In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate the structural performance of high strength R/C interior beam-column joints regions, with or without the shear reinforcement. Specimens designed by the interior beam-column joint regions without the shear reinforcement of existing reinforced concrete building showed a unstable mode of failure and an decrease in load-carrying capacity and energy dissipation capacity and ductility ratio.

In this study, the amount of construction waste created from Demolition and reconstruction of old buildings by environmental contamination by construction waste has been raised as a social problem, according as a means to settle problems the government is being encouraged the use Recycled aggregate. However recycled aggregate has not yet been applied to structures in many cases. Due to uncertain technical verification of long-term durability, the use of recycled aggregate is being limited. Accordingly in this study, High Strength Concrete Beams use Recycled coarse Aggregate to evaluate the performance of the bending and establish national standards for structural design of recycled aggregates aims to provide the basic data.

The molecular processing of upstream regulation of Pi response genes during Pi starvation remains inadequately understood. Several transcription factor have been studied that appear to regulate subsets of the responses to Pi stress either positively or negatively. MYB genes are responsive to one or multiple type of hormone and stress treatments. In this study, cDNA of the MYB have been cloned, and we generated Rice overexpressing plants for characterization of these genes. OsMYB gene function focused on phosphate conditions with rice and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. We selected 30 - T1 transgenic lines from T0 transgenic rices. those are shown high Pi content. The Pi contents of shoots part of transgenic plants were shown 10~20% increased Pi contents than WT, whereas roots have 30% increased Pi contents. As a result, OsMYB genes affect Pi uptake in plants. To investigate interactions between MYB proteins and phosphate signaling related genes. We demonstrate that Myb-binding sites (MBSs) exist in putative promoter of OsPT transporter by analysis of bioinformatics, and its bind specific MYB transcription factor. OsMYB expression is induced by low Pi and Pi deficiency, and its overexpression plants are shown morphological phenotype in Pi stress.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world and it’s has been known as the best feed materials for dairy cows and other high valued animals. The new uses of alfalfa are being explored as bio-energy, food, medical and biochemical uses. R2R3-type MYB transcription factors play important roles in transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The R2R3-type IbMYB1 is known to be a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the storage roots of sweetpotato. We previously showed that the expression of IbMYB1a led to anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco and Arabidopsis. In this study, we generated transgenic alfalfa plants expressing the IbMYB1a gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. Overexpression of IbMYBa in transgenic alfalfa produced strong anthocyanin pigmentation in seedlings and generated a deep purple color in leaves, stems, roots, and even in seeds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that IbMYB1a expression led to the production of cyanidin as a major core molecule of anthocyanidins in alfalfa, as occurs in the purple leaves of sweetpotato (cv.Sinzami). We also examined expression of several structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in alfalfa by RT-PCR analysis. In this presentation, we will further present molecular and biochemical characterization in IbMYB1a-overexpression lines. This result shows that the IbMYB1a transcription factor is sufficient to induce anthocyanin accumulation in the forage legume alfalfa plants.

Rice blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. Resistance to rice blast pathogen mostly shows a quantitative trait controlled by several genes. A total of 13 major blast resistance (R) genes were reported in a number of Korean rice varieties using molecular markers. The Pi-ta gene, which locates near to the centromere of chromosome 12, was haplotyping using 1790 accessions including cultivated and wild varieties in previous research. However, the genetic variations of other R genes in rice still not clear. Three R genes, Pi9, Pia, and Pib on chromosome 6, 11 and 2 respectively, were resequenced among 84 accessions of rice core set. Different types of halotype among the 84 accessions were detected. Some new SNPs and InDels found in exon part of R genes were expected to result into amino acid changes following analysis of the genetic code variations, and the germplam in this rice core set which are resistance to blast were explored. We are expecting to develop the new functional markers and incorporate of resistance genes into existing rice cultivars and finally these apply outcomes in breeding rice resistance to blast diseases.

Nach dem § 5 Abs. 1 Satz 3 des ‘Gesetz zum Anziehen des elektronische Fußfessel zur Lageverfolgung der bestimmten Sexualstraftätern’ wird ein Person, wer wegen den über zweimal Strafdelikten bestraft wird, eine elektronischen Überwachung urteilt. Ein Problem ist, ob ein Person, wer früher eine Schutzmaßnahme für Jugendliche urteilt wurde, Das koreanische Jugendstrafrecht definiert Personen unter Vollendung des 19. lebensjahres als “Jugendliche”. Ferner bestimmt das koreanische Jugendstrafrecht die zwie Grundarten der jugendstrafrechtlichen Santionierung, d.h. Schutzmaßnahme und Strafmaßnahme. Nach dem § 32 Abs. 6 werden Jugendliche wegen des Vorlebens, das sie eine Schutzmaßnahme urteilt wurden, nicht benachteiligt.Die Bindung der Auslegung an die Wortlautgrenze ist keineswegs willkürlich, sondern ergibt sich aus den staat- und strafrechtlichen Grundlagen des Gesetzlichkeitsprinzips. Solche Auslegung des Gesetzes startet vom Sinn des Wortes, aber sie wird vom Zweck des Gesetzes abgegrenzt. D.h. eine Interpretation im Rahmen des möglichen Wortsinnes kann die Präventivwirkung des Gesetzes sichdem und eine verbotsüberbestrtung vorwerfbar machen.Meiner Meinung nach, ein Vorleben der Schutzmaßnahme darf nicht eine Voraussetzung des § 5 Abs. 1 Satz 3 des ‘Gesetz zum Anziehen des elektronische Fußfessel zur Lageverfolgung der bestimmten Sexualstraftätern’ anerkennt werden.

Früher war die Gestalt der Wohnung üblicherweise ein Einzelhaus. Dagegen wechselt sie heute im Allgemeinen nach das Hochhaus-Wohnung, z.B. die Apartment-Wohnung. Danach kommt die Frage, ob die gemeinsamen Raümen dieser Hochhaus-Wohnung durch dem Hausfriedensbruch(KStGB §319) geschützt werden dürfen. Diese gemeinsamen Räumen können wieder in zwei, also die innere und die außere Räume einteilen. Unter die innere versteht man den Duchgang, die Treppe, den Aufzug usw. Dagegen kann man unter die außere die Parkplätze, den Spilplatz usw. verstenen. Tatsächlich wird es heute immer größer, dass die inneren gemeinsamen Räumen mit dem automatischen Sicherheitsglastür unterbrochen werden. Dies erscheint uns, dass mehrere Berechtigte nicht wünschen, Unbekannte ohne ihres Einverständnis in ihren gemeinsamen Räumen einzutreten. Denn wir können vermuten, dass diese Räumen ganz nah bei ihrem inneren privaten Wohnungsraum sind, obwohl viele Leute in denen viel oft ein u. aus gehen. Deswegen glaube ich, dass der Wille des Berechtigeten, also das Hausrecht durch das Strafrecht ebenso geschützt werden soll wie ihre innere private Räumen ihrer Wohnung.

이 글은 작곡가 진은숙(1961- )의 작곡과정에서 발견되는 특유한 음악적 사고와 작업방식 에 대해 고찰한다. 필자가 파악하는 진은숙의 작곡방식은 여러 가지 재료의 (재료가 본래 속 해 있던) 구체적 맥락을 취하지 않고 재료 자체만을 떼어내 자신의 것으로 만드는 것, 다시 말해 추상화를 거쳐 개인화하는 작업이다. 그리고 그렇게 자신의 것으로 개인화한 재료들을 작품에서 새로운 맥락 안으로 융합시키는 것이다. 그녀의 이러한 작업방식 또는 태도는 순수 기악음악뿐 아니라 텍스트를 가진 인성(人聲)작품이나 동양의 전통악기를 사용한 작품에서 도 발견되는 특징이다. 이 글에서는 진은숙 작품전반에서 드러나는 이같은 양상을 살피며, 생황협주곡 《슈》(2009/2010)의 예를 통해 진은숙의 음악어법을 ‘추상화’와 ‘재맥락화’라는 개념으로 해석해본다.

로베르트 슈만의《d단조 바이올린 협주곡 WoO. 1》은 음악사상 유례를 찾을 수 없을 정 도로 몰이해에 시달리고 비밀에 휩싸여 있으며 기이하고 복잡한 수용사를 가지고 있으며, 오 늘날까지 작품의 질적 가치에 대한 찬·반 양론에 휩싸여있다. 본 논문에서는 이에 대해 서 구 학계에서 활발하게 전개된 다양한 주장을 검증하고, 논의하며, 비판적으로 수용하였으며, 양식적 분석을 통해 작품의 객관적 평가에 기여하였다.

The purpose of this paper is to verify the seismic strengthening effect of R/C buildings strengthened with the Carbon Fiber Composite Cable(CFCC). In this study, a three-story R/C building that represents a typical Korean school constructed in the 1980s was selected, and its seismic performance before and after strengthening was evaluated based on the nonlinear dynamic analyses. The result indicated that the seismic strengthening effect of the proposed CFCC method was verified in terms of both strength and ductility demands, compared to the building before strengthening

In this study, shear assessment equation of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints without shear reinforcement using high ductile fiber reinforced mortar based on the test results was proposed. Suggested equation was proposed to modify Hegger's seismic design equation. It was reflected the effect of high ductile fiber incorporated

In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate and improve the constructability and structural performance of high strength R/C interior beam-column joints regions, with or without the shear reinforcement, using high ductile fiber-reinforced mortar. Specimens designed by retrofitting the interior beam-column joint regions of existing reinforced concrete building showed a stable mode of failure and an increase in load-carrying capacity due to the effect of enhancing dispersion of crack control at the time of initial loading and bridging of fiber from retrofitting new high ductile materials during testing.

Many existing building in korea, constructed according to an out-date standard, were found to be inadequate to withstand major earthquake. Accordingly, significant research effort has been devoted to develop and evaluate different strengthening techniques to increase to seismic resistance of R/C structure. In our previous research[1], the galss fiber sheet and carbon fiber brace system for seismic strengthening was developed. In the study, a three-story R/C building that represent a typical Korean school constructed in 1980s was selected, and its seismic performance before and after strengthening was evaluated based on the seismic capacity evalution method.

The main aim of this article is to uncover how F. R. Leavis carves out his own theoretical space and re/draws the map of English poetry by re-reading T. S. Eliot’s theory of tradition and the dissociated sensibility. In his well-known essay, “Tradition and the Individual Talents,” Eliot underlines the significance of literary tradition in the development of culture and literature, and valorizes it as an “ideal order” that endlessly re/adjusts and re/organizes itself by merging the new with the existing. Profoundly influenced by Eliot’s criticism and poetry, Leavis published two seminal books, New Bearings in English Poetry and Revalution, in the 1930s, where he thoroughly examines the real value of his contemporary poets as well as the past ones and, thereby, re/constructs the great tradition of English poetry. In the books, Leavis redresses Eliot’s notion of tradition, which allows for the dominating power of the past tradition over the present and individuals, by highlighting that it is a small number of talented individuals that challenge the existing order and establish a new tradition. In doing so, Leavis registers the significance of the active and creative role of the subject in the establishment and revaluation of tradition. Unlike Eliot’s notion of tradition, his theory of the dissociation of sensibility is constantly championed by Leavis, who utilizes it as a significant theoretic tool by which to map out the stream of English poetry. However, this does not mean that Leavis unconditionally embraces Eliot’s theory. Rather, Leavis re-enacts the theory by filling up the theoretic ‘empty gaps’ overlooked by Eliot. One of them is the social background that underlies the dissociation of sensibility. For Leavis, it is not just the socio-political changes around the English Civil War but cultural and intellectual factors, including the decay of the court culture and the development of modern science and modern prose, that lead to the dissociation. Another problem of Eliot’s theory is that it forestalls the possibility of the restoration of the unified sensibility in modern poetry by assuming that it has never recovered itself from the damaging effects of the dissociation. However, for Leavis, it is possibile for great individuals to restore the unified sensibility in the age of the dissociation of sensibility, The poet that fully realizes this, Leavis claims, is no other than Eliot himself, who never takes into serious consideration this possibility.

Am 14.04.2011 hat das koreanische Verfassungsgericht eine Strafbestimmung, die vorher als verfassungsgemäßig angesehen wurden, für verfassungswidrig erklärt. In § 47 Abs. 2 kVerfGG wird geregelt, dass Gesetze oder Vorschriften, die zuvor als verfassungsgemäßig angesehen wurden, ab diesem Entscheidungstag außer Kraft treten. Indessen treten Gesetze oder Vorschriften mit Strafcharakter mit Rückwirkung außer Kraft treten. Diese Besonderheit in der Verfassungswidrigkeitsentscheidung führt dazu, dass es nicht möglich ist, ausnahmsweise die Rückwirkung der für verfassungswidrig erklärten Strafbestimmungen teilweise zuzuerkennen oder eine teilweise Begrenzung der Rückwirkung zu ermöglichen. Der Gesetzgeber muss vor allem die Eigenschaft, die Funktion, den historischen Werdegang und die Auswirkungen des Außerkrafttretens mit Rückwirkung der für verfassungswidrig erklärten Gesetze oder Vorschriften usw. berücksichtigen und den Wirkungsbereich der Verfassungswidrigkeitsentscheidung nach Maß beziehungsweise mit Elastizität bestimmen.

The potential cultivation of buckwheat species in Luang Prabang region, Lao PDR where the species has not been naturally grown and not traditionally utilized was studied to introduce buckwheat as a new agricultural material, especially for food and medicine. The growth of Tartary buckwheat species was higher than common buckwheat showing 2.3 fold of plant height compared to common buckwheat. Number of flower per plant in Tartary buckwheat (731) was three fold higher than common buckwheat (244). Dry weight per plant was respectively 1.7 g in Suwon No. 1, 2.6 g in Suwon No. 2, and 1.4 g in KW45. The rate average of seed setting was similar between common buckwheat (41 to 46 %) and Tartary buckwheat (44%). Total seed yield of Tartary buckwheat (184 kg/10 a) in 10a could be estimated to be higher than that of common buckwheat (108 kg/10 a).

The purpose of this study was to analyze Early Childhood Teachers’ awareness of R-Learning. The Subjects were 6 Early Childhood Teachers who experienced to use Robot in their teaching and learning. The data was analyzed through semi-structured in-depth interview and teachers’ journals. The results showed possibilities and limitations of R-learning. As possibilities of R-learning, it was found that robot is am attractive teaching materials. In addition, it was found that robot might be an assistant teacher. Third, robot helps children improving their social development. Fourth, teachers might get confident while using robots in their teaching and learning. However, there were limitations of R-learning. First, teachers need to understand what R-learning means. Second, there are some functional problems of R-learning. Third, there are lack of qualitative contents of R-learning. Finally, robots need to be general to every children.