The present evaluation research was conducted to provide program decision makers with judgements about the intensive in-service teacher training (INSET) program"s worth or merits in relation to important criteria. It also purports to provide program staffs with useful information in improving their INSET programs. Setting boundaries and analyzing the context were followed by the procedure of identifying and selecting the evaluation questions and criteria. The overview of recent developments in English language teacher training provided the underlying principle for setting the criteria for evaluation. The criteria were used to describe the characteristics of a successful language teacher training program or implementation. They included features such as goals, curriculum, personnel, and support. Using the specified checklist, evaluation was carried out on the current intensive English language teacher training courses. Information on each area of the checklist was collected from available sources, analyzed and interpreted qualitatively as well as quantitatively. From the findings of the present evaluation study, some implications are drawn for making policies on INSET, for improving the teacher training programs under investigation, and for establishing and operating similar INSET programs.

Aerial working platform is recently used broadly in heavy industry and construction field and also the utilization of it is growing. However, the raise of critical incident caused by unskilled operator is increased gradually. To reduce and prevent such incident, the training for operating is essential. It's not easy to cover the requirements for the training with real platform because of the high price of it, safety and weather condition. This paper proposes a simulator for the training based on virtual reality to give the training safely regardless to the weather condition and the simulator is deliverable in lower price than real one. The simulator proposed in this paper is available to be set according to the level of trainee's skill managing and be also applied for the design of general heavy equipment training simulator.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of perceptual training of American English front vowel sounds /i, I, ε, æ/ on the production by comparing two teaching methods: perceptual training and audiolingual method. Subjects were 10 students enrolled in a language program at Arizona. They were randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group. The perception and production test were conducted to assess the subjects’ development of accuracy, and one hour and half training sessions are carried out with no explicit production practice for the experimental group and with the audiolingual teaching method for the control group for a total period of three weeks. The results for the post-test revealed that there was no significant difference between the groups. However, it should be emphasized that the experimental group, who went through the perceptual training without being forced to produce, resulted in better improvement both in perception and production in comparison to the control group when observed pre and post test. In addition, the results revealed that there is a positive co-relation between perception and production.

arched for standards in teacher competency for the different economies in the Asia-Pacific region. We found information about them in several documents contained in the UNESCO and in the Ministry of Education of each economy. After that, we looked for common strategies to propose a model for teacher training with ICT and in the use and introduction of ICT in schools. We found that there are a lot of commonalities, specifically that teachers should be competent in a variety of software and technological tools appropriated to the topic they teach and the students 'age, assess the software and technological tools relevant to the topic they teach and their potential to be used in class, use the computers in a constructive way and to prepare and utilize work plans that incorporate the use of technology. But despite all the advances and recommendations about ICT introduction in teacher training, we still lack a common model that allows us to exchange and share information regarding this issue, even within the Asia-Pacific region. We tried to put these competencies in one single place so that people can access and consider them in developing a teacher training or ICT introduction to classrooms programs.

목적 : 운동학습은 신체적인 연습과 경험의 결과로 동작에 대한 기술 습득의 과정으로 표현된다. 최근 정신적 훈련을 통해 운동 기술의 습득이 이루어질 수 있다는 연구가 많이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 시열반응과제를 통하여 실제 훈련과 정신 훈련의 효과에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 50명의 정상 성인을 대상으로 정신 훈련군, 실제 훈련군, 대조군으로 무선적 배치하였다. 측정된 시열반응과제는 컴퓨터 화면에 제시되는 네 가지의 색깔에 대응하는 반응패드를 손가락을 이용하여 최대한 빨리 정확히 누르도록 하고, 반응 시간을 측정하였다. 정신 훈련군과 실제 훈련군은 정신 및 실제 훈련을 하루 30분, 2주 동안 훈련하였고, 훈련 시간은 동일하게 설계하였다. 결과 : 이요인 반복 측정 공분산 분석의 집단 간의 주 효과 검정에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었으며, 집단×훈련 전·후 간의 상호작용에서도 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다(p<.05). 또한 사후 검정에서 정신 훈련군과 대조군, 실제 훈련군과 대조군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 이러한 결과는 훈련 후 대조군에서의 시간의 감소보다 정신 훈련군과 실제 훈련군에서의 과제 수행 시 시간의 감소가 더 크게 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 정신 훈련군에서 실제 훈련군과 같이 운동 학습의 효과가 나타났으며, 정신 훈련은 효과적인 운동학습을 위한 방법임이 입증되었다. 그러므로 운동제어와 인지학습을 시켜야 하는 재활 영역에서 뇌손상 환자에게 학습을 시키기 위한 방법으로 정신 훈련을 채택할 수 있으며, 마비측의 실제 훈련을 수행하기에 어려운 상황에서는 정신 훈련이 더 효과적일 수 있고, 실제 훈련과 비슷한 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Aerial working platform is recently used broadly in heavy industry and construction field and also the utilization of it is growing. However, the raise of critical incident caused by unskilled operator is increasing gradually. To reduce and prevent such incident, the training for operating is essential. It's not easy to cover the requirements for the training with real platform because of the high price of it, safety and weather condition. This paper proposes a simulator for the training based on virtual reality to give the training safely regardless to the weather condition and the simulator is deliverable in lower price than real one. The simulator proposed in this paper is available to be set according to the level of trainee managing the assessment level and be also applied for the design of general heavy equipment training simulator based.

The objective of this study was to discern the effects of a balance training program on the performance of lower extremities in order to improve strength (muscle power, flexibility, walking power), balance control and walking ability in the elderly. The subjects selected were aged 65 years and over, with no known relevant medical history that may disturb their balance, and have also been visiting the Gimhae Senior Welfare Center. The variable group consisted of 30 subjects, of whom were people who had been participating in balance training programs (One Leg Standing; OLS, Functional Reach; FR, Timed Get Up and Go; TUG) as an intervention for 8 weeks 3 times per a week. They were examined in order to identify their balance control before and after. The control group consisted of thirty subjects who preferred to exercise without any intervention relating to balance training program. The subjects were measured before and after balance training in order to determine the effectiveness of exercise and the effectiveness of exercise combined with the aid of a Balance Performance Monitor. 1. Mean time on OLS test with left and right sided extremities in the experimental group was 35.44 sec, 42.10 sec longer than control group respectively. In FR tests applied to the left and right side, mean reaching distance was increased up to 5.56 cm, 6.73 cm in experimental group respectively. Mean time on TUG test from a chair in experimental group was decreased to 2.33 sec. 2. Mean value of decline in the level balance control, both left and right side, decreased to 2.24% as examined by the Balance Performance Monitor. Mean scores for sway level after balance training decrease to .98% and for balance control both anterior and posterior directions decreased to mean 1.07% and 1.44%, respectively.

The purpose of the present study is to compare the use of discourse markers by pre-service training students and in-service training teachers in middle school contexts. For this purpose, 20 participants in each of the pre-service (PS) and in-service (IS) teacher groups were selected and their teaching was videotaped. Then, the data was transcribed with a focus on the use of discourse markers. The results of the study demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the use of macro-markers between the two groups. However, it is interesting that student teachers in the PS group used various expressions for elaboration a little more frequently than the IS group. In addition, significant differences were found in the use of micro-markers between the two groups in terms of segmentation and temporal markers. On the basis of the results, some pedagogical implications on the teaching of listening and teacher training are suggested.

목적 : 치매환자 치료를 위한 전문팀에서의 작업치료사 역할정립과 전문성을 구축하기 위하여 고령자치매를 위한 전문작업치료사 교육과정을 개발하기 위함이다.연구방법 : 2005년 3월부터 2006년 2월까지 한국치매협회와 대한작업치료사협회가 공동으로 교육과정을 개발하기위하여, 정규대학의 작업치료전공 교육과정과 치매관련 문헌고찰을 통하여 치료활동 프로그램에 관한 자료를 수집하였다. 작업치료활동 프로그램은 대학병원 2곳과 노인요양시설 5곳에서 고령자치매환자를 대상으로 1주일에 1번, 하루에 2시간씩 실시하여 그 결과를 수집하고 분석하였다.결과 : 교육과정은 44주 동안 한 주에 8시간씩 격주로 이론 100시간, 실습 100시간이며, 교육 자료집은 강의와 실습을 위하여 평가집, 치료활동프로그램, 실습지침서를 개발하였다.결론 : 작업치료의 전문영역을 확대하고, 궁극적으로는 치매환자를 포함한 노인의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 보건복지 사업에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있는 근거를 제시하였다.

The limited walking ability after a stroke restricts a patient's independent mobility at home and in the community. It also brings about significant social handicaps. Therefore, it is necessary to improve walking ability in community-dwelling persons with stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gait training and muscle strengthening exercise of lower extremities in persons with chronic stroke. Nineteen community-dwelling individuals with stroke participated in this program. The exercise program lasted for seven weeks, with a 1-hour program twice per week, and it consisted of balance training, gait training, and strengthening of lower extremities. The outcome of the program was assessed by the gait speed, Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Significant effects were found for the WGS, BBS, and mobility and hand function domain of the SIS (p<.05). It was found that short-term gait training exercise could improve quality of gait, balance, and mobility. Therefore, a more effective exercise program is required for community-based persons with stroke.

A survey of staff members of higher education institutions across China at which educational technology training programs had been conducted indicated that the great majority of respondents were using educational technology in their work, although a smaller proportion felt that they had the necessary knowledge and skills to do so efficiently and effectively. The most common skills mastered were basic computer operations, Web searching, and the use of presentation software. Skills that are more integrally related to effective student learning and cost-efficient operation, such as course management and evaluation and integration of technology with lessons, were mastered only by a small minority. Respondents recommended that future training take the form of blended learning, combining face-to-face format with distance learning and self-study, and that it emphasize practical skills and direct application to the participant’s work. Other recommendations are also made regarding the establishment of standards for educational technology competencies and the improvement of evaluation of training courses.

As the telecommunication technology and internet have prevailed in the world, the training systems for companies, distance-education system and e-learning system, change dramatically in order to overcome the environmental uncertainty and strengthen the core competency. There are two kinds of training systems: Web based training and postal service based training. In this paper, the service quality factors for postal service based training system are obtained by reviewing literature and survey. Then, the effect of service quality factors on educational performance is investigated by developing and analyzing 16 research questionnaires. The significance of educational effect is tested according to the characteristics of learners and training system, the level of learners' positions and educational curriculum.

본 연구는 협동학습에서 소집단 경쟁을 유도하는 집단보상과 소집단 구성원의 결속을 강조하는 협동기술 훈련의 효과를 비교하기 위하여 시도되었다. 이를 위하여 초등학교 6학년 3개 학급을 대상으로 문제중심 협동학습을 실시하였고 2개 학급에서는 각각 집단보상과 협동기술 훈련을 실시하였다. 학업성취도 면에서 이질적으로 구성된 소집단별로 진행된 협동학습 후에 세 집단의 과학성취도와 학습동기 점수를 성취도 수준별로 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 집단보상과 협동기술 훈련이 과학성취도에 영향을 미쳤으며 학습자의 학업성취 수준에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 즉 성취 수준 상위인 학습자에게는 집단보상이 협동기술 훈련보다 효과적인 반면 하위인 학습자에게는 협동기술 훈련이 집단보상보다 효과적이었으며 중위인 학습자는 집단보상과 협동기술 훈련이 모두 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 집단보상과 협동기술 훈련이 학습동기에 영향을 미쳤으나 학습자의 학업성취 수준과는 관련이 없었다. 학습동기의 하위요소별로는 주의력 요소에는 효과가 없었으나 자신감과 만족감 요소에는 효과가 나타났다.

The present study investigates the effect of pronunciation training on Korean adult learners’ perception and production of English vowels, /i/, /I/, /u/, and /Ω/. The study examines 1) the effect of pronunciation training on perception and production and 2) the maintenance of the effect over a one-month period. The subjects were 10 Korean graduate students who took a 4-week long English pronunciation training course. They were tested before and after pronunciation training and tested again one month after the training. In each test, both perception and production of the vowels were tested to see if the subjects were able to distinguish tense and lax vowels. In the perception part, subjects listened for words and checked the vowel (either tense or lax) sound they heard. For the production part, subjects read the selected words which contained the target vowels. The results show that pronunciation training has an effect, which supports the teachability of phonology in adulthood; however, the maintenance of the effect demonstrated a difference between perception and production, in which the effect was maintained in production but not in perception. Based on the results of the study, implications are discussed.

미국은 국가안보와 해운산업 국제 경쟁력 강화를 위하여 미 연방상선대학과 같은 4년제 대학교육으로 상선사관을 양성하고 있다. 미국의 해기사 양성제도는 크게 연방정부에서 지원 운영하는 Academy (U. S. Merchant Marine Academy와 U. S. Coast Guard Academy)와 각 주(State)에서 지원 운영하는 캘리포니아해양대학교 등 6개 주립대학의 정규 4년제 교육을 통하여 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 미국 해기사 교육기관 중 교육중심의 캘리포니아 해양대학의 교육제도, 실습방법, 실습선 운영형태를 파악하여 우리나라 해기사 교육제도에 도움이 되게 하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of English oral presentation strategy training (OPST) in EFL contexts. For this study, eight university students of 4 high and 4 low proficiency level are selected. The participants were provided with an OPST over 5 weeks including 8 times of training. During the OPST, the participants learned 25 strategy, 17 verbal and 8 non-verbal strategies. The verbal strategies were again divided into two parts: general verbal strategies and genre specific strategies. For the validity of the present study a “triangulation” was achieved through the use of video recording, classroom observation, questionnaire, in-depth interview, and the native English speaker’s evaluation. The results of the study demonstrated that the participants showed some improvement in the use of presentation strategies, especially organizational and verbal components of the strategies rather than nonlinguistic components. The proficiency level of the participants had an effect on the frequency of use of strategies after the OPST. Overall, the OPST was found to have positive effects on the participants’ attitude toward English oral presentations. On the basis of the results of the study, some teaching implications for improving presentation skills in university EAP contexts are provided.