Share of total accidents in construction accidents construction site accident 70% of small embroidery Reducing the rate of Construction of the entire construction accidents decreased overall is a very meaningful work. Disaster reduction continues to increase despite the efforts of a small construction site(Amount less than 2,000,000,000) for Disaster Reduction In order to identify more clearly the cause of the system and provide the urgently needed measures.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an algorithm-based simulation scenario for emergency measures for a high-risk newborn presenting apnea. Methods: A methodological study design was used to develop the algorithm-based simulation scenario. Expert evaluation was used to establish the developed algorithm’s content validity. Results: The simulation scenario was developed using several steps of algorithm development based on the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP). The content validity was established. Based on the expert evaluation results, an eight-frame algorithm was selected for the final simulation scenario. The scenario courseware was composed of six major components: pre-learning activity simulation orientation, simulation operation, SBAR-format recording, watching the video-clip of their performance for self-evaluation and debriefing. After simulation, student’s clinical performance and communication skill were evaluated with the developed instrument. Conclusion: Considering that nursing students have limited access to high-risk newborns during their clinical experience and that newborns presenting apnea are common in the neonatal intensive care unit, the algorithm-based simulation scenario developed in this study can provide students with the opportunity to practice alternative emergency measures for high-risk newborns.

Modern systems development becomes more and more complicated due to the need on the ever-increasing capability of the systems. In addition to the complexity issue, safety concern is also increasing since the malfunctions of the systems under development may result in the accidents in both the test and evaluation phase and the operation phase. Those accidents can cause disastrous damages if explosiveness gets involved therein such as in weapon systems development. The subject of this paper is on how to incorporate safety requirements in the design of safety-critical systems. As an approach, a useful system structure using the method of design structure matrix (DSM) is studied while reflecting the need on systems safety. Specifically, the effects of system components failure are analyzed and numerically modeled first. Also, the system components are identified and their interfaces are represented using a component DSM. Combining the results of the failure analysis and the component DSM leads to a modified DSM. By rearranging the resultant DSM, a modular structure is derived with safety requirements incorporated. As a case study, application of the approach is also discussed in the development of a military UAV plane.

The occupational health and safety accidents were continuously increased during handling, usage and manufacturing the chemical materials according to increase of small and medium sized enterprises in domestic industries. These accidents mainly resulted from insufficient occupational health and safety management and deteriorative facilities and focused on corresponding operation to minimize the damage of accidents after occurrence. But, it was required that we grasped the occurrence causes of occupational health and safety risk in handling, usage and manufacturing the chemical materials and develop the adequate corresponding operation and system according to the possible occurrence of occupational health and safety risk. This study deals with the development of risk assessment model to derive the risk and important risk of occupational health and safety and then help to construct the self-controlled occupational health and safety system for small and medium sized enterprises handling the chemical materials.

Constructions sites are affected by Diversity workplace, complexity of construction, Change of place, Mobility of workers and so on. In a single establishment, Prime contractors and subcontractors have to conduct their work at the same time. There are a lot of unpredictable risks when the construction is running, coordination between contractors is very important to do a risk assessment under the condition. Large Construction companies were investigated by previous studies. Survey research is applied to the risk assessment. In the writing, Risk assessment of the entire lower level. Because of the low level of risk factors to find. Also, There was a limit to investigate accidents. Confirmed that Effort to derive a risk factors were desperately of the risk assessment. Results were obtained through previous studies. The PCM is several experts should be joined. Experts Site Manager, Supervisor, Safety Manager, Director Contractor, Work team leader is required to participate. Construction plans, Process Planning to the risk find beforehand. And Determines how the operations and the control. Also, Made it into the database. and PCRA can be used in the risk assessment was developed.

Risk information may be one of the most important factor for worker's safe behavior because that safe behavior can be oriented by attitude based on risk information. Traditionally KAP(knowledge, attitude and practice) model was useful frame for the change of human behavior. Knowledge is formed by information through experience and education. Worker's health may be prevented by his or her own active safe behavior based on risk information. This paper is to investigate the effect of labor union on the provirion of risk information by labor union. Data for analysis is the third Korean Working Conditions Survey done by Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2011. The sample size is 50,032 economic active person surveyed by household interview survey with structure questionnaire by trained interviewer. The difference of risk information provision among employees was tested by mean difference test. The level of risk information of employees of companies with labor union is higher than that with non labour union. This paper has some implication for the promotion of safe behavior of employees through risk information provision mediated by labor union. Some limitation of this study may be considered because of using the cross sectional survey data.

Subcontracting business than the contracting business in shipbuilding industry is a lot of hazardous job and highly accident because of highly work intensity. In order to prevent the accidents, there is a need to analyze characteristic. of shipbuilding, to apply measures of risk assessment. In this paper, I suggested an improvement of the risk assessment through the actual condition research in shipbuilding industry. In the research method, I analysed accidents occurred until 2011-2013. Carried out the actual site survey while two weeks in May 2014. As a result, 1) The main pattern were caught-in or between, fall on the high level according to analyzed accidents. 2) To apply the weight show clear of magnitude for risk assessment. 3) Risk estimation of risk assessment is desirable to be quantization by accidents analysis, and to be greater than or equal to 4 steps.

This study was planned to investigate the effect of the exposure to hazard factors on work environment satisfaction. Existing researches about job satisfaction have focused on the general working conditions, such as working hours, wage, human relationship, job task and so on. Korean Working Conditions Survey was used for this study because that relevant questions were included. The effect of the exposure to hazard factors on work environment satisfaction may be produced by hierarchical regression analysis because of comparison with existing model for work environment satisfaction. The exposure to hazards factors were statistically significant effect on work environment satisfaction after adjusting other confounding variables, such as gender, age, educational level, job security, work hour, work load, work autonomy, social support, etc. This study has some limitation because that KWCS was cross sectional survey. Some researches about the causal effect and its mechanism may be suggested as future study.

Performance based design(PBD) is the method to make a fire safety design against them after predicting the factors of fire risk in a building. Therefore, predicting fire risk in a building is very important process in PBD. For predicting fire risk of a building, an engineer of PBD must consider various factors such as ignition location, ignition point, ignition source, first ignited item, second ignited item, flash over, the state of door and fire suppression system. But, it is difficult to trust fire safety capacity of the design because the process in Korea' PBD is unprofessional and unreasonable. This paper had surveyed some cases of PBD that had been made in Korea to find the problems of the process to predict fire risk. And it have proposed the improvements of process to predict fire risk of a building.

This study empirically examines how much effect levels of fatigue and stress of a construction worker have on disaster risks from the perspective of human factors concerning construction disaster risks. To achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted with respect to construction workers working at large construction sites within the metropolitan area. The retrieved survey data were analyzed by using the statistical software programs, SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 8.0. The results of this study do not definitively lead to the conclusion that the level of fatigue or stress of construction workers result in disaster risks. However, it does show that the results vary depending upon the individual approach and treatment of stress and fatigue. In particular, this study revealed that disaster risk levels could increase through unsafe behavior intentions which were established as a mediator variable. Also, with respect to unsafe behavior intentions of construction workers leading to disaster risks, when examining the results that the level of mental fatigue, occupational stress and social-psychological stress of construction workers had a greater significant effect than the level of physical fatigue, this study demonstrates the importance of psychological and mental issues that could be easily overlooked with respect manual labor workers.

Constructions sites are affected by Diversity workplace, complexity of construction, Change of place, Mobility of workers and so on. In a single establishment, Prime contractors and subcontractors have to conduct their work at the same time. There are a lot of unpredictable risks when the construction is running, coordination between contractors is very important to do a risk assessment under the condition. Large Construction companies were investigated by previous studies. Survey research is applied to the risk assessment. In the writing, Risk assessment of the entire lower level. Because of the low level of risk factors to find. Also, There was a limit to investigate accidents. Confirmed that Effort to derive a risk factors were desperately of the risk assessment. Results were obtained through previous studies. The PCM is several experts should be joined. Experts Site Manager, Supervisor, Safety Manager, Director Contractor, Work team leader is required to participate. Construction plans, Process Planning to the risk find beforehand. And Determines how the operations and the control. Also, Made it into the database. and PCRA can be used in the risk assessment was developed.

인터넷투표는 전자정부 패러다임, 법원의 전자 소송 제도 도입 등과 같이 공공서비스와 IT기술을 접목하기 위한 노력의 일환으로서, 투표에 있어서도 IT 기술을 활용하자는 취지에서 시작된 논의이다. 인터넷투표 방식은 크게 두 가지로 나누어지는 데, 투표소 전자투표(Poll Site E-Voting, 이하 PSEV)방식과 원격 인터넷투표(Remote Internet E-Voting, 이하 REV)방식이 그것이다. 미국, 일본, 에스토니아 등 해외의 경우에도 다양한 방법으로 인터넷투표의 활용이 시도되고 있으나, 우리나라의 경우 아직 공직선거에서는 이를 도입하지 않았고, 당내투표나 민간의 주주총회 등에서 활용되고 있다. 인터넷투표의 경우 투표율의 제고나 선거의 사회적 비용절감 등의 차원에서 긍정적인 평가를 받고 있지만, 선거조작이나 해킹 등을 비롯한 보안의 문제, 직접선거 및 비밀선거의 원칙 침해나 유권자 의 개인정보 유출 등의 프라이버시 문제가 완전히 해결되지 않은 이상 그 도입에 앞서 기술적, 법제 도적 보완이 우선되어야 한다. 따라서 우리나라에 이 제도를 도입하기 위해서는 먼저 기술적 차원에서 선거인명부 확정, 본인확 인, 투표 및 개표에 걸친 선거절차 진행과정에서의 정확성 확보와 프라이버시 보장을 위한 장치마련 이 요구된다. 또한 법제도적 차원에서 공직선거법 등 관련법령에서 인터넷투표의 개념정의를 시작으 로 개표방법ㆍ인터넷투표가능 PC의 운용 등 인터 넷투표 실시에 관한 세부적 사항을 규정해 두어야 하며 이는 유권자의 기본권으로서의 선거 4원칙인 보통ㆍ평등ㆍ직접ㆍ비밀 선거 원칙 보장과 유권자 전자등록에서의 개인정보의 보호를 기반으로 해야 한다. 해킹이나 네트워크의 장애를 발생시키는 부정행위를 억제할 강력한 처벌규정 및 투표결과에 대한 쟁송 수단의 마련 역시 필요하다. 인터넷투표의 구체적 도입에 있어서는 국민적 합의를 이루기 위하여 처음에는 PSEV 방식과 기 존의 종이투표를 병행하는 방식으로 시작하여 각종 제도 마련 및 기술적 위험요소의 제거를 통해 단계적으로 REV방식으로 옮겨가는 한편, 재보궐 선거나 지방선거로부터 시작하여 총선 및 대선에 이르기까지 점진적으로 그 도입을 확대해 나가는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

루만에 의하면 현대사회에서 (의사)소통의 중요한 매체는 두 가지이다. 정보를 유포하는 매체와 일반화된 상징적 소통매체(또는 성공매체)가 그 것들이다. 이 논문에서는 정보유포 매체를 중심으로 재난의 위험과 세계 시민사회의 관계에 대해 살펴본다. 근대 시민사회의 발현을 가능하게 했 던 정보유포 매체는 활자매체라는 것이 일반적인 인식이다. 그러나 현대 사회에서 전자매체 특히 디지털매체의 사회구성적 효과에 대해서는 의견이 분분하다. 이 논문에서는 벡, 루만, 하이어의 관점을 비교하면서, 현대 사회에서 시민 주체의 형성과 관련하여 디지털매체의 중요성이 일방적으 로 강조되는 경향을 비판하고자 한다. 특히 세월호 참사와 관련하여 한국 사회에서 디지털매체뿐만 아니라 전자 대중매체의 역할이 새롭게 확인될 수 있음을 강조한다. 즉 언론통제 상황에서도 TV 전자매체가 전혀 의도하 지 못한 상태에서 불러일으키는 사회적 감정의 효과를 강조하고자 한다.

Flexible production system has been expanded to all sectors of economy with the change of labor market and diversification of employment. The unstable employment with irregular work has replaced stable employment with regular work. This study has investigate the impact pathway of the type of employment on health status especially ill-health symptoms experiences. Among the first Korean Working Conditions Survey data, the employee's response data was used to analyze the path way with multiple regression analysis. The result has shown the direct effect of the type of employment on ill-health symptoms experience. Indirect effect of the type of employment was found the pathway via the exposure to noise, high temperature, low temperature, dust, skin contact to chemicals, painful posture, heavy material handling, standing position, repetitive movement of hands. However the exposure to the other hazardous factors such as organic solvent, wholebody vibration, radiation, lifting people, infectious materials were not influenced by the type of employment.

As preventive measures have received tremendous attention to prevent any possible accident in advance, many work places have introduced safety and health management systems. However despite of this government's effort, the industrial accident rate of small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees does not decline, which is mainly because the projects are not differentiated according to the risk level of individual business. To evaluate the risk level of small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees and then establish effective safety and health management systems according to the risk level, this study has conducted the following processes. The small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees were evaluated through accident type, and potential accident risk factor was evaluated through location, business type, and business size. The results of this analysis are expected to make contribution to improving the effectiveness of the safety and health management supports to small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees.

목적 : 경도인지장애를 가진 노인 운전자의 안전을 위해 운전상황에서 나타나는 위험요소를 예측하고, 운전 위험성 확인을 위해 사용할 수 있는 인지평가도구를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : “경도인지장애”와 “정상”노인 운전자 그룹으로 분류하여 운전평가와 인지평가를 실시한 무작위 대조군(Randomized Control Trial; RCT)연구 17편을 대상으로 메타분석을 실시하였다. Jadad 평가를 사용하여 질적 분석을 수행하였고, 각각의 위험요소와 인지평가도구에 대하여 통계적 이질성, 효과크기, 민감도 및 출판편의 검정을 실시하였다. 결과 : 선정된 연구들의 Jadad 평가는 “높은 질의 논문”으로 평가되었다. 인지평가도구의 효과크기 분석결과 길 만들기 검사-A (Trail Making Test-A; TMT-A), 길 만들기 검사-B (Trail Making Test-B; TMT-B), The Useful Field of View (UFOV-subtest 2) 모두 통계적으로 유의미하였다(p<.05). 각 효과크기는 TMT-A가 0.44, TMT-B가 0.54, UFOV-subtest 2가 0.52로 “큰 효과크기”로 해석할 수 있다. 또한 위험요소의 효과크기 분석결과 주행오차 항목만이 통계적으로 유의미하였다(p<.05). 각 효과크기는 주행오차가 0.83, 주행속도가 -0.17, 반응속도가 0.70, 브레이크가 0.47 그리고 회전은 –0.81이다. 따라서 주행오차와 회전은 “큰 효과크기”, 반응속도는 “중간 효과크기”, 브레이크는 “작은 효과크기”로 해석할 수 있다. 결론 : TMT-A, TMT-B와 운전 시 필요한 시지각 능력을 평가하는 UFOV–subtest 2는 경도인지장애를 가진 노인 운전자의 운전 위험성 확인을 위해 활용될 수 있다. 또한 위험요소에서 속도위반, 신호위반, 차량 정지선 위반을 의미하는 주행오차는 안전한 운전을 위한 추가적인 정보로서 활용될 수 있다.

As weapon systems become complex in terms of the scale and functionality, the required time to complete the test and evaluation (T&E) process is inevitably getting longer. However, nowadays the reduction of T&E period becomes one of the core targets in the weapon systems acquisition programs. This is because the reduced time for T&E process can yield the reduction of defense budget and also faster deployment of the weapon systems, thereby having a competitive edge over rival countries. On the other hand, in weapon systems development the management of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS), and risk is considered important to keep competitiveness and thus has been carried out separately. Thus, the objective of this paper is to study on improving the T&E process by integrating the RAMS and risk management process in it. To do so, the related processes are analyzed and modeled first. Then an integrated process model is developed. The resulting model is equipped with the traceability among the data and interfaces that are generated from the T&E and RAMS/risk processes. As a case study, the model developed is applied in tanks development. The effective use of the traceability is expected to reduce the time and cost required to complete T&E process.

PURPOSES: This study is to suggest heavy snow risk analysis in Seoul. METHODS: Recently, the increase of extreme weather caused by global warming raises the occurrences of unpredictable natural disasters and the loss potential of human disasters by land use facilities accumulation. It is necessary to develop the risk analysis for the natural and human disasters. RESULTS : In this study, heavy snow risk analysis among natural disasters in Seoul was suggested. The spatial unit of risk analysis level was established for the lines and administrative districts. CONCLUSIONS : The risk analysis was performed using risk matrix of disaster occurrence score and disaster damage score. The components affecting the risk disaster analysis by types were analyzed and the application of heavy snow risk analysis was suggested.