LIS에서 발생되어 질 수 있는 비트 소비를 줄일 수 있었다. 그리고 마지막 단계로 허프만 코딩을 적용하여 압축효율을 향상시켰다. 실험 결과를 통해, 특히 낮은 비트율에 대해서 비트율의 향상을 가져오게 되어 전송시에 있어 서 더욱 점진적이고 프로그레시브한 전송을 가능하게 되었다.

Trickling filter has been extensively studied for the domestic wastewater treatment especially for the small scale plants in rural area. The performance of the trickling filter depends on the microbial community and their activity in the biofilms on the media. Nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal of the trickling filter from the wastewater depend on the activity and the amount of the specific microorganisms responsible for the metabolism. For the estimation of the performance of a trickling filter, batch nitrification experiment and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were carried out to measure the microbial activity and its distribution on the media of the trickling filter. Batch nitrification activity measurement showed that the top part of the 1st stage trickling filter had the highest nitrification activity and the maximum activity was 0.002 g NH4-N/g MLVSS․h. It is thought that higher substrate (ammonia) concentration yields more nitrifying bacteria in the biofilms. The dominant ammonia oxidizer and nitrite oxidizer in the biofilm were Nitrosomonas species and genus Nitrospira, respectively, by FISH analysis. Less denitrifiers were found than nitrifiers in the biofilm by the probe Rrp1088 which specifically binds to Rhodobacter, Rhodovulum, Roseobacter, and Paracoccus. Phosphorus accumulating bacteria were mostly found at the surface of the biofilm by probe Rc988 and PAO651 which specifically binds to Rhodocyclus group and their biomass was less than that of nitrifiers.

신축공동주택에서는 BAKE OUT등의 입주 전(前) 전처리후 저 농도의 잔여 오염원의 제거를 위해서는 단시간에 고효율의 공기정화기능에 맞춰진 기계적 장치보다는 설치 및 유지, 운영비가 저렴하고 비교적 안전한 생물학적 처리법이 더 효율적이므로 생물학적 실내공기정화 기술의 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 이를 위해 본연구는 실내공기자연정화효과가 있는 식물에 의한 biofilter의 개발을 목표로 하였으며, biofilter hardware의 안전하고 지속적인 기능성 향상을 위해 토양별 공기유동과 수분유지력을 실험을 하였다. 식물에 의한 biofilter는 공기유동과 함께 오염원이 필터내로 유입되어 생물학적 오염 정화 기능으로 인해 정화된 공기가 배출되는 원리이다. 그러나 식물에 의한 biofilters는 공기유동이 높아지면 수분유지력이 낮아지는 특성이 있어 공기유동과 수분유지의 최적 조건을 찾는것이 중요하다. 또한 공기유동과 수분유지에 영향을 미치는 요인은 biofilter내 토양은 공기유동, 수분유지력은 biofilter의 성능과 안정성을 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요인이라 할수 있다. 실험결과, 기기내 공기유동은 3번째 모델에서 공기의 유입과 출입이 가장 최적이며, 토양구성은 vermiculite/ perlite/ peatmoss=v/v/v=0.25/0.25/0.50으로 구성된 토양에서 가장 효율적을 알수 있었다. 이때, 재관수시점은 토양수분의 60%를 관수시점으로 산정하였을 경우 4th-model은 24시간, 3rd-model은 24시간, 2nd-model은 18시간, 1st-model은 18시간, control은24시간으로 나타났다. 그러므로 본연구에서 개발된 biofilter는 공기유동 과 수분을 장시간 유지할수 있으므로 공기유동시 biofilter내 여러 자연 필터와 함께 식물이 실내오염원을 정화할수 있는 유용한 장치가 될 수 있다고 하겠다.