The Public preservation measure is a Kind of legal sanctions other than criminal punishments, which is to be imposed on a person who should be protected, because of his (her) future risk on the ground of his(her) behaviors open to the public, for the main purpose of giving medical treatment or educating or reinstating. Therefore in the view of a possibility of risk according to the responsibility, generally a criminal punishment has been understood as a treasure of peace preservation. That is to say that a criminal punishment is a retributive justice to a crime based on the responsibility, on the other hand the public preservation measure is a legal sanction for the social protection as well as his(her) correction and education related with social danger. A sharp line between the two legal viewpoints mentioned has been drawn. Accordingly as mentioned above judging from this point of view of distinction between a criminal punishment and the public preservation measure, the responsibility system is to be linked with a criminal punishment, but is not to be linked with the public preservation measure. For all that recently a view that the public preservation measure is able to be imposed even to the matter of responsibility has been on the rise. So the purpose of this study consists in the matter of the theory that the enforcement of preservation measure even to the responsibility is possible or not. In other words, it's a question that whether the responsibility system and the public preservation measure can be linked, if possible, how is it coming along with each other and if not possible, for what reason is it? On such problems a study has been pursued from the point of view of the criminal policy.

The typical Japanese house has the characteristics of open dwellings to make them cool in the hot and humid summer. And then the traditional town house 'Machiya', being built very closely to each other and walled up both sides, it has taken the open-oriented characteristics in itself. The purpose of this study is to clarify that the open-oriented of traditional 'Machiya' has been succeeded to the new 'Machiya' in the latest. The new 'Machiya' shows the open-oriented, taking the ventilative 'Huki-nuke' space of traditional 'Machiya' as the new spatial formal elements, in the changes such as scale material space organization. The characteristics of 'Huki-nuke' space are represented as follows ; 1. The facade of the traditional 'Machiya', which has taken on a semitransparent qualty, has been generally changed to the closing qualty except for the open parts of shop and garage. This facade of the new 'Machiya' has been taken to be in keeping with the existing town as much as possible. 2. A series of three rooms, composed of shop/living dining kitchen/room from the road, have been dispersed to every floors in a building with a very extensive scale. But this serial and linear type remains as the loosefit space, and the long dwellings of the upper stories are divided by type each dwelling unit. 3. 'Tori-niwa', which is a consecutive and penetrating space, connects the road with the rooms of dwelling and functions as the circulation of man thing energy, The new 'Machiya' changed to the multi-story, the corridor and the stair have been fumed up as the elements in the place of 'Tori-niwa' The 'Huki-nuke' space was locted in the hall, stairwell, living dining kitchen room, and so on. 4. The small court yard 'Tsubo-niwa' and back yard 'Ura-niwa' at the both ends of living spaces would be made a hole in a series of rooms and enclosed by the neighboring 'Machiya'. On the contrary the new 'Machiya' at present takes in the private and closing organization enclosing the innercourt. 5. The open-oriented 「In」 or 「Out」 is not brought out because of the delicate spatial formal configuration in the traditional 'Machiya'. But the open-oriented 「In」, all sides being closed by walls, is well brought out in the new 'Machiya'.

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 사회과 교과서에 등장하는 통계 그래프들을 수학과와 비교하여 특징을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해서 중학교 사회1, 사회2 교과서에 등장하는 통계 그래프에 대하여 분석을 진행하였다. 사회과 교과서에 등장하는 그래프의 종류 등의 형태적 특징을 살펴보았고, 내용적 측면으로는 요구되는 그래프 이해 수준을 수학과와 비교해 보았으며 그래프를 올바르게 해석하는 데 사용되는 수학 개념들의 수학과 교육과정에서의 학습 시기를 비교하여 분석하였다. 이를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 사회과 교과서에 등장하는 통계 그래프의 종류별 빈도는 막대그래프, 복합그래프, 꺾은선그래프 순으로 나타났다. 수학 교과서에서는 다루지 않는 그래 프들도 다수 존재하였고. 정형화된 형태의 그래프보다는 시각적인 효과를 극대화하는 그래프들을 많이 볼 수 있었다. 둘째, 양 교과의 통계 그래프 과제에 대해 그래프 이해 수준을 비교한 결과 사회과 교과서에는 자료 안쪽 읽기, 자료를 초월하여 읽기 수준에 해당하는 질문이 대부분이었고, 수학과 교과서에서는 자료 밖 읽기 수준, 자료 안쪽 읽기 수준에 해당하는 질문이 대부분이었다. 셋째, 사회과 교과서의 통계 그래프를 해석하는 데 필요한 수학 개념에 대하여 수학과 교육과정과의 지도 시기를 비교해본 결과 지도 시기가 대부분 적절하게 이루어졌으나 일부 개념은 수학과 교육과정보다 앞서 등장하였다.

Due to the rapid development of IT (information technology) and internet, products become smart and able to collect, process and produce information and can think of themselves to provide better service to consumers. However, research on the characteristics of smart product is still sparse. In this paper, we report the systemic development of a scale to measure the perceived product smartness associated with smart product. To develop product smartness scale, this study follows systemic scale development processes of item generation, item reduction, scale validation, reliability and validity test consequently. And, after acquiring a large amount of qualitative interview data asking the definition of smart product, we add a unique process to reduce the initial items using both a text mining method using ‘r’ s/w and traditional reliability and validity tests including factor analysis. Based on an initial qualitative inquiry and subsequent quantitative survey, an eight-factor scale of product smartness is developed. The eight factors are multi-functionality, human-like touch, ability to cooperate, autonomy, situatedness, network connectivity, integrity, and learning capability consequently. Results from Korean samples support the proposed measures of product smartness in terms of reliability, validity, and dimensionality. Implications and directions for further study are discussed. The developed scale offers important theoretical and pragmatic implications for researchers and practitioners.

이 연구는 남명의 신명사도에 나타난 인간 마음의 특징과 그 작용에 대한 관점을 인간정보처리론적 학습심리 관점에서 학습심리적 함의를 고찰하는 것이 목적이다. 우선, 신명사도의 의미와 인간정보처리론과 정보처리모형을 살펴본 다음, 신명사도의 학습심리적 요소와 정보처리모형을 상호 비교해 볼 것이다. 그럼으로써 신명사도가 지니는 학습심리적 함의를 인간정보처리 론에 기초하여 고찰하고자 한다. 신명사도는 외부의 자극에 대한 마음의 작용을 통해서 실천적으로 나타나 는 행동을 표현하는 그림이다. 구조적으로는 원곽, 원곽내, 그리고 하단으로 구성되어 있다. 이는 신체적으로 눈·귀·입, 두뇌 및 마음, 몸으로 구성되어 있고, 기능적으로는 정보수집, 인지과정, 몸의 행동으로 작용한다. 또한 신명사도는 인간정보처리론적 학습심리의 관점을 내포하고 있으며, 이러한 관 점을 밝혀냄으로써 본 연구는 서구의 학습심리 이론보다도 무려 400여년이 나 앞서 교육에 활용되었다는 점을 구명했다는 측면에서 연구의 의의를 찾 아볼 수 있다. 신명사도를 인간정보처리론적 관점에서 고찰해 볼 때, 드러낼 수 있는 학 습심리적 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째 학습자의 내적 인지과정을 이해할 수 있 는 학습심리모델을 제시하였다는 점, 둘째 인간의 학습과정에 있어서 효과 적인 학습방략을 제시해 주었다는 점, 그리고 셋째 학습자를 능동적인 정보 처리자로 간주하였다는 점을 들 수 있다.

음악사 쓰기는 해석학적으로 연주와 유사한 구조를 가지고 있다. 쓰여진 텍스트를 읽어내 어야 한다는 점에서 뿐만 아니라 컨텍스트를 함께 고려해야 한다는 점에서 그러하다. 사변론 적 이론의 순환 속에서 실행을 해야 한다는 점도 그렇다. 전통과 재료에 근거한 상상력을 펼 쳐야 하며 결과물이 나름대로의 응집성과 일관성을 가진 형상을 이루어야 한다는 점에서도 유사하다. 뿐만 아니라 최종적이고 유일한 답을 추구하는 것이 아니라 다양한 답을 긍정한다 는 점에서도 흡사하다. 뿐만 아니라 타자를 배려하여 대상이 최대한 총체적인 모습으로 드러 나게 해야 한다는 점에서도 닮았다. 이러한 점에서 연주와 연주가 갖는 고유한 문제들은 역 사 쓰기의 여러 문제들을 재고할 수 있도록 해 준다.

This research is focus on the analysis of bridge image and preference. In this study, 3 types of bridge with arch bridge, cable stayed bridge, and suspension bridge, 4 prospect points named A, B, C, and D will be simulated in one scene for final analysis of bridge image and preference.On prospect point A, higher evaluation is received among the arch bridge. In addition, for cable stayed bridge and suspension bridge, the Higher evaluation is received among the most at the arch bridge on prospect point B. At the on prospect point C, higher evaluation is received among the most cable stayed bridge and suspension bridge compared with arch bridge. At the on prospect point D, lower evaluation is received among the cable stayed bridge and suspension bridge compared with arch bridge. The highest average total preference is received for cable stayed bridge. And, The lowest average total preference is received for arch bridge. Cable stayed bridge is suitable for the Baegya Bridge than arch bridge in the Landscape point. In conclusion, the preference for one bridge is not the same at different prospect points through above research.

이 연구는 비디오게임에서 입력기의 사실성과 시점이 게임이용자에 미치는 심리적 영향을 알아보았다. 먼저, 피험자들에게 레이싱 게임을 선택하여 사실적인 핸들형 입력기와 덜 사실적인 게임패드 중 하나를 제공하고 1인칭 시점과 3인칭 시점을 모두 이용하게 한 후 그 효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과 입력기의 사실성과 시점의 차이에 따라 피험자의 각성, 동일시 정도, 관여도에 차이가 있음이 드러났다. 얻어진 결과들의 함의와 관련논의가 제시되었다.

This study is caused by the argument of Wendy Meyer, who argues that to characterize Chrysostom as a “lover of the poor” is to misunderstand him against the argument of Peter Brown. She insists that it is more accurate to call him not “champion of the poor,” but “champion of the voluntary poverty.” But the author is not to focus on the contrast argument of above two scholars but to investigate their argument from view point of the monk-bishop leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to present how the leadership of monk-bishop leadership is forming and figuring out. In fact, “the lover of voluntary poverty” and “the lover of the poor” seems to have the deep gap, which could not overcome. Nevertheless, the new leadership, which evolves above two strange factors, is emerging in the name of monk-bishop leadership in late Antiquity. By focussing on life, work and time of John Chrysostom, this investigation will, portray the transitions of how “the lover of voluntary poverty” and “the lover of the poor” are connecting. John Chrysostom (d.407) lived the monastic life for the several years in the mountain. And he was the presbyter and bishop of Antioch and the Bishop of Constantinople. He is very strong position. in its examination of late-antique poverty. He had an enduring influence on his communities with abundant references to the poor and/or almsgiving to be found in his 823 homilies, 242 letters and fourteen treatises. Particulary, in studying of church and state in late Antiquity, this work has great depts on the study of Peter Brown.

This study examines the impact of early Jae Jung Won’s works to the Korean society in early Korean mission era. Because Jae Jung Won founded by Korean government and American missionary. Allen was a first Western mordern hospital in Korea. Medical works had significant meanings on the Korean mission. Mordern medical works of American missionaries in Korea included the spirit of Christianity which was a mental ground of Western civilization and medicine. Because Korean government did not permit the freedom of Christian mission except medicine and education in early Korean mission era, Jae Jung Won had important role of Christian mission at that time. In fact, through the Western medical cure of Allen for Young-ik Min, a high official in the government in 1884, Korean government felt kindly toward American missionaries and Western medicine. There are several meanings of the early Jae Jung Won’s works from the missionary point of view. First, due to the role of Jae Jung Won, images of Protestant in Korea get better. And the influence of Protestant became larger as time goes by. Secondly, Jae Jung Won had a role of ecumeical works through the cooperation of denominations and missionaries for Korean mission. Thirdly, foreign missionaries through activities of Jae Jung Won performed their functions most effectively at that time. Taking care of patients itself was to be a mission, and to introduce Christian love to the Koreans. Fourthly, another meaning of early Jae Jung Won’s works to the Korean society was to educate Christian talents to the Korean youth through the education of medicine. Fifthly, Jae Jung Won’s works in early era to the Korean society was to the gate of civilization for the Koreans like campaigns for enlightenment and hygiene. Therefore Western mordern medical works with the center of Jae Jung Won from 1880’s to 1890’s were effective mission in Korea.

기호학을 바탕으로 게임 공간에 나타나는 텍스트 규칙의 봉사적 관계들은 컴퓨터 게임에서도 서사적이다. 특히 본고는 지난 20여 년간 컴퓨터 그래픽 기술의 성장과 함께 모습은 변해 왔으나, 시리즈물 안에 내포된 서사가 변함없이 이어져 오고 있는 컴퓨터 게임의 스테디셀러인 "슈퍼마리오"시리즈의 최신판을 연구 대상으로 하였다. "슈퍼마리오 브라더스"게임 내의 행위주와 공간을 분석하여 게임 서사의 변형과 반복의 요소를 정리하고 그에 따른 모티프를 도출했다. 본 연구들 통해 게임 내에 나타나고 있는 상징적 모티프의 발견과 더불어 게임 공간에서 나타나는 서사적 특징을 서술하고자 한다. 컴퓨터 게임의 스테디셀러 "슈퍼마리오 브라더스"의 서사적 특징이 게임 요소의 반복, 변형의 역할과 상호 유기적으로 구성되어 있음을 고찰한 본 연구는 게임 스토리 개발의 기반 연구가 되는데 그 의의가 있다.

비디오 게임은 하드웨어와 3D그래픽 기술의 발달에 따라 90년대 후반 이후 전적으로 환영을 추구하고 영화의 형식을 답습하는 쪽으로 진화의 방향을 잡아가고 있기 때문에 스펙터클 중심의 미디어로 인식되고 있는 것이 사실이다. 그러나 비디오 게임은 그 태생적인 특성 때문에 기존의 환영 중심의 오락물처럼 투명한 미디어가 될 수 없다. 그 구조를 살펴보면 플레이어로 하여금 지속적으로 미디어의 존재를 각성시켜 환영으로부터 벗어나게 하는 요소가 발견되기 때문에, 플레이어는 엄밀히 말하면 환영에 도취되는 것이 아니라 내부의 콘텍스트와 일정한 거리를 유지하는 관계를 취하고 있다. 오히려 게임은 환각에 의존하기보다 연극에서 발견되는 일종의 컨벤션과 유사한 플레이어와의 계약에 의존하여 플레이어의 적극적 상상력을 개입시켜 내부의 불완전한 요소를 투명화 시킨다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 비디오 게임에 나타나는 환영 붕괴 요소를 찾아 분석하고 이것이 플레이어와 게임 사이에 탄생시키는 연극적 계약에 관해 논하고자 한다. 연구의 취지는 스펙터클 오락물로서의 비디오 게임에 대한 인식을 재고하여 게임문화의 미래적 진화방향을 탐색하는데 있어 도움이 되고자 함이다.

In this research, we have performed a T-test to see how the relationship between dependent variable or visual point level and independent variable or visual quantity is in order to clear up the correlation between pattern of visual point and visual quantity by the constituents of a view from a different visual point level and the results are as follows: 1) In case of the character of Mt.Uam landscape of the city, Uamsan is set as a fixed point and about a direction of view(D), the north is a datum point from which the range of direction is distributed within 180° westwardly and the visual range(R) is also within 2000m. An elevation is an average of 7.4° and the average story of the buildings is 3.85. Here the height of a story is about 4m so the average of the visual point difference is estimated at 15.4m. 2) The type of visual point is divided into the intersection group and the front of the highly used public buildings group. Double intersection types account for about 78.8%(52 spots) which forms a majority part of LCP. 3) The analysis of the difference of visual point level divided by eye level and that of the top of the buildings has been proved that there's a sharp difference resulted from t-test at 1% significant level. The significant difference of elevation from height difference(15.93m), however, has not been shown. 4) From the result of T-test about visual quantity by the elements of a view from a different visual point level, the visual quantity of mountain(VQM), sky(VQS), ground(VQG) is significant at about 1% each and that of building(VQB) is at about 5%. The difference in visual quantity of a mountain by the visual point level is at about 4% which can meet a marginal level of LCP necessary for evaluation of mountainscape.