This study analyzes the certification system and international standard trend for cold storage and proposes evaluation method for the development of KS in accordance with international standards so that high quality products can be supplied to consumers. The international standard for cold storage can be divided into three categories: refrigerator unit, refrigerator warehouse, and cold chain. Each similar standard was analyzed and studied. Among them, AHRI's international standard is the most advanced standard, so test methods and conditions are matched. Finally, the performance evaluation technology and the performance evaluation technology for the refrigerator unit suitable for the domestic situation using the analyzed method were proposed.

In advanced countries, various policies are being enforced to reduce equipment noise level at it’s source. This paper analyses the problems of domestic noise policies related to noisy equipment, and presents a plan for improving the implementation of expansion policy of low noise equipment based on this analysis. This paper proposes that the equipment satisfying the compulsory rule be able to use the environmental certification mark, the standards of which are defined in recommended rules, to improve the linkage between the two policy measures. This paper also suggests expanding the range of equipment to be supervised and using new noise label that has grades and shows detailed noise level of the equipment to improve environmental certification system. In addition, supplementing the construction permission system and supporting international certification system are offered to expand the use of low noise equipment.

내시경역행담췌관조영술(ERCP)은 췌담도 질환의 필수적인 주요한 진단 및 치료 술기이다. 하지만 ERCP는 위 및 대장내시경 보다 고도의 술기와 경험을 필요로 하고, 심각한 합병증을 유발할 수 있다. 기존의 문헌보고에서 ERCP의 시술 경험이 많아질수록 치료 성공률이 증가하고 합병증은 감소한다는 것은 잘 알려져 있어 주의 깊은 교육과정이 필요하다. 국내에서도 대한췌장담도학회를 중심으로 전임의를 위한 ERCP 교육 가이드라인을 제정하는 등 ERCP의 체계적인 교육에 대한 필요성을 인식하고 있으나 아직까지 국내 의료여건상 문서화 및 표준화된 교육과정과 인증절차 확립의 어려움을 가지고 있다. 본고는 외국의 다양한 ERCP 교육과정과 인증제도 현황을 살펴보고 향후 국내에서 ERCP 인증 과정 개발에 도움이 될 수 있으리라 기대한다.

내시경역행담췌관조영술은 적지 않은 합병증이 발생할 수 있는 고난이도의 필수 시술로서, 환자에게 보다 안전한 시술을 제공하며 의료의 질을 높게 유지하기 위해서 췌담도인증의 제도의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이를 위하여 현재 한국의 세부·분과전문의 제도를 살펴보았다. 이러한 우리의 현실을 고려하여 학회 내에 췌담도인증의 준비위원회를 설립하여 대한췌장담도학회 회원뿐만 아니라 관련된 모든 학회의 여러 의견들을 모아 명확한 목적과 목표를 제시하는 것이 필요하겠다.

Ginseng has a unique production system that is different from those used for other crops. It is subject to the Ginseng Industry Act., requires a long-term cultivation period of 4-6 years, involves complicated cultivation characteristics whereby ginseng is not produced in a single location, and many ginseng farmers engage in mixedfarming. Therefore, to bring the production of Ginseng in line with GAP standards, it is necessary to better understand the on-site practices of Ginseng farmers according to established control points, and to provide a proper action plan for improving efficiency. Among ginseng farmers in Korea who applied for GAP certification, 77.6% obtained it, which is lower than the 94.1% of farmers who obtained certification for other products. 13.7% of the applicants were judged to be unsuitable during document review due to their use of unregistered pesticides and soil heavy metals. Another 8.7% of applicants failed to obtain certification due to inadequate management results. This is a considerably higher rate of failure than the 5.3% incompatibility of document inspection and 0.6% incompatibility of on-site inspection, which suggests that it is relatively more difficult to obtain GAP certification for ginseng farming than for other crops. Ginseng farmers were given an average of 2.65 points out of 10 essential control points and a total 72 control points, which was slightly lower than the 2.81 points obtained for other crops. In particular, ginseng farmers were given an average of 1.96 points in the evaluation of compliance with the safe use standards for pesticides, which was much lower than the average of 2.95 points for other crops. Therefore, it is necessary to train ginseng farmers to comply with the safe use of pesticides. In the other essential control points, the ginseng farmers were rated at an average of 2.33 points, lower than the 2.58 points given for other crops. Several other areas of compliance in which the ginseng farmers also rated low in comparison to other crops were found. These inclued record keeping over 1 year, record of pesticide use, pesticide storages, posts harvest storage management, hand washing before and after work, hygiene related to work clothing, training of workers safety and hygiene, and written plan of hazard management. Also, among the total 72 control points, there are 12 control points (10 required, 2 recommended) that do not apply to ginseng. Therefore, it is considered inappropriate to conduct an effective evaluation of the ginseng production process based on the existing certification standards. In conclusion, differentiated certification standards are needed to expand GAP certification for ginseng farmers, and it is also necessary to develop programs that can be implemented in a more systematic and field-oriented manner to provide the farmers with proper GAP management education.

In recent years, interest in halal authentication from the domestic food and cosmetics field has been growing for advances into the overseas halal market. For halal authentication, the product must not contain haram ingredients derived from pig, dog, human, GMO, etc. In this study, the presence of haram ingredients in plant extracts (carrot, oyster mushroom, and pine needle) treated with papain and bromelain and cosmetics (mask pack and cream) containing these extracts were analyzed by PCR to confirm whether these cosmetics were suitable for halal authentication. Detection limits of the PCR method that specifically detected template DNA of human, pig, dog, and GMO were 1.29×103, 1.14×103, 1.24×102 and 2.02×103 copies/tube, respectively. PCR was not inhibited by the plant extracts or cosmetic ingredients. Results of PCR for the plant extracts or cosmetics containing these extracts were all negative. This PCR method could be used to rapidly identify the presence of haram ingredients in raw materials or final products during the manufacturing process of food and cosmetics.

The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the vocalizations of farrowing sows and their piglets in a welfare certified farm and a conventional farm as they are useful parameters for animal welfare assessment. The conventional farm using the gestation stall, farrowing crate and nursery, grower‐finisher pigs were accommodated in small pens. On the other hand, in the welfare certified farm using the group feeding gestation sows, which allows them to turn around in the furrowing pens, unlike in the crates and nursery, grower‐finisher pigs were accommodated in large pens. Vocalization of farrowing sows and their piglets were recoded and acoustic parameters were analyzed. Eight vocalizations―screaming, fighting, playing, suckling competition, suckling, piglet call, frightened, and space competition―were recoded in the farrowing crate and classified; 4 ordinary and 4 non‐ordinary vocalizations were identified. However, frightened and space competition vocalizations were not detected in the farrowing pen. Screaming, fighting, playing, suckling competition, and suckling vocalizations were significantly (p<0.01) different in pitch, intensity and duration between the farrowing pen and the farrowing crate. Piglet call vocalization did not differ between the farrowing facilities. These findings will aid us in using the differences in vocalizations, under different conditions, as parameters of animal welfare assessment.

This paper investigated relationship among internal as well as external motive to receive the ISO 13485 certification, countermeasure to the certification examination, active reception/execution level of the certification, and operational as well as financial performance of the medical device related enterprises in South Korea which received and are maintaining the ISO 13485 certification. SEM (structural equation model) and related analyses using AMOS 21.0 and SPSS 21.0 have been applied to verify the hypotheses of the research. Result of the research showed that internal as well as external motive for certification positively(+) affects active reception/execution level of the certification as well as countermeasure to the certification examination. The reception/execution level of the certification also positively(+) affects on the operational as well as financial performance of the certified enterprises. However, countermeasure to the certification examination was found out to negatively(-) affects the active reception/execution level of the certification and we can interpret that relatively more countermeasure to the certification examination burdens the employees of the enterprise, causing them to be less active on the reception/execution level of the certification. This research found that an enterprise’s operational/financial performance improves when an enterprise introduces the ISO 13485 certification standard spontaneously on the purpose of improving its system and the certification system is applied to the enterprise actively, not passively. This research emphasizes the need to recognize the difference of the level of active reception implication among members of an enterprise according to the motive of introduction of the certification system.

2016년 기준 국내 자동차 등록대수는 약 2,200만대를 육박하고 있으나[1], 국내 자동차용 표준 연료에 대한 기준은 부재한 상황이다. 자동차용 표준연료(Reference Fuel)는 차량의 연비와 배출가스를 인증하거나 새로운 자동차를 개발할 때 차량의 성능 등을 평가하기 위해 사용하는 연료를 의미한다. 현재 국내에는 차량의 배출가스, 성능, 연비시험 등을 위해 유통연료를 사용하고 있으며, 유통연료는 석유 및 석유대체연료사업법과 대기환경보전법상의 품질기준을 만족하지만 각 제조사의 원료와 공정 등에 따라 연료의 물성 차이가 있어 차량 시험 시 편차가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유통되는 자동차용 경유 품질모니터링 분석결과를 바탕으로 자동차용 경유의 시험용 표준연료 기준(안)을 설정하고, CRDI 방식의 차량에 적용하여 표준연료 기준(안)을 평가하였다.

This study is for figuring out major components of construction quality infrastructure and suggesting improvement plan by benchmarking global best practice model and analyzing gap between the model and sample practice. Based on improvement plan, researcher could derive major characters and components of construction quality infrastructure, and also about the priority among core competency components of construction quality experts. The result showed that the 'human resource' was ranked the best priority followed by 'method' 'environment', 'equipment' among major characters and components of construction quality infrastructure. Also, for core competency components of construction quality experts, 'number of years in work places' was the best priority, and the 'professional knowledge on engineering' was another priority ranked. Far from general perception on competency components, 'academic education' ranked the last. It may allude that the current education system in this country is not effective in developing competency of quality engineers. In summary, this study shows professionalism of quality engineer is the most important thing in all the components.

건설현장에서 주로 사용하는 주요 가설기자재 규격에 대한 표준을 정하고 성능에 대한 신뢰를 확보하기 위하여 1992년 처음 도입된 가설기자재 성능검정제도는 2009년 안전인증제도로 변경되어 산업안전보건법 제34조(안전인증) 및 제35조(자율안전확인의 신고)에 근거하여 가설기자재 제조업체의 기술능력과 생산체계, 제품의 성능을 종합적으로 심사하고 안전인증기준에 적합 여부를 검증하여 안전인증표시(마크)를 사용할 수 있도록 하는 제도이다. 성능검정제도는 가설기자재 30종에 대해 제품의 성능만을 시험하여 합격증을 교부하였으나 2009년 1월 1일부터 의무안전인증 가설기자재 12종 33품목과 자율안전확인 신고 가설기자재 8종에 대해서 기술능력 및 생산체계와 제품의 성능을 심사하여 인증서를 교부하는 것으로 변경되었다. 가설기자재의 안전성 및 제품의 신뢰도 향상으로 건설공사 품질 및 안전이 확보됨에도 불구하고 일시적이며 부수적으로 사용되는 자재인 것으로 여겨져 가설기자재의 안전성 확보를 위한 관심과 노력은 매우 미흡하였다. 가설기자재에 대한 관심이 소홀한 가운데 안전성 여부를 확인하기 어려운 재사용가설재가 폭 넓게 사용되고 가설기자재의 가격경쟁이 심화됨에 따라 저가의 재료를 사용한 불법 가설기자재를 생산․유통하는 등 가설기자재 제도 전반에 불법적인 행위가 빈번히 이루어지고 있어 가설기자재 관련 제도와 제품에 대한 안전성과 신뢰의 문제가 다시 제기되고, 향후 가설기자재의 신소재(강화플라스틱 등) 및 신제품(접이식 틀비계 등) 등이 도입될 경우 현행 기준으로는 안전인증 또는 자율안전 확인을 받기 어려우므로 빠르게 진행되는 건설환경 변화에 적절하게 대응하지 못한다는 문제점 또한 제기되고 있다. 가설기자재 관련 문제점들과 제반 현황이 가설기자재를 제조하고 유통하고 사용하는 이해당사자간 신뢰를 잃고 있어 이해당사자간에도 제도 개선을 통한 가설기자재 시장의 정화와 개선이 필요하다는 공감대가 형성되고 있다. 따라서 정부는 가설기자재 관련 문제점을 종합적으로 검토하고 개선하기 위하여 다양한 방향으로 제도개선을 추진하고 있으며, 이와 같은 추진 대책의 일환으로 가설기자재 인증표시 기준에 관한 개선방안 마련을 위하여 가설기자재 생산․유통 및 사용 실태를 파악하고 가설기자재 관련 이해당사자 및 전문가의 의견 수렴 등을 통하여 가설기자재 인증표시 기준을 합리적으로 개선하고 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 연구가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 건설산업에서 중요한 역할을 분담하고 있는 가설기자재의 안전성 향상과 신뢰성 회복을 위한 합리적인 개선방안을 도출하여 산업안전보건법령의 제‧개정에 반영할 필요가 있다.

Despite increasing public concern following mass media coverage regarding the risk of radon to human health and the need to control it, there remains a lack of infrastructure for measuring and mitigating radon. Against this backdrop, this paper is part of an effort to formulate an environment-management framework that can help resolve environmental issues relating to radon, ease fears regarding the associated risks, and provide radon-specific quality services. This study aimed to suggest locally applicable measures for training experts specializing in the fields of measuring and mitigating radon mainly based on US cases in which radon measurement and mitigation certification programs have been systematically run and supervised. Given the lack of both awareness on radon and experts in Korean circumstances, it is necessary to come up with a scheme to develop a radon-specific education program and a framework for expert accreditation. Thus, as groundwork for their introduction considering local circumstances, top-down measures led by the relevant department of government-led organizations, which will act as the control tower, should first be implemented to best utilize the insufficient human resources in this area. In addition, more systematic and detailed educational programs and an expert certification system need to be developed in accordance with the established foundations, and to support their consistent operation, a relevant administrative system should be constructed.