A multi axis whetstone polishing system, which uses the flow system of the stone polishing machine head, has been developed. The test results show that the defect by line contact polishing does not occur in both ends of the stone and that it came to trim smoothly. In terms of the surface roughness, the corresponding index was decreased by 3.6 times, improving the polishing effect greatly. It decreased significantly the dust and noise with the wet polishing. The factors of the duty evasion at production site can thus be solved with the work environment improvement against the polishing process of the stone industry and work intensive reduction.

It used the flow system of the stone polishing machine head and it developed a multi axis whetstone polishing system. With the result, the defect by line contact polishing does not occur in both ends of the stone, and it came to trim smoothly. As the index of the surface roughness decreased to 3.6 times, the polishing effect improved greatly. It decreased greatly the dust and a noise with the wet polishing, and the factors of the duty evasion at production site were solved with the work environment improvement against the polishing process of the stone industry and work intensive reduction.

목적 : 본 연구는 컴퓨터 사용시 발생하는 통증 유무 및 그 부위에 대해 알아보고, 컴퓨터 작업 자세 및 환경과 통증의 관계를 확인하고자 하였다.연구방법 : 연구대상자는 모대학교에 재학 중인 대학생 600명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문지의 내용은 대상자의 일반적인 사항, 컴퓨터 사용 실태에 관한 항목(종류: 데스크 탑, 노트북, 이용 목적, 이용 장소, 이용 시간, 휴식 시간, 통증 정도, 통증 부위 등), 컴퓨터 작업대에 관한 항목(책상, 의자, 모니터, 키보드, 마우스)을 포함한 총 36문항으로 구성되어 있다. 컴퓨터 작업대에 관한 항목은 Ergonomics Working Group에서 개발한 Creating the ideal computer workstation: A step by step guide의 작업대 평가 부분을 번역, 수정한 것으로 컴퓨터 작업대에 관한 점수가 높을수록 통증을 유발시키는 위험이 높아진다는 것을 의미한다. 수거된 설문지는 총 414부였고, 결과분석은 불성실하게 응답한 설문지를 제외한 총 321부의 설문지 결과를 SPSS를 사용하여 빈도분석, 상관관계분석, independent t-test를 실시하였다.결과 : 컴퓨터 사용과 관련하여 통증을 느끼는 학생이 전체의 80.4%였고, 어깨/목(38.4%), 허리(28.5%), 손/손목(25.9%) 부위의 통증을 호소하였다. 통증과 유의한 상관관계를 보인 컴퓨터 작업대에 관한 항목은 모니터, 의자, 키보드였고, 통증유무에 대한 컴퓨터 작업자세 및 환경평가점수를 비교한 결과 통증이 있는 경우 컴퓨터 작업대에 관한 점수가 유의하게 높았다(p<.05).결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 컴퓨터 작업대 환경이 좋지 않을수록 근골격계 통증에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있다. 컴퓨터를 빈번하게 다루는 학생 또는 사무직 근로자들에게 근골격계 예방을 위한 적절한 자세에 대한 교육 및 컴퓨터 사용 환경에 대한 인간공학적인 평가가 필요하다고 사료된다.

현재 국내 인체 이식용 전자 의료기의 이식건수는 매년 약 1800 여건으로 해마다 증가하고 있으며 그 연령대도 다양한 작업환경에 노출되는 청장년층으로 급속히 확대되어 가고 있다. 이러한 이식용 의료기는 인공 심장 박동기, 이식형 제세동기, 진통억제를 위한 이식형 전기 펄스 발생기, 이식형 약물주입기 등을 포함한다. 그러한 기기들은 미세한 생체 신호에 따라 반응하기 때문에 생체 신호이외의 잡음에 의한 오동작은 절대적으로 피해져야 하며 경우에 따라 생명위협과도 직결된다. 본 논문에서는 현재사용 중인 이식형 전자의료기들의 구조와 동작원리, 다양한 작업 환경 하에서 잡음의 영향을 고찰하고, 잡음에 의한 오동작의 방지 방안을 고찰함으로써 전자의료기 인체 삽입자의 작업환경에 따른 안전문제를 제고하고자 한다.

The purposes of establishing accreditation standards for the occupational therapy program are to assure the quality of the program and to assist in the development of the program. Accreditation serves the public as accredited programs modify their requirements to reflect changes in knowledge and practice generally accepted in the field. To students, accreditation provides an assurance that the educational activities of an accredited program have been found to be satisfactory, and therefore meet the needs of students. Also it assists in the transfer of credits between institutions, or in the admission of students to advanced degrees through the general acceptance of credits among accredited institutions when the performance of the students has been satisfactory and the credits to be transferred are appropriate to the receiving institution. The occupational therapy programs benefit from accreditation through the stimulus provided for self-evaluation and self-directed program improvement and strengthening of program self-evaluation by the review and counsel provided through the accrediting agency. At the same time, this process enhances the reputation of an accredited program because of public regard for accreditation. Lastly, the profession of occupational therapy can be strengthened by contributing to the unity of the professions in an activity directed at improving professional preparation and professional practice.

The purpose of this research is to study suitability of a sweeper as a new occupation fitting to the character of the people with the mental retardation. Analysis of job which is necessary to perform the sweeper has been conducted. This research also studied the suitability of the occupation to the individuals with different impairments of physical, sensory function, cognitive function and emotional behavior based on the study of 5 individual participants. Conclusion is as follows. 1. The office building maintenance(sweeper) is an occupation which demands muscular strength of gross motor. Visual perception about a space and an object is mainly needed and the most important facts in the cognitive function are an idea of time, sequence, direction, topographic orientation, & memory. 2. Based on analysis of 5 different individuals who have different functional impairments shows that deteriorated muscular strength (compare to non-disabled person) didn’t affect the job. On the contrary, visual perception and emotional behavior problems are two biggest challenges to the occupation. 3. Not requiring dexterity of hands movement as in the manufacturing industry and broad acting radius, those two facts made a sweeper a suitable occupation for the people with mental retardation who lack dexterity in acting and concentration. Based on the research, a sweeper is a suitable occupation fitting to the character of the people with mental retarcation and it is therefore need to generalize the result of the research by conducting a follow-up research with more participants.

Serious consequences can arise from lack of hygiene in mass catering. Microbiological testing is of value in determining hazards for developing a HACCP plan, and in demonstrating to food handlers the reality of the microbial risk. This studies was performed to describe the overall hygiene of cooking utensils and equipments, employees, and environment in mass catering establishments. Generally, hygienic conditions of cutting board and sanitized dish cloth were better than those of other cooking utensils such as knife, sieve, and peeler. It was found that the cross-contamination of knife might be caused by the use of contaminated sanitizing solution. It was observed that there was considerable variation (10¹-10^5 CFU) of the number of general bacteria for employee's hands. The number of general bacteria were influenced from establishment, employee, and the period of analysis. The number of Coliform group for employee's hands was in the range of 10²-10⁴ CFU only at the first analysis. Total aerial bacteria in working area of mass catering establishments was below 7 CFU/Plate and aerial Staphylococcus sp. was not detected at all except one spot.

Three pork fabrication processing were examined for isolation and serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes. Three hundred thirty samples were collected from gloves, knife sharpeners, knives, cutting boards, conveyer belts, skinning machines, working room air, pig carcasses, and cut meat. Among the 234 samples taken from processing environment, the isolation rates of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. were 17.5%, 34.2% respectively. Isolation rates of Listeria monocytogenes from different specimens during processing were 20.8% in gloves, 21.3% in knife sharpeners, 14.6% in knives, 20.8% in cutting boards, 28.6% in conveyer belts, 16.7% in skinnig machines. Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. were not detected in working room air. Isolation rate of Listeria monocytogenes 14.6% in pork was increased compared to that of 8.5% in pig carcasses (p$lt;0.05). The serovars of 41 isolates from processing environment were 4b 36.6%, 1/2a 24.4%, 4ab 17.0%, 4a 4.9%, 1/2c 2.4%, and 4c 2.4%. The serovars of 4b, 1/2a, 4ab were detected from carcassess and cut meats.

The purpose of the present study is to identify potentially hazardous factors which can contribute to the outbreak of foodborne disease and to represent more practical management methods in terms of environmental sanitation and facilities for the kitchen. 230 Korean-style restaurants in Seoul were assessed and analyzed by the restaurant total area. Facilities and sanitary check-lists were developed to evaluate the facilities and sanitary conditions of sampled restaurants. The sanitary condition of kitchen, guest room and other area were assessed by the sanitary score. The basic cooking machinery and utensil were properly facilitated but automation machinery were equiped below 10% sampled restaurants. The kitchen area were not properly sufficient to total area. Sanitary condition of kitchen, guest room, cooking appliance and stored foods were evaluated as the unsatisfactory state with potentially hazardous. Concrete guidelines should be made in terms of following item; establishment for the kitchen space expansion, facilities for the improvement of the working environment and sanitary condition of foods cooked. Additionaly, it need to practice the effective education and training program for the foodservice manager and employees.

Object manipulation in cluttered environments remains an open hard problem. In cluttered environments, grasping objects often fails for various reasons. This paper proposes a novel task and motion planning scheme to grasp objects obstructed by other objects in cluttered environments. Task and motion planning (TAMP) aims to generate a sequence of task-level actions where its feasibility is verified in the motion space. The proposed scheme contains an open-loop consisting of three distinct phases: 1) Generation of a task-level skeleton plan with pose references, 2) Instantiation of pose references by motion-level search, and 3) Re-planning task based on the updated state description. By conducting experiments with simulated robots, we show the high efficiency of our scheme.

To prevent increasing instances of heat-related illnesses due to heat waves generated by climate change, a customized thermal environment index should be developed for outdoor workers. In this study, we conducted sensitivity analysis of the Masan harbor during a heat wave period (August 9th to 15th, 2013) using the MENEX model with metabolic rate and clothing-insulation data, in order to obtain realistic information about the thermal environment. This study shows that accurate input data are essential to gather information for thermophysiological indices (PST, DhR, and OhR). PST is sensitive to clothing insulation as a function of clothing. OhR is more sensitive to clothing insulation during the day and to the metabolic rate at night. From these results, it appears that when exposed to high-temperature thermal environments in summer, wearing highly insulated clothing and getting enough rest (to lower the metabolic rate) can aid in preventing heat-related illnesses. Moreover, in the case of high-intensity harbor work, quantification of allowed working time (OhR) during heat waves is significant for human health sciences.

In this paper, a localization algorithm and an autonomous controller for PETASUS system II which is an underwater vehicle-manipulator system, are proposed. To estimate its position and to identify manipulation targets in a structured environment, a multi-rate extended Kalman filter is developed, where map information and data from inertial sensors, sonar sensors, and vision sensors are used. In addition, a three layered control structure is proposed as a controller for autonomy. By this controller, PETASUS system II is able to generate waypoints and make decisions on its own behaviors. Experiment results are provided for verifying proposed algorithms.

In this study, asbestos in air during dismantlement and removal of slate roof tiles and asbestos that could linger in mask filter and safety wear were investigated. In addition, a wetting agent and its physical properties for water were studied, while the possibility of prevention of drift was assessed based on the properties. According to the analysis of 100 air samples, asbestos concentrations ranged from 0.001 to 0.007 f/cc and the average was 0.002 f/cc. The concentrations of asbestos in all the samples were below 0.01 f/cc, emission limit for asbestos-removal facilities. The use of a wetting agent and the use of water were compared to analyze asbestos concentration in air during asbestos removal. According to the analysis, asbestos concentration was 0.002 f/cc on average with wetting agents and the concentration was 0.003 f/cc when water was used. The surface tension of wetting agents showed 28.9 to 42.1 mN/m range and the average was 34.9 mN/ m. The surface tension of tap water showed 72.2 mN/m. Water-absorption time was from 16 seconds to 300 seconds for wetting agents and the agents showed a significant difference with one another. Surface area on the roof tiles was measured by instillation of its spread. For wetting agents, the range was from 31.2 to 64.7 cm2, with the average of 40.6 cm2 and all wetting agents showed larger areas than tap water. Drying rate was measured for the assessment of wetting. According to the measurement, the rate ranged from 0.094 to 0.144 min−1 and 0.110 min−1 was the average. It was found that the drying rate of tap water was bigger than those of all the wetting agents, but some wetting agents did not show a big difference.