In actual language corpus, there exists a phenomenon of semantic dislocation between “Du1 (度1)” and “Du2 (度2)”. The sense of “Du1 (度1)” is mainly a noun, but it also has a verb sense of “according to rules”. On the other hand, “Du2 (度2)” is mainly a verb, but it has a noun sense, which is a military term. Based on domain restriction analysis, this paper analyzes the syntactic position, semantic evolution and domain restriction changes of the dislocated semantics, and examines the semantic evolution process of the two. It is found that when the verbal noun “Du (度)” undergoes a part-of-speech change, it is often influenced by external factors of language, leading to a sudden mutation in domain restriction. However, when “Du (度)” is only subject to internal language mechanisms, its part-of-speech does not change, and it only extends new meanings within the domain field and transitional domain field. Therefore, the study of domain restriction has practical significance in the classification of Chinese verbs and nouns.

Based on the previous studies, this paper intends to comb and sort out the related literature, dialect, foreign languages, images and object data to pushed the research of steamed bread,which is the common cooked wheaten food, into a deeper stage. First of all, this article tries to draw the outline of the evolution of appellation from ancient to present. differentiate and analyze the concept and objective being of other names of steamed bread. What’s more, it explore the named motivation and distinguish different opinions about etymology. In addicion, the Word-formation of steamed bread were analyzed. The study figures out that fillings are wrapped, head shape, smooth without wrinkles are not only the central feature of steamed bread but also as the main bases of its naming motivation. Originally steamed bread was Modifier-head Disyllabic Compounds, and afterwards it became Affixed Double-syllable Words.

본 연구는 해상에서 전쟁억제와 한반도 평화를 담당하고 있으며, 국가경제의 핵심인 해상교통로 (SLOC) 보호 역할을 담당하고 있는 한국해군을 대상으로 Miles & Snow의 경영전략 이론에 근거하여 해군전략의 진화과정을 분석한 연구로서 다음과 같은 의의가 있다. 첫째, 군사전략과 경영전략 개념의 통 합을 시도한 최초 연구로서 해군전략의 개념, 수준, 수단과 방법 등을 경영전략 관점에서 살펴보았다는 것이다. 또한 해군이라는 국가조직을 창군기 부터 2022년 현재까지 경영학 관점에서 사례연구를 시도했 다는데 큰 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 둘째, Miles & Snow(1978)의 전략유형 적용범위와 대상을 확장하였다. Miles & Snow(1978)에서는 특정 시점에서의 전략유형을 구분했으나, 본 연구는 시간의 흐름에 따라 특 정 조직인 한국 해군의 전략 변화 과정을 고찰한다. 이를 통해 Miles & Snow의 전략유형의 적용범위를 확장하고 경영전략 차원에서 미래 한국해군의 해군전략 개념 도출에 기여하였다. 기업이 지속적인 탐험과 탐색활동을 통해 환경과 기술발전을 고려한 경쟁전략을 선택할 때 경쟁우위와 성과를 달성할 수 있듯 이 해군전략도 국가목표 달성과 국익 보호를 위해 환경변화에 따라 조직구조, 추진 전략이 끊임없이 변화 와 진화되어야 함을 보여준다. 셋째, 국가조직 내부의 시각이 아닌 외부 주요 이해관계자의 관점에서 해군 전략을 연구하는 최초의 시도로, 관료제 조직의 한계점을 보완하고, 해군 전략수립과 실행에 일정한 논리 적 근거를 제공 한다. 특히, 제한된 국방비와 병력구조를 극복하기 위해 해양강국을 힘으로 뒷받침할 수 있는 강한 해군력 건설을 목표로 한국해군이 추진 중인 해군비전 2045, SMART Navy1), Navy Sea GHOST2), 한국형항공모함 및 미래핵추진잠수함 확보 사업 등 좀 더 객관적으로 바라볼 수 있는 전환기 적 시각을 제공한다.

Coal tar pitch is a product with high carbon content and aromatic compounds. Modified coal tar pitch is a high quality raw material for the preparation of intermediate phase pitch, needle coke, carbon microspheres, et al. In this paper, modified coal tar pitch was used as raw material, nitrogen was used as protective gas, and thermal conversion was carried out at constant temperatures (370, 390, 410, 420 °C). Polarized light microscopy, SEM, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and XRD diffraction combined with split-peak fitting were used to characterize the microstructures of the thermal transformation products. The results showed that the Iar and CH3/ CH2 contents of the products increased with the gradual increase of the thermal conversion temperature, and the aromatic content increased. And the higher the temperature at the same heating rate, the more the ideal graphite microcrystal content, and the defective graphite microcrystals are converted into ideal graphite microcrystals during the thermal conversion process. When the reaction temperature exceeds 390 °C, the microstructure of the thermal transformation products is anisotropic spheres, and the small spheres fuse with each other and tend to be basin-like and mosaic structure as the temperature increases.

Hydrogen energy is a promising source of renewable and clean energy for various industries, such as chemical, automobile, and energy industries. Electrolysis of water is one of the basic methods for the production of hydrogen energy. However, the high overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis has hindered the effective production of hydrogen using this method. Thus, the development of high-efficiency non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts for OER is extremely significant. In this study, we adopted a one-step hydrothermal method to fabricate Ni-based catalysts with N/Sdual doped graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (GO/CNT) supports using thiourea ( CH4N2S) and urea as the S source and the N source. It was observed that the amount of thiourea utilized in the synthesis of the catalyst affected the morphology, composition, and the electrochemical properties of the catalyst. For a GO/CNT-to-thiourea mass ratio of 1:10, the catalyst exhibited the highest activity, where the OER overpotential was 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. This was attributed to the high specific surface area, high conductivity, and fast electron transport channels of the N/S-dual doped GO/ CNT composite. Furthermore, sulfurization of the Ni particles to form nickel sulfide played a significant role in enhancing the catalytic performance.

하와이는 깨끗한 휴양지와 현대적 경관이 어우러진 세계적인 관광지로 써 많은 여행객들의 발걸음을 이끌어왔다. 이뿐 아니라 19세기 중반 이 후 사탕수수 산업의 호황으로 가속화되어온 세계 여러 지역으로부터의 하와이로의 노동이주 물결은 동서문명 조우의 공간이자 다문화주의의 중 심지로서의 발전을 추동케 했다. 이처럼 하와이는 주민들의 상대에 대한 포용과 이해를 바탕으로 한 환대정신과 하와이 관광 산업의 중심축을 구 성하는 환대산업과 더불어 하와이 특유의 문화다양성이 잘 어우러져 세 계적인 환대도시로서의 입지를 공고히 해 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 하와 이의 관광·다문화를 중심으로 한 환대성의 이면에 교묘한 군사주의와 식 민주의로 대변되는 적대성이 존재한다는 사실을 비판적으로 성찰하였다. 미국은 1893년 하와이를 점령하였으며, 1941년 진주만 피습 이후 이 사 건을 하와이 역사의 중추적 내러티브로 재구성하며 진주만, 특히 USS Arizona 기념관이 하와이의 주력 관광상품으로 발돋움하게 되었다. 이를 통해 그 이면에 은폐된 미국의 군사주의와 원주민의 주권 상실의 역사를 교묘하게 감추어왔다. 또한 본 연구는 하와이를 표상하는 다문화주의의 배경을 환태평양 지역의 제국주의와 식민주의적 맥락에서 고찰하였다. 하와이 왕국을 전복시킨 미국 본토에서 넘어온 백인들은 하와이 사탕수 수 산업을 장악하였고, 이에 따라 값싼 아시아계 노동이민자들의 원활한 정착을 위해 다문화주의를 의도적으로 전파한 정착형 식민주의를 주목할 필요가 있다.

The construction method of scaffolding structures is different from Mortise and Tenon and bucket arch structure of traditional large woodwork. It forms an independent construction system-fixing nodes with knots, a large number of diagonal braces are used to fix shelves and the structures mostly contain X-shape and triangular shape details. Simple ones include stalls, sheds, rain sheds, altars, lamp racks etc. But the scaffolding with larger scale and more complicated structure are modeled on archways, theatres and other buildings which are used in commercial and festival activities. At present, Macao, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shanxi and other places in China have retained the custom of using scaffolding structures in important festival activities, but their uses, techniques and building types are slightly different from place to place. Due to building and demolishing at any time, the construction and service cycle is short. As a result, there are almost no physical objects left. We can only deduce the use and technical characteristics of ancient scaffolding skills through the colorful building styles that have been preserved with folk activities in various parts of China, the craftsmanship handed down from generation to generation by the scaffolding guild and artisans, and the description of cultural and historical materials and the mutual corroboration of visual materials.

The evolvement in the microstructure and electrical properties of PAN-based carbon fibers during high-temperature carbonization were investigated. The study showed that as the heat treatment temperature increases, the change of carbon fiber resistivity around 1100 °C can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the carbon content of the fiber increased rapidly, and small molecules such as nitrogen were gradually released to form a turbostratic of carbon crystal structure. The resistivity dropped rapidly from 3.19 × 10− 5 Ω·m to 2.12 × 10− 5 Ω·m. In the second stage, the carbon microcrystalline structure gradually became regular, and the electron movement area gradually became larger. At this time, the resistivity further decreases, from 2.12 × 10− 5 Ω·m to 1.59 × 10− 5 Ω·m. During carbonization, the tensile strength of carbon fiber first increased and then decreased. This is because the irregular and disordered graphite structure is formed first. As the temperature rose, the graphite layer spacing decreased and the grain thickness gradually increases. The modulus also gradually increased.

Numerical modeling and scenario composition are needed to characterize the geological environment of the disposal site and analyze the long-term evolution of natural barriers. In this study, processes and features of the hydro-mechanical behavior of natural barriers were categorized and represented using the interrelation matrix proposed by SKB and Posiva. A hydro-mechanical coupled model was evaluated for analyzing stress field changes and fracture zone re-activation. The processes corresponding to long-term evolution and the hydro-mechanical mechanisms that may accompany critical processes were identified. Consequently, practical numerical methods could be considered for these geological engineering issues. A case study using a numerical method for the stability analysis of an underground disposal system was performed. Critical stress distribution regime problems were analyzed numerically by considering the strata’s movement. Another case focused on the equivalent continuum domain composition under the upscaling process in fractured rocks. Numerical methods and case studies were reviewed, confirming that an appropriate and optimized modeling technique is essential for studying the stress state and geological history of the Korean Peninsula. Considering the environments of potential disposal sites in Korea, selecting the optimal application method that effectively simulates fractured rocks should be prioritized.

Carbonates are inorganic ligands that are abundant in natural groundwater. They strongly influence radionuclide mobility by forming strong complexes, thereby increasing solubility and reducing soil absorption rates. We characterized the spectroscopic properties of Am(III)-carbonate species using UV-Vis absorption and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The deconvoluted absorption spectra of aqueous Am(CO3)2 − and Am(CO3)3 3− species were identified at redshifted positions with lower molar absorption coefficients compared to the absorption spectrum of aqua Am3+. The luminescence spectrum of Am(CO3)3 3− was red-shifted from 688 nm for Am3+ to 695 nm with enhanced intensity and an extended lifetime. Colloidal Am(III)-carbonate compounds exhibited absorption at approximately 506 nm but had non-luminescent properties. Slow formation of colloidal particles was monitored based on the absorption spectral changes over the sample aging time. The experimental results showed that the solubility of Am(III) in carbonate solutions was higher than the predicted values from the thermodynamic constants in OECD-NEA reviews. These results emphasize the importance of kinetic parameters as well as thermodynamic constants to predict radionuclide migration. The identified spectroscopic properties of Am(III)-carbonate species enable monitoring time-dependent species evolution in addition to determining the thermodynamics of Am(III) in carbonate systems.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is very sluggish compared to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Considering this difference is essential when designing and developing a cost-effective and facile synthesis method for a catalyst that can effectively perform OER activity. The material should possess a high surface area and more active sites. Considering these points, in this work we successfully synthesized sheets of cobalt phosphate hydrate (CP) and sulphurated cobalt phosphate hydrate (CPS) material, using simple successive ionic layered adsorption and reaction (SILAR) methods followed by sulfurization. The CP and CPS electrodes exhibited overpotentials of 279 mV with a Tafel slope of 212 mV dec1 and 381 mV with a Tafel slope of 212 mV dec1, respectively. The superior performance after sulfurization is attributed to the intrinsic activity of the deposited well-aligned nanosheet structures, which provided a substantial number of electrochemically active surface sites, speeded electron transfer, and at the same time improved the diffusion of the electrolyte.

Environmental issues such as global warming due to fossil fuel use are now major worldwide concerns, and interest in renewable and clean energy is growing. Of the various types of renewable energy, green hydrogen energy has recently attracted attention because of its eco-friendly and high-energy density. Electrochemical water splitting is considered a pollution-free means of producing clean hydrogen and oxygen and in large quantities. The development of non-noble electrocatalysts with low cost and high performance in water splitting has also attracted considerable attention. In this study, we successfully synthesized a NiCo2O4/NF electrode for an oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline water splitting using a hydrothermal method, which was followed by post-heat treatment. The effects of heat treatment on the electrochemical performance of the electrodes were evaluated under different heat-treatment conditions. The optimized NCO/NF-300 electrode showed an overpotential of 416 mV at a high current density of 50 mA/cm2 and a low Tafel slope (49.06 mV dec-1). It also showed excellent stability (due to the large surface area) and the lowest charge transfer resistance (12.59 Ω). The results suggested that our noble-metal free electrodes have great potential for use in developing alkaline electrolysis systems.