High-efficiency phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes using TCTA-TAZ as a double host and Ir(ppy)3 as a dopant were fabricated and their electro-luminescence properties were evaluated. The fabricated devices have the multi-layered organic structure of 2-TNATA/NPB/(TCTA-TAZ) : Ir(ppy)3/BCP/SFC137 between an anode of ITO and a cathode of LiF/AL. In the device structure, 2-TNATA[4,4',4"-tris(2-naphthylphenyl-phenylamino)-triphenylamine] and NPB[N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine] were used as a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, respectively. BCP [2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline] was introduced as a hole blocking layer and an electron transport layer, respectively. TCTA [4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine] and TAZ [3-phenyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole] were sequentially deposited, forming a double host doped with Ir(ppy)3 in the [TCTA-TAZ] : Ir(ppy)3 region. Among devices with different thickness combinations of TCTA (50 Å-200 Å) and TAZ (100 Å-250 Å) within the confines of the total host thickness of 300 Å and an Ir(ppy)3-doping concentration of 7%, the best electroluminescence characteristics were obtained in a device with 100 Å-think TCTA and 200 Å-thick TAZ. The Ir(ppy)3 concentration in the doping range of 4%-10% in devices with an emissive layer of [TCTA (100 Å)-TAZ (200 Å)] : Ir(ppy)3 gave rise to little difference in the luminance and current efficiency.

A high efficiency roll-type electret polypropylene (PP) filter with an external electric field was developed and its particle collection efficiency and air cleaning capacity was investigated in a room when applied to an air cleaner having a fan. To enhance air cleaning performance of the cleaner, a wire-plate type ionizer was installed in front of the filter to enhance electric field to filter and one side of the filter was embossed by press of a pattern with a lot of circular projection. Performance test results showed that the newly developed electret PP filter with an ionizer becomes an appropriate filter to be applied to indoor air cleaner due to its low pressure drop and high air cleaning performance.

The atmospheric aldehyde compounds were sampled by high efficiency diffusion scrubber (HEDS) and analyzed by HPLC. The sampling and analysis process can be automated and performed in real-time by continuous sampling of HEDS. All carbonyl compounds regulated by the odor regulation law can be measured in sub-ppbv level and in real-time by the HEDS-HPLC system.

We developed a new tooth profile designed for P/M internal gear pump rotors. The theoretical discharge volume of the new tooth profile internal gear rotors is more than 10% higher than that of the same size conventional rotors. Our new profile rotors can achieve a decrease in torque, and fuel-efficiency will also be improved.

원자력시설에서 방사성요오드 제거용으로 사용되는 TEDA 첨착활성탄의 고온공정에서치 메틸요오드의 제거성능을 은이온제올라이트(AgX)와 상호 비교하였다. 3-40 온도범위에서 온도에 따른 메틸요오드의 흡착량 및 탈착후 잔존량을 측정한 결과, 비첨착활성탄의 흡착성능은 온도가 증가함에 따라 급격히 감소하지만 TEDA 첨착활성탄의 흡착성능은 10 부근에서도 AgX-10과 거의 유사한 값을 나타내었고, 탈착후 잔존량은 25 까지도 비첨착활성탄에 비하여 매우 높은 값을 유지하였다. 또한 10 이상의 고온공정에서 AgX 및 TEDA 첨착활성탄을 충전한 고정층 파과특성을 상호 비교한 결과 10 이상에서 AgX-10의 메틸요오드 흡착량 및 잔존량은 TEDA 첨착활성탄에 비하여 평균 30%정도 높은 값을 나타내어 고온에서 더 흡착성능이 우수함을 보여주고 있다. 흡착반응 후 생성된 기체의 성분을 분석한 결과를 토대로 AgX-10 흡착제를 충전한 고정층에서 메틸요오드 제거 메카니즘을 제안하였다.

The study aims to build a model for evaluating the effectiveness of activities and the effectiveness of financial investments in hightech industries in Kazakhstan. The development of high-tech industries plays an important role in the economic growth of a country. In this regard, it is relevant to study the effectiveness of financing the most important industry in Kazakhstan. The development of the high-tech sector ensures the efficient functioning of the national innovation system. High-tech enterprises are one of the competitive sectors that allow us to develop and implement leading-edge innovations with the goal of their subsequent commercialization domestically and abroad. The author defines the multicriteria of efficiency in a knowledge-based economy associated with achieving an economic effect with multivariate correlation of results with costs. A multivariate dynamic model, an integral indicator of performance, an integral indicator of cost-effectiveness is proposed. The assessment of the effectiveness of financial costs and performance indicators in all regions of Kazakhstan have the positive dynamics of indicators, as well as a high economic effect. The results of the study can be applied in regional management to adequately assess the effectiveness of high-tech organizations and the effectiveness of financial investments, contribution to ensuring the economic security of the region.

This paper presents about design efforts of a human-sized quadruped robot leg for high energy efficiency, and verifications. One of the representative index of the energy efficiency is the Cost of Transport (COT), but increased in the energy or work done is not calculated in COT. In this reason, the input to the output energy efficiency should be also considered as a very important term. By designing the robot with customized motor housing, small rotational inertia, and low gear ratio to reduce friction, high energy efficiency was achieved. Squatting motion of one leg was performed and simulation results were compared to the experimental results for validation. The developed 50 kg robot can lift the weight up to 200 kg, and during squatting, it showed high energy efficiency. The robot showed 71% input to output energy efficiency in positive work. Peak current during squatting only appears to be 0.3 A.

To achieve energy efficiency improvement is used to lower temperature for emission gas at catalyst inlet, or to reduce/stop using steam to reheat emission gas. Saved energy from this process can be used as power source in order to increase generation efficiency. Dry emission gas treatment, on the other hand, is the technology to increase generation efficiency by using highly efficient desalination materials including highly-responsive slaked lime and sodium type chemicals in order to comply with air pollution standards and reduce used steam volume for reheating emission gas. If dry emission gas is available, reheating is possible only with the temperature of 45℃ in order to expect generation efficiency by reducing steam volume for reheating. Retention energy of emission gas from combustion is calculated by emission gas multiplied by specific heat and temperature. In order to obtain more heat recovery from combustion emission gas, it is necessary to reduce not only exothermic loss from boiler facilities but emission calorie of emission gas coming out of boiler facilities. In order to reduce emission calorie of emission gas, it is efficient to realize temperature lowering for the emission gas temperature from the exit of heat recovery facility and reduce emission gas volume. When applying low temperature catalysts, the energy saving features from 0.03% to 2.52% (average 1.28%). When increasing the excess air ratio to 2.0, generation efficiency decreases by 0.41%. When the inlet temperature of the catalyst bed was changed from 210℃ to 180℃, greenhouse gas reduction results were 47.4, 94.8, 118.5, 142.2 thousand tons-CO2/y, CH4 was calculated to be 550.0, 1100.1, 1375.1, 1650.1 kg-CH4/y, and N2O was 275.0, 550.0, 687.6, 825.1 kg-N2O/y. In the case of high efficiency dry flue gas treatment, reduction of greenhouse gases by the change of temperature 120~160℃ and exhaust gas 5,000 ~ 6,500 ㎥/ton is possible with a minimum of 355,461 ton/y of CO2 and minimum 4,125 tons of CH4/y to a maximum of 6,325 ton/y and N2O to a minimum of 2,045 kg/y to a maximum of 3,135 kg/y.

In the case of steel railway bridges passing through the urban area, many civil complaints are being raised due to such a structure borne noise. A method of attaching a high-efficiency damping panel to a steel plate is proposed as a solution to the structure borne noise, but the behavior according to the exact adhesion rate is not shown. Therefore, in this paper, a basic study for applying a high efficiency damping panel to a steel railway bridges is to measure the mobility according to the adhesion rate of a high efficiency damping panel on a 1m × 1m steel plate.

As of 2013, approximately 253 domestic incineration facilities including incineration facilities for municipal waste and industrial wastes were collected. The distribution of domestic incineration heat through these incineration facilities is estimated to reach about 1,756 thousands toe by 2013. In this study, a high temperature and pressure boiler was applied to evaluate the improvement effect of power generation efficiency of waste incineration facilities. It is possible to increase the power generation efficiency of the steam turbine by increasing the heat loss of the turbine through the high temperature and pressure depending on the steam pressure and the temperature. The boiler main steam amount is reduced by about 10% due to the high temperature and pressure, but the increase rate of the heat fall rate is larger than the decrease rate of the steam flow rate, so that the power generation efficiency is improved. In case of steam temperature, the steam temperature is increased by 50 ℃ at 500 ℃ and 20 kg/㎠ at the pressure of 20 kg/㎠×300 ℃, and it is increased by 10 kg/㎠ to 60 kg/㎠, electricity production changes were investigated. Electricity production increased with increasing temperature and pressure. The electricity production increased by 51.03 % at 40 kg/㎠×400 ℃ and by 89.07 % at 60 kg/㎠×500 ℃, compared to the standard condition of 20 kg/㎠×300 ℃ for comparison. The boiler main steam amount is reduced by about 10 % due to the high temperature and pressure, but the increase rate of the heat fall rate is larger than the decrease rate of the steam flow rate, so that the power generation efficiency is improved. In case of steam temperature, the steam temperature is increased by 50 ℃ at 500 ℃ and 20 kg/㎠ at the pressure of 20 kg/㎠×300 ℃, and it is increased by 10 kg/㎠ to 60 kg/㎠. Electricity production changes were investigated. Electricity production increased with increasing temperature and pressure. The electricity production increased by 51.03 % at 40 kg/㎠×400 ℃ and by 89.07 % at 60 kg/㎠×500 ℃, compared to the standard condition of 20 kg/㎠×300 ℃ for comparison.

The present research examined the technological trends in optimizing the gasification of waste. Generally, when the percentage of impurities in waste is high, the energy density is low. High-temperature and high-pressure steam is difficult to obtain during energy recovery in incineration. Therefore, the energy recovery rate is low. However, if reaction conditions were optimized in gasification technology, it would be possible to produce synthetic gas with a high percentage of CO and H2. With regard to synthetic gas, there are many different types of energy recovery (steam turbines, gas turbines, gas engines) other than incineration, and it is possible to improve the recovery ratio through gas cleaning. Technologies that have the potential to optimize gasification in each phase were studied. With regard to domestic industry, optimization technology should be applied when planning and operating waste gasification.

This study describes the design and corrosion-resistant materials for a high-efficiency waste-to-energy (WtE) plant. WtEtechnology is one of the most robust and effective alternative energy options to reduce CO2 emissions and to conservelimited fossil fuel resources, which are used by traditional power plants. The recently published 3rd edition of the CEWEP(confederation of european waste-to-energy plants) energy efficiency report demonstrated the energy efficiency criterion(R1 formula) that was introduced in the waste framework directive and has proven to be an incentive for WtE plants inEurope to improve their energy efficiency. The design combines the optimal use of the corrosion resistant properties ofinconel with an efficient boiler design (Amsterdam) and turbine layout. It uses a steam-steam reheater to realize thisefficiency as well as high availability and low maintenance. The high-efficiency WtE plant is an economical choice thatmakes a very positive contribution to sustainable electricity production.

Sulfur hexafluoride has an extremely high global warming potential (GWP) because of strong absorption of infraredradiation and long atmospheric lifetime which cause the global warming effect. This study is to identify the effects ofdestruction and removal efficiency of SF6 by the addition of conditioning agent (oxygen, water vapor and hydrogen) whenusing the high ionization energy. The irradiation intensity of ionization energy was 2mA, 5mA, 10mA and 15mA. TheSF6 was completely removed with H2O and H2 gas injection at 2mA. Main by-products were HF and F2 gases. HF andF2 gas formation was increased with irradiation intensity increasing. Most of the by-products of particle were sulfur andmetal sulfate.

A field study was conducted to understand nitrogen use efficiency of high yielding Japonica rice varieties under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (90, 150 and 210 kg N ha -1 ) in Iksan, Korea. Two high yielding rice varieties, Boramchan and Deuraechan, and an control variety, Dongjin2, were grown in fine silty paddy. Nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE) were 83.3, 56.3, and 41.2 in 90, 150, and 210 kg N ha -1 fertilizer level, respectively. Total nitrogen uptake varied significantly among nitrogen levels and varieties. Variety Dongjin2 showed the highest nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), while Boramchan and Deuraechan showed higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE). However, Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) was higher in Boramchan (0.58) than Deuraechan (0.57) and Dongjin2 (0.53). Rough rice yield showed linear relationship with total nitrogen uptake (R 2 =0.72) within the range of nitrogen treatments. Boramchan produced significantly higher rough rice yield (8546 kg ha -1 ) which mainly due to higher number of panicles per m 2 compared to Deuraechan (7714 kg ha -1 ). Deuraechan showed higher number of spikelets per panicle, but showed lower yield due to lower number of panicle per m 2 . Rice varieties showed different nitrogen uptake ability and NUE at different nitrogen level. Plant breeders and agronomist should take advantage of the significant variations and relationships among grain yield, NUpE, and NUE.

SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) gas has an extremely high global warming potential (GWP) because of strong absorption of infrared radiation and long atmospheric lifetime which cause the global warming effect. The objective of this study is to identify the effects of destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of SF6 by the addition of oxygen, water vapor and hydrogen. The applied dose of ionization energy was 1,028 kGy(5 mA). The initial concentrations of SF6, O2, H2O and H2 gases were 1,000 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm, respectively. The DRE was increased about 2 times with O2 gas injection. The SF6 was completely removed with H2O and H2 gas injection. By-products formed by SF6 destruction were mainly HF and F2 gases. In addition, SF2, NF3, N2O, SO2, SO2F2, and NOx gases were produced.

Plant transformation systems have been developed using several different approaches, and the development of reliable and efficient transformation systems is still one of the most important breakthroughs in molecular biology and biotechnology of rice. However, there are many cultivars in rice and transformation efficiency is dependent on the cultivar. The conventional Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation system using secondary calli requires 14-16 weeks for establishing transgenic plantlets, and it is thought that somaclonal variation through the Tos17 retrotransposon occurs during the tissue culture stage. Here, we modified an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in rice cultivar Dongjin, adding an endosperm removal step that is critical to transformation frequency and changing the Agrobacterium strain and media composition. This method increased transformation efficiency and stability. These results will provide valuable information for scientists to use a reliable and efficient rice transformation system.