This study calculated the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of greenhouse covering materials with thermal screens using a simulation model and then estimated the validity of the calculated results by comparison with measured values. The U-value decreased gradually as the thickness of the air space between the double glazing increased, and then remained essentially constant at thicknesses exceeding 25 mm. The U-value also increased with the difference in temperature between the inside and outside of the hot box. The vigorous convective heat transfer between two plastic films caused unsteady heat flow and then created a nonlinear temperature distribution in the air space. The distance did not affect the U-value at distances of 50~200 mm between the plastic covering and thermal curtain. The numerical calculation results, with and without sky radiation, were in accord with the experimental results for a 30°C temperature difference between the inside and outside of the hot box. In conclusion, a reliable Uvalue can be calculated for a temperature difference of 30°C or more between the inside and outside of the hot box.

The industrialization and urbanization forced to increase the density of pipelines such as water supply, sewers, and gas pipelines. The materials used for the existing pipe lines are mostly composed of concretes and steels, but it is true that the development for more durable and efficient materials has been continued performed to produce long lasting pipe lines. Recently, underground pipes serve in diverse applications such as sewer lines, drain lines, water mains, gas lines, telephone and electrical conduits, culverts, oil lines, etc. In this paper, we present the result of investigation pertaining to the structural behavior of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) flexible pipes buried underground. In the investigation of structural behavior such as a ring deflection, pipe stiffness, 4-point bending test, experimental and analytical studies are conducted. In addition, pipe stiffness is determined by the parallel plate loading tests and the finite element analysis. The difference between test and analysis is about 8% although there are significant variations in the mechanical properties of the pipe material. In addition, it was found by the 4-point bending test there is no problem in the connection between the pipes by coupler.

The paper aims to investigate the Chinese Education and the Overseas Chinese Schools in Korea. As we know, following the strong Economic growth and the rise on the International stage of China, Chinese learning is getting popular and recognized around the world. Korea, a narrow strip of water in neighboring China, and China has a long cultural history. Many Chinese have immigrated or relocated to Korea, since then, the Chinese Education has gained much attention, causing the booming of the Overseas Chinese Schools in Korea. However, as the consequence of the social transformation and modern vicissitude in education, and, moreover, the mergence of Confucius Institutes these years, many Overseas Chinese Schools confront with shut-down crisis. Therefore, this Investigation & Study tries to propose some suggestions in order to light the shadow of the Overseas Chinese Schools.

There are two opinions in academia: one opinion realizes Chinese Character as a shape, or a concrete image in one’s mind. But another realizes Chinese Character as the symbol of language. The two character’s ideologies both have their own applicability and boundedness. They are the results under certain historical conditions, so they can’t satisfy the modern people’s needs of recognitions of character. Therefore, we should define the research objects, stand in the position of semiology, use dialectical materialism and historical materialism and modern scientific methodology, to reexamine Chinese Character, and will find that, Chinese Character is the results which combine the graphic/visual symbol with voice/auditory symbol. It is graphic symbol presenting a certain voice and meaning.

Over the past decade the maritime accident analysis casualties is 10 000 surpassed the persons marine accidents Due to the nature of government response alone is effective neither economic nor nor rich, well versed in local waters assess and advanced form through this site access to rapid private sector resource utilization civil and tube cooperation system building is the most effective and feasible Golden Time successful advanced marine structures within the system structure is possible

GRP pipe (Glass-fiber Reinforced Plastic Pipe) lines making use of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) are generally thinner, lighter, and stronger than the existing concrete or steel pipe lines, and it is excellent in stiffness/strength per unit weight. In this study, we present the result of field test for buried GRP pipes with large diameter(2,400mm). The vertical and horizontal ring deflections are measured for 387 days. The short-term deflection measured by the field test is compared with the result predicted by the Iowa formula. In addition, the long-term ring deflection is predicted by using the procedure suggested in ASTM D 5365(ANNEX) in the range of 40 to 60 years of service life of the pipe based on the experimental results. From the study, it was found that the long-term vertical and horizontal ring deflection up to 60 years is less than the 5% ring deflection limitation.

지역해역에 정통한 주민으로 민간해양구조대를 조직하고 평소에는 지역사회 봉사활동을 전개하며 해양사고 발생 시 민간자원 활용으로 저비용 고효율의 조직운영을 통하여 봉사문화 정착에 기여 할 수 있도록 기회제공 한다. 이 논문에서는 현장 조직의 구조출동체계의 사례를 예로 들어 해양사고 시 골든타임의 중요성을 재인식하는 사례로 삼고자 한다.

Recently, the use of buried flexible pipes is widespread and ever increasing trend in the construction field. In this paper, we present the result of an investigation pertaining to the pipe stiffness of buried unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) pipes. To estimate the mechanical properties of PVC pipe produced by the domestic manufacturers, tensile test specimens were prepared and tested. In addition, parallel plate loading tests for the pipes with 150mm and 400mm inside diameters were conducted. From the test result, the pipe stiffness according to the ASTM D 2412 (2008) is estimated.

Glass fiber reinforced thermosetting polymer plastic (GRP) is widely used in the construction industries due to the advantages of their superior mechanical and physical characteristics. Most of pipes are installed for long-term purposes and they should be safely installed in consideration of installation conditions because there are unexpected various terrestrial loading conditions. In this paper, we present the result of investigation for 253 days pertaining to the structural behavior of flexible pipes buried underground. From the buried test results, we predicted long-term, up to 60 years, ring deflection of GRP pipes buried underground based on the method suggested by the existing literature. It was found that the GRP flexible pipe is appropriate because 5% ring deflection limitation of 60 years could be satisfied.

Mao's awareness about intellectual is very important. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals has influenced their fate. If so, what did Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals come to get change? To do this, we need to study the issues of Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals from 1920’s. In this paper, studied the issues of Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals until Yanan days. Mao's early recognition of the revolutionary movement was very practical, balanced and had recognized. At that times, Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals is as follows: “Intellectuals of Petit bourgeois are very fluctuating political group. Nevertheless, the revolution can not succeed without intellectuals. So we muse welcome the intellectuals to participate in the revolution.” But in 1942 the works of Yanan, their target of criticism was the wrong choice. Literary criticism is the enemy and must be satire. Intellectuals should be to identify the enemy and friend. Mao’s awareness about the intellectuals have changed from practical aspects to absolute principle.

조난을 포함한 해양사고로 인한 인명 재산 환경 피해를 방지 및/또는 최소화하기 위하여 민 관수호구호기관간의 조직적 체계적 협력체계의 구축이 요구된다. 우리 정부는 이 점을 인식하여 수난구호법을 개정하면서 한국해양구조협회의 설립을 의무화하였고, 이에 따라 한국해양구조협회는 2013년 1월 설립되었다. 본 연구에서는 한국해양구조협회가 법령으로부터 위임된 업무뿐만 아니라 해양사고시 수난구호 책임기관인 해양경찰을 신속 효율적으로 지원할 수 있는 기관으로 발전할 수 있는 중장기 방향을 제시한다.

Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) pipes buried underground are attractive for use in harsh environments, such as for the collection and transmission of liquids which are abrasive and/or corrosive. In this paper, we present the result of investigation pertaining to the structural behavior of GRP flexible pipes buried underground. In the investigation of structural behavior such as a ring deflection, experimental and analytical studies are conducted. In addition, vertical ring deflection is measured by the field test and finite element analysis (FEA) is also conducted to simulate behavior of GRP pipe buried underground. Based on the results from the finite element analyses considering soil-pipe interaction the vertical ring deflection behavior of buried GRP pipe is predicted. In addition, analytical and experimental results are compared and discussed.

Materials design and processing development proposed in this study, aims at contributing to high wear resistant and friction characteristics. To find wear resistant and friction with inner elbow pipe, it is needed hardness and frictional condition test to be capable of supplying with high Cr casting steel. The result of HTV(heat treatment in vacuum) shows that hardness increased with increasing Cr content in % carbide phase. It was about 7∼10% of hardness improvement compared to original casting elbow pipe. This behavior of the hardness of Cr casting steel was explained by the types of chemical bonds that hold atoms together in Cr carbide phase. Through the friction coefficient and wear loss test, with the increasing of Cr wt% reduction in the coefficient of friction and wear loss.

본 연구의 목적은 일중피복온실의 피복재에 대하여 우리나라 환경에 적합한 관류열전달계수를 산정하는 방법을 찾아내고 검증하여 다양한 온실조건 및 환경조건에서 관류열전달계수를 산정할 수 있는 모델을 제시하는 것이다. 온실내부 및 외부온도와 피복재 표면온도와의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 주간 및 야간 온도를 모두 고려하였을 때보다 야간온도만을 고려하였을 경우가 상관성이 훨씬 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 피복재의 표면온도가 온실의 외부온도보다는 내부온도와 상관성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 관류열전달계수를 산정하는데 사용된 5가지 종류의 대류 및 복사열전달계수 산정식을 비교한 결과 Kittas가 제안한 대류 및 복사열전달계수 산정식이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 피복재 표면온도의 측정값과 계산 값의 상관성을 분석한 결과 직선의 기울기는 1.009이고 절편은 0.001이며 결정계수가 0.98로 나타나 본 연구에서 제시된 관류열전달계수 산정모델이 신뢰성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 온실내부로부터 피복재 내부표면으로 전달되는 열흐름량의 경우 모든 풍속구간에 대해 대류열전달량이 복사열전달량보다 더 컸으며 풍속이 증가할수록 그 차이가 증가하였다. 외부표면에서 손실되는 열흐름량의 경우 풍속이 낮을 때에는 대류열전달량에 비해 복사열전달량이 더 컸으나 풍속이 증가함에 따라 그 차이는 점점 줄어들어 풍속이 높을 때에는 대류열전달량이 더 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 피복재 외부 표면의 대류열전달량은 내부표면의 대류열전달량에 직선적으로 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 풍속이 증가함에 따라 관류열전달계수는 증가하고 피복재의 표면 온도는 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 변화추세를 보면 관류열전달계수는 거듭제곱함수와 그리고 표면온도는 로그함수와 잘 일치하였다.

Initially, most of ubiquitous city(hereafter u-City) projects in Korea were supported by the government because they focused on providing public services. Having constructed several u-Cities, pioneering people realized that there were several issues to successful operations such as providing useful services to citizens, supporting operational costs, continuing the need for investments, and so on. Recently, public-private collaboration efforts have increased to solve these issues. This paper studies a case of such efforts by applying a Public-Private Partnership Cooperation (PPPC) model to u-City projects. The case study introduces u-City development for an Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ). It is expected that the presented case will help boost the sustain-ability of u-Cities by solving surrounding issues and providing an effective operational mechanism.

This project investigated the use of two types of thermoplastic pipes, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Poly-vinyl Chloride (PVC), as cross-drains under highways. Pipes ranging from 0.3 m (12 in.) to 1.5 m (60 in.) in diameter were evaluated under deep fills, minimum cover, and construction loads. In addition to a comprehensive literature review, an analytical study into the allowable fill heights for thermoplastic pipes and a field study to observe the installation and performance of the pipe in service conditions were conducted. Based on the study findings, recommendations regarding how and when thermoplastic pipe should be installed are provided.

Recently, underground pipes are utilized in various fields of applications such as sewer lines, drain lines, water mains, gas lines, telephone and electrical conduits, culverts, oil lines, etc. Most of pipes are installed for long-term purposes and they should be safely installed in consideration of installation conditions because there are unexpected various terrestrial loading conditions. In this paper, we present the result of investigation pertaining to the structural behavior of glass fiber reinforced thermosetting polymer plastic (GFRP) flexible pipes buried underground. The mechanical properties of the GFRP flexible pipes produced in the domestic manufacturer are determined and the results are reported in this paper. In addition, ring deflection is measured by the field tests and the finite element analysis (FEA) is also conducted to simulate the structural behavior of GFRP pipes buried underground. From the field test results, we predicted long-term, up to 50 years, ring deflection of GFRP pipes buried underground based on the method suggested by the existing literature. It was found that the GFRP flexible pipe to be used for cooling water intake system in the nuclear power plant is appropriate because 5% ring deflection limitation for 50 years could be satisfied.