In the event of an contingency situation of physical protection in nuclear facilities, the first organization to deal with at the forefront is the Special Response Forces (SRF). Since the SRF has to perform nuclear facility protection at the actual battle site, they must repeatedly train tactical understanding such as shooting, entry, and suppression so that their body can remember it even in real contingency situations (called Muscle Memory). In reality, however, repeated training using firearms is very difficult due to high risk and high cost, except for some military and police organizations. Using the advantages of VR technology, the Korea Institute of Nuclear nonproliferation and control (KINAC) has developed educational contents of “VR Shooting Training Center (VR STC)” to enable low-risk, low-cost, and repeated shooting training for these high-risk, high-cost training. This content was developed by dividing it into an “indoor” and “outdoor” training field. Educational firearms are all developed as gas guns to add to the sense of reality, and trainees can choose firearms, distance movement of targets and other options. The “Indoor training field” was developed by imitating an actual indoor shooting field, in particular the “outdoor training field” was developed using VR technology and motion tracking technology. Therefore, in “outdoor training field”, trainees can move freely within the designated spot of not only in VR content but also reality and then have to perform some missions. Trainees have to overcome random obstacles as they move to a designated destination, and at the destination, they are attacked by terrorists. Therefore, trainees must complete missions by concealing their bodies using objects around them. The one training course includes a total of 10 missions, and after the training is completed, comprehensive training results such as shooting accuracy and mission completion are expressed. VR STC will be a representative example of making high-risk, high-cost training into low-risk, low-cost, and repeated training. In this respect, VR technology can be used to develop various radiation protection curriculums accompanied by high risk and high cost, and can improve educational effects.

Middle size of membrane retractable roof is under 25m span which consists of various moving systems. Sliding carriage is the system that leads the membrane to parking place, transferring the load from the membrane to structural cable. When membrane moves roof, thus, structural behavior of sliding carriage, which may contain various shapes with friction coefficients, should be investigated by vertical load as well as horizontal load. Nummerical simulation of sliding carriage prototypes, in this research, were performed by incrementation of vertical load and horizontal load as well. Consequently, this paper evaluated proper shapes of inner holder of Sliding carriage and evaluated the effective contact area of inner hold.

Learning Chinese through animation can be of great help to balanced language learning as you can access not only language but also culture. This study extracted and analyzed the vocabulary of the July 8th, 2016 Chinese animation [Big Fish & Begonia] as evaluated by HSK grade. Among the total number of vocabularies and expressions observed, the average proportion of the ‘basic HSK’ grade vocabulary is 53.95% and the average proportion of the ‘modified HSK’ grade vocabulary is 96.98%, which is very meaningful in learning. The composition ratio of HSK grade for each section was generally constant and the difficulty was constant. The animation [Big Fish & Begonia] contains various vocabulary for learning Chinese and is an educational content that embodies the cultural colors and characteristics of China well for children and adult learners in the early stages of learning Chinese. A very positive educational effect can be expected for the development of Chinese language skills, and the possibility of its use is also very high.

Recently, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are attracting attention as core technologies in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. These virtual and augmented reality technologies are being used in a variety of industries, including the construction industry, healthcare industry, and manufacturing industry, to innovate in communication and collaboration, education and simulation, customer service and reinvention of the customer experience. In this paper, VR-based experiential safety education was conducted for workers of shipbuilding companies in Ulsan city, and for them, the educational effectiveness such as immersion, site applicability, safety accident prevention, education satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior in VR-based safety experience education were measured. In addition, we examined whether the immersion of VR-based safety experience education affects site applicability, safety accident prevention, educational satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior. Furthermore, it was analyzed whether site applicability plays a mediating role in the relationship between immersion and safety accident prevention. As a result, it was found that the immersion of VR-based safety experience education affects site applicability, safety accident prevention effect, education satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior, and that site applicability mediates between immersion and safety accident prevention. Based on these results, we suggests a direction for the development of VR-based contents in the field of safety and health and the transformation of safety and health education in the future.

직업 선택에서 직업 적성을 우선 순위로 고려하는 기존의 방법에서 확장하여 직업가치에 주목해야 한다는 주장들이 제기되고 있다. 본 논문은 Holland 직업가치와 명리 직업가치를 비교 분석하고 융합하여 한국적 직업가치를 정립하고 활용성을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구 결과 Holland 직업가치와 명리 직업가치에 대한 두 이론의 기준은 다르지만, 직업가치의 상호 상관성을 찾을 수 있었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 실재형 가치는 비견격과 겁재격의 특성과 상관성이 높았고 탐구형 가치는 식신격과 편인격의 특성과 상관성이 높았다. 예술형 가치는 상관격과 식신격의 특성과 상관성이 높았고 사회형 가치는 식신격과 정인격 그리고 편인격의 특성과 상관성이 높았다. 기업형 가치는 편재격과 편관격의 특성과 상관성이 높았고 관습형 가치는 정재격과 정관격 그리고 정인격의 특성과 상관성이 높았다. 이러한 연구 결과로서 명리 직업가치는 서양의 자기 보고식 검사의 한계점을 상호 보완하고 융합한 도구로서 한국적 직업가치로 활용할 수 있다는 결 과를 얻었다. 본 연구의 결과가 후속 연구의 초석이 되고 급변하는 변화 속에서 불확실한 미래를 살아가는 개인의 직업가치 상담에 유용한 정보로써 활용되기를 바란다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to develop drainage minor-structure materials using asphalt mixtures, and to apply construction methods. METHODS : The AP-5, 120-150A, and 150-200A binders were adopted to select the optimal asphalt binder for the domestic application of asphalt concrete in curb construction. The mixture design of asphalt mixtures has applied the standard for evaluating asphalt curb mixtures in Korea. Test construction utilized asphalt curb equipment to evaluate asphalt mixtures, according to the type of asphalt binder. RESULTS : The results of the asphalt mixture design indicated that the optimum asphalt content was determined at 2–3% air void for each type of asphalt binder, and the quality of the asphalt mixture applied with asphalt curb binder was excellent. In addition, the quality difference was significant, depending on the temperature of the asphalt mixture at each phase of the asphalt curb construction. CONCLUSIONS : Asphalt curb construction using asphalt materials has a large impact on the quality, depending on the temperature of the asphalt mixture, therefore management at the appropriate temperature is important when applying it to the site. Further research is also required on the production, transportation, and dedicated equipment of asphalt mixtures.

Hybrid dispute settlement mechanism is one of the characteristics of the UNCLOS. It is the combination of diplomatic measures and judicial proceedings. Among them, the ITLOS established in accordance with Annex VI, and two types of arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annexes VII and VIII are means for the disputes settlement firstly regulated in the UNCLOS. Especially, according to Article 287, an arbitral tribunal constituted under Annex VII has default jurisdiction in case one or both parties to a dispute are not covered by a declaration in force, or the parties to a dispute have not accepted the same procedure for the settlement of the dispute. These means of dispute settlement have supplemented and enhanced the source of law for international dispute resolution more diversified. This paper clarifies some aspects of compulsory procedures entailing binding decisions under the UNCLOS, evaluates the applicability of these procedures to the case of Vietnam in the disputes settlement on interpretation or application of the UNCLOS raising among countries in the South China Sea.

PURPOSES : This study primarily aims to develop and evaluate a Smart Station - a novel underground pipeline measure system - to overcome the challenges of conventional surveying methods. METHODS : This study built two prototypes of the Smart Station. By reflecting issues revealed through the field tests of the first prototype, this study produced the second Smart Station prototype. The organization of the hardware units in the second prototype was reconfigured to maximize its usability for operators in the field. Furthermore, by developing the ‘Digital Twin X’, an integrated Smart Station management software suite, the second prototype was capable of 1) producing a digital workbook for field operators, 2) managing underground pipeline information, and 3) displaying 3-dimensional maps in and around an underground pipeline. The applicability of the second prototype was examined through three field tests conducted in one open space location, where no urban valley effects were expected, and two locations in a downtown area, with urban valley effects. Given the actual field installation of underground pipelines, this study collected data via both conventional surveying methods and the Smart Station to evaluate the performance of the Smart Station. Analyzing the field data, this study examined the data collection time and position accuracy of an underground pipeline measured by the Smart Station. RESULTS : The field test results revealed that both the conventional surveying method and the Smart Station produced similar performances in data collection time and measurement accuracy in the open space test location. However, in the case of downtown locations affected by urban valley effects, the Smart Station achieved 100 % measurement accuracy while the conventional surveying method achieved 93 % accuracy. It was also observed during the field test that no data were collected due to the constraints of the work schedule and various field conditions (e.g., weather and/or traffic congestion). The data collection times at the open space locations were 10 s for both the conventional surveying method and the Smart Station. However, the data collection times at the downtown locations appeared to be 10 s and 360 s by the Smart Station and the conventional surveying methods, respectively, thereby proving that the Smart Station outperforms the conventional method in its measurement efficiency. CONCLUSIONS : It is envisioned that the Smart Station produces higher work efficiency for field operators as it enables them to collect high accuracy data in a timely and quick manner and not only build a database for the collected data but also vividly visualize it in the field. In the future, it is necessary to conduct additional field tests under various conditions for the in-depth investigation of a Smart Station. In addition, it is expected that the Smart Station will be enhanced by coupling augmented reality (AR) technologies.

최근, 우리나라에서는 하천에 중소형 보 (Weir) 및 각종 구조물 (어도) 건설이 건설되면서 수생태계의 단절 및 훼손이 보고되고 있고, 이들은 수생태계 건강도에 직접적으로 영향을 주면서 수생태계의 종적 연결성 평가가 중요한 이슈가 되었다. 본 연구에서는 수생태 건강성 확보를 위한 일환으로 수생태계 종적 연결성 평가를 위한 국내외 연구 현황, 선진국의 어류 기반 종적 연속성 평가모델 개발 및 현장 적용성에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해, 우리나라에서 하천의 종적 연결성 현황 및 구조적 문제점, 어류 모 니터링 기법 및 현황, 종적 측면의 어류 이동성 단절 및 종 다양성 영향에 대한 현황분석을 하였다. 또한, 물리적 서식지 적합도 평가, 환경생태유량 평가 및 어류 서식처 모의를 위한 생태-수리모델링의 기술적 한계 등에 대한 연구 현황 을 분석하였다. 또한, 어류 유영력 기반 이동성 분석 및 행위자 기반(ABM) 어류행동예측 프로그램개발에 대한 현재 기술의 한계성도 제시하였다. 전 세계에서 적용된 하천 종적 연결성 평가모델 및 기법 (프로토콜)에 대해 문헌, 자료 및 다양한 모델을 종합적으로 검토한 결과에 따르면, 첫째, 하천 구조물과 어류 유영속도, 점프력 등의 지표 기반 평가 기법, 둘째, 직접 현장 어류조사 및 모니터링 기법, 셋째, 하천지형학적 접근방식 평가 기법 및 구조물 기반 DB 구축 기법 및 넷째, 하천 연계성 지수 평가법 등으로 분석되었다. 종적 연결성 평가모델의 조사방법론 및 적용성 평가 결과에 따르면, 유럽권의 ICE 모델 (Information sur la Continuite Ecologique)과 ICF 모델 (Index de Connectivitat Fluvial)을 우리나라에 수정보완하여 적용할 경우 적절할 것으로 평가되었다.

In this study, actual odor conditions were investigated in restaurants, livestock facilities, and major odor discharge facilities around daily life, and an odor modeling program was performed to find ways to improve odors in odor discharge facilities. The odor modeling results of restaurants around daily life showed that the complex odor concentration of large restaurants, which are close to residential areas, is higher than the acceptable complex odor standard at the receiving point. It was judged that a plan to increase the height of the restaurant odor outlets and a plan to reduce the amount of odor discharge was necessary. As a result of modeling the life odor of livestock housing facilities, when the distance from the housing facility is far away, the actual emission concentration is much lower than the acceptable emission concentration at the receiving point. It was judged that such facilities need to be reviewed for ways to reduce the emission of odorous substances, such as sealing the livestock housing facilities or improving the livestock environment. The main odor emission business sites that show complex odor concentration as 1,000 times or greater than the outlet odor emission standard were businesses associated with surfactant preparation, compounded feed manufacturing, textile dyeing processing, and waste disposal. Due to the separation distance and high exhaust gas flow rate, it was found that odor reduction measures are necessary. In this study, it was possible to present the allowable odor emission concentration at the discharge facilities such as restaurants, livestock houses, and industrial emission facilities by performing the process of verifying the discharge concentration of the actual discharge facility and the result of living odor modeling. It is believed that suitable odor management and prevention facilities can be operated.

선국내 조선소는 IMO 2020에 따른 친환경화, 자율운항선박의 등장, 해상풍력 발전기설치선박, 해상무인이동체 등과 같은 새로운 프로젝트가 지속적으로 확 대되고, 복잡해짐에 따라 개별 프로젝트와 관련된 공사를 완성하는 과정에서 COVID-19, MERS 등과 같은 전염병, 환율변화, 세계 경기 급락, 전쟁, 파업 등 의 위험요소를 선박건조시에 고려하여야 한다. 따라서 선박건조계약의 핵심 당사자인 선주와 조선소는 반드시 불가항력 조항의 범위, 대상, 조건 등을 면밀하 게 검토하여 발생할 수 있는 위험에 대비하여야 한다. 그러나 아직까지 신조선 발주와 연계된 조선소, 금융, 조선해양기자재업체, 로펌, 학계 등의 관계자들은 과거 선박 또는 해양플랜트공사계약과 관련된 독소조항에 대한 검토는 상당히 진행하였으나, 불가항력 조항에 대해서는 상대적으로 심도 깊은 연구를 하지 못한 것이 현실이다. 그리고 COVID-19와 같이 예상하지 못한 상황이 발생할 경우에 계약상의 준거법이 대륙법계 또는 영미법계인지에 따라 불가항력에 의 한 계약상 책임면제를 인정하는 범위가 법적으로 차이가 발생한다는 점을 절차 화 또는 구체화하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 영미법상 계약의 엄격책임 원칙을 적용하고 있는 SAJ 선박건조계약에 포함된 불가항력 조항의 법리 검토를 통하여 SAJ 선박건조계약상 불가항력 조항의 적용 가능성에 대하여 분석하고자 한다. 그리고 COVID-19와 관련된 선주와 조선소간의 법적 쟁점 사항을 분석함으로써 향후 국내 조선소가 부담해야할 위험과 개선 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this research was to present quantitative assessment items for each response phase, and to develop a virtual training method that police can use as a tool to effectively counter chemical terrorism in a crowded facility. METHODS : In this study, domestic and foreign documents related to counterterrorism action and virtual training, as well as a police checklist for counterterrorism simulation, were examined. RESULTS : A new checklist for counterterrorism drills was created; this checklist provides details regarding the tasks, trainees (team), execution, and accuracy at each phase based on the counterterrorism simulation checklist in Annex 4 of the Act on Safety Action at Facilities Vulnerable to Terrorism. CONCLUSIONS : This study demonstrates the necessity of virtual counterterrorism training for police, and provides basic data that can be used for counterterrorism manual development/supplements, and virtual training system development.