Real estate markets play an essential role in the economic development of both developed and developing countries. Investment decisions in private real estate demand the consideration of several qualitative and quantitative criteria. Especially in Vietnam, demand for housing, apartments are rising which has resulted because of the migration from rural to urban areas. This study aims to determine the influencing factors of the real estate purchasing behavior and then recommend a grey Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) support model to evaluate real estate alternatives based on a numerical example in Vietnam. A set of essential criteria are identified based on experts’ opinion, and the proposed determinants are initial investment, maintenance cost, prestige location, distance to interesting places, parking lot, public transportation, property condition, total area size, number of rooms, and neighbors. The subjective weights were obtained by using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) model, and the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) technique is employed to prioritize and rank real estate alternatives. The results reveal that this approach can be useful to make purchasing decisions for many kinds of real estate property under uncertain business environments. These findings indicate that the presented hybrid model has advantages in granting flexibility to the preferences of decision makers.

In this study, the capacity of supplying agricultural water to 13 districts was analyzed by calculating the necessary water supply for the arable land of Gunwi-gun and examining the capacity of supplying water to reservoirs, streams, pumping stations, collection sites, and groundwater wells in Gunwi-gun. As a result, among the 13 districts the second district was found to be short of water by 1.2×106 tons/year. In general, local governments establish drought measures by selecting drought disaster risk zones. While selecting drought-risk areas, some water-poor areas that do not have water sources should be selected, even if the entire area has a sufficient water supply. The water-supply evaluation at the regional level was insufficient for locating areas without water sources, but most areas with water sources, such as streams, reservoirs, and pumping stations, were found to have no shortage of water. To locate water shortage areas without water sources, GIS analysis conducted a field survey of areas with a distance of 4 or less than that of water sources analyzed by GIS analysis. Sixty-nine sites in 13 districts were selected for the on-site survey and six areas of water shortage were identified in areas other than the second district.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to narrow the target down to college students representing single-person households to identify the main attributes of their choice of Home Meal Replacement(HMR) and to look at the impact on satisfaction and repurchase intentions. Research design, data and methodology: An online survey was conducted for consumers who purchased HMR products at least once and a total of 264 questionnaires were used for demonstration analysis. The collected data have verified for validity and reliability between measurement variables through exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Results: As a result, curiosity, economy, safety, and brand, which are HMR selection attributes that university students’ value, have a significant impact on satisfaction, and satisfaction has a significant impact on the intention of repurchase, a variable of behavior. In addition, the adjustment effect of health value pursuit was significant only in safety attributes. Conclusions: This study divided the target group to examine what the HMR selection attributes of single-person college students are, the main consumer of HMR, and how selective attributes affect satisfaction and willingness to repurchase. In the process, we wanted to find out if there was a moderating effect on the health-oriented values in the dietary lifestyle.

This paper provides the practical application of a linear shrinkage framework on Vietnam stock market. The cumulative data points observed in this analysis are 468 weeks from January 2011 to December 2019. All the companies listed on Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE), except the companies under two years period from Initial Public Offering (IPO), are considered. The cumulative number of stocks picked is therefore 350 companies. The VNINDEX, which is the Vietnam Stock Index, is used as a reference index for shrinking to a single-index model. The empirical results show that the shrinkage of covariance matrix for portfolio optimization gives the promising results for the investors on Vietnam stock market. The shrinkage method helps the investors to produce the optimal portfolio in the sense of having higher profit with lower levels of risk compared to the portfolio of the traditional SCM method. Moreover, the portfolio turnover of shrinkage method is always kept at low magnitudes, and this makes the shrinkage portfolios save much transaction costs and reduce the liquidity risks in the trading process. In addition, the ability of shrinkage method in making profit is once again confirmed by the Alpha coefficient that achieves a high positive value.

The purpose of this study was to investigate eco-friendly measures to manage major diseases which cause heavy economic damages to ginseng. Morphological, physicochemical, and molecular biological species identification was carried out after isolating useful antagonistic bacteria from ginseng fields. In addition, optimal conditions for mass culture were established, and he efficacy of the bacteria in the prevention of the diseases was verified in the field. The results showed that about 150 bacteria were extracted from 150 ginseng fields in the whole county. Among them, B. pyrrocinia LA101 was finally selected, which had a strong antagonistic potency against Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Cylindrocarpon destructans on agar media. The B. pyrrocinia LA101 is a baculiform gram-negative bacterium identified as Burkholderia pyrrocinia according to results from an API(Analytical Profile Index) kit, 16S rRNA, and gyrase gene sequencing analysis. It was donated to the microbe bank of the Agricultural Genetic Resources Center at the National Academy of Agriculture Science under the Rural Development Administration on September 28, 2011 (Donation No. KACC91663P). A patent for the mass culture technology was granted in August 2012 (Patent No. 10-1175532).

The selection factors of service companies have changed in accordance with intensifying competition in the marine transportation service market and environment changes of transportation services. To explore the important factors of customer choice to marine transportation service, this study empirically examines the influence of these selection factors; service provision area, price competitiveness, corporate image, service expertise, and sales support, on transaction continuity through customers’ perceived service value and satisfaction. Based on an online survey with those in the Korean marine transportation industry, this study conducted statistical analyses using structural equation modeling. Based on relevant previous studies, the current study constructed a total of 55 survey questions. Finally, 213 questionnaires were collected. Among the five selection factors, corporate image did not affect perceived service value, and price competitiveness was still the most important factor. However, service expertise and sales support were found to be more important factors than regional factors. In order to maintain transaction continuity, shipping companies should also strive to improve their service quality to their customers. In particular, service quality strategies focused on time and regional factors should develop to strategies with the key factors for the changed business environment.

본 연구의 목적은 1.5 T와 3.0 T 비 인두 MRI 검사 후 SNR과 CNR을 평가하여 최적의 Tesla를 알아보고자 하였다. 총 30명의 PACS로 전송된 Nasopharynx MRI검사 환자를 무작위로 선택하여 본 연구에 적용하였다. 데이터 분석에 사용된 장비로는 1.5 T, 3.0 T MRI 장비를 이용하였다. 분석 방법으로 T1 WI과 T1 지방 소거 영상에서 각 Tongue, Spinal Cord, Masseter Muscle, Fat, Parotid Gland, Tumor의 조직에 대하여 일정한 관심영역을 설정하고 SNR와 CNR을 평가하였다. 6가지의 조직에 대하여 정량적 분석으로 SNR과 CNR을 평가하였고, 정성적 분석으로 균일한 지방소거, 자화 감수성 인공물에 대한 영상의 질을 4점 척도로 측정 하였다. 본 데이터 분석의 통계적 유의성은 독립표본 T검증과 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks사용하였으며, p 값이 0.05이하일 때 유의성을 두었다. 본 실험에 대한 정량적 평가 결과 T1 WI 과 T1 지방소거를 1.5 T와 3.0 T 를 비교했을 때 T1 WI에 대한 3.0 T가 평균 SNR(124.75±), CNR(118.91±)로 정량적 분석에서 SNR과 CNR값이 1.5 T평균 SNR(73.15±), CNR(60.59±)에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 T1 지방소거에서 3.0 T가 평균 SNR(10 1.10±), CNR(81.24±)로 1.5 T의 평균 SNR(78.47±), CNR(65.70±)에 비해 높게 나타났다. 정성적 분석으로 균일한 지방소거, 자화 감수성 인공물에 대하여 4등급으로 평가했을 때 1.5 T 장비가 높은 점수를 얻었다(p <0.05). 결론적으로 두 기기에 대한 데이터 분석 결과 정량적 평가부분에서는 3.0 T 장비가 높게 나타났고 정성적 평가 부분에서는 1.5 T가 높게 나타났다. 따라서 각 장비에 대한 장단점을 고려할 때 상호보완적으로 장비를 선택하여 환자에게 적용한다면 최적의 정보를 제공할 것이라고 사료된다.

해양시설물은 선박의 통항에 간섭이 되는 위험요인이지만 현재 국내 법령 및 규정 상 해양시설물과 선박간의 명확한 이격거리의 규정은 없는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 해양시설물과 선박의 안전이격거리를 분석하기 위하여 해양시설물 인근 선박의 통항량을 실측 AIS 정보를 기반으로 선박 통항 폭을 설정하여 해당 범위에서 통항하는 선박의 항적을 선박 길이별로 분류하여 분석하였다. 통항 분포 분석 결과, 통항 선박의 길이별 분포 모두 정규성을 가지며 해양시설물로부터 멀어지는 패턴을 가지고 통항을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 통항 분포 분석 결과와 정규분포를 비교한 선박의 이격거리를 통계적으로 나타내기 위해 해양시설물 인근 통항 패턴 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 통항 패턴은 선박 길이별로 상이하였으며 그에 따라 길이별 선박 권고 안전이격거리를 제시하고자 하였다. CESMA(유럽 선장 연합), PIANC(국제수상교통시설협회)의 안전이격거리 및 선박의 길이요인 중 IMO(국제 해사 기구)의 조종성능의 기준이 되는 선회경의 Tactical diameter를 활용되었으며, 다양한 선박 권고 안전이격거리의 안을 분석하기 위해 적정 이격거리를 전장의 5배에서 7배로 설정을 하여 설정 값 이하로 통항하는 차이 값이 근소하게 통항하는 선박을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 가장 차이 값이 근소한 5.5배의 전장을 적정 선박 권고 안전이 격거리로 선정하였다. 위 결과를 바탕으로 선박 길이별 신뢰구간의 좌측 값에 따른 선박 권고 안전이격거리 및 전장의 5.5배의 이격거리를 활 용한 선박 권고 안전이격거리를 비교하였으며. 선박 권고 안전이격거리에 대한 2가지 안을 제시하였다.

본 연구에서는 한국과 미국 방사선학과 대학생들을 대상으로 방사선 정보원과 전공 선택 만족도의 상관 관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 한국의 충북 소재의 일개 4년제 대학교와 미국의 텍사스 주 소재의 일개 4년제 대학교의 방사선학과 1, 2 학년을 대상으로 하였다. 설문조사는 2019년 5월 7일부터 5월 28일까지 방사선 정보원과 정보원 신뢰도 그리고 방사선학과 선택 만족도에 대해 자기기입방식으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 양국 대학생 모두 인터넷을 가장 많이 사용하는 정보원이지만 교과서를 통한 정보 수집 비중은 미국 대학생들이 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 한국 대학생들은 미국 대학생들보다 정보원에 대한 신뢰도가 정부의 인쇄물을 제외한 인터넷, 신문, 소셜 네트워크 순으로 유의하게 높았다. 셋째, 미국의 대학생들은 한국 대학생들보다 방사선학과 선택 만족도가 유의하게 높았다. 넷째, 한국 대학생들은 다양한 정보원을 통해 전공 선택에 도움을 받고 있었으며 특히, 소셜 네트워크간의 상관계수가 유의하게 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다.

스마트폰 등 모바일 기기를 통한 SNS가 보편화 되면서, IT와 네트워크의 결합으로 인한 ‘스마트 관광’이 급속하게 확산되고 있으며 미식관광에 있어서도 SNS의 영향력은 절대적이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 SNS를 통한 미식상품 정보의 전파와 내용은 사용자간 실시간 공유 및 연결, 댓글 또는 방문 참여라는 생산자적 소비자의 소통구조로 이루어져 있어 그만큼 정보품질의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 미식 관광상품 속성요인을 포함한 SNS 정보품질과 관광지 선택속성이 관광자 만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 잠재적인 혹은 경험적인 미식 관광객을 대상으로 설문 조사하였으며, 총 300부의 연구 설문지 중 불성실한 내용 84부를 제외하고 216부를 최종 분석하였다. 분석도구로는 SPSS 25.0을 이용하여 신뢰도 및 요인분석, 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀분석을 하였으며 가설 검정에 대한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, SNS 미식상품 정보품질은 관광자 만족에 일부분 유의미한 영향을 미침으로 부분 채택되었고 둘째, 관광지 선택속성은 만족에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향 관계를 형성하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 가설은 부분 채택되었으나, 연구결과에서 미식상품요인과 SNS 정보품질 요인이 만족에 미치는 영향요인이 서로 확연히 다름을 확인할 수 있었고 이에 후속 연구에서는 미식 관광객에게 필요한 미식상품 품질요인변수를 더 다양화할 필요성이 있다.

The purpose of this paper is to verify the hypothesis of the Great Complement Shift (GCS), according to which infinitival complement is being replaced by prepositional gerund over time. The advance of the to plus gerund (to-gerund) is considered to be the most prominent pattern of GCS (Rudanko 2010, etc.). On the basis of the Corpus of Historical American English, this paper examines the frequency changes from the 1820s to the 2000s involving eight predicates expected to have undergone GCS. It turns out that object and confine have completed the change in the early twentieth century and only to-gerund is used now. The predicates consent, prone and look forward have partially undergone GCS: among them look forward is in the front line and to-gerund overtook to-infinitive in the 1850s and have since spread rapidly; with consent and prone, to-infinitive is still used more frequently but to-gerund is increasing and to-infinitive is slightly decreasing over time. The verbs agree, assent and aspire differ from the others in that to-infinitive has not decreased at all. Since to-gerund is slightly increasing with these verbs, GCS is still justified but not at the expense of to-infinitive.

고랭지 경사지밭에서 아로니아를 재배할 때, 토양에 피복식물을 심어 토양유실을 방지하고 아로니아의 생육 및 수량성도 좋은 피복식물을 선발하고자 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 피복식물별 발생한 잡초는 무처리구(자연종)에 17종, 왕포아풀 처리구 12종, 흰토끼풀 처리구 14종, 들묵새 처리구 15종, 긴병꽃풀 처리구 16종이 발생하였으며 잡초 종류는 총 24종이 발생하였다. 1년에 3회 예취하는 피복식물들의 예취전 초장은 무처리구(자연종)은 73.6 ㎝, 왕포아풀 처리구는 57.5 ㎝, 흰토끼풀 처리구는 36.8 ㎝, 들묵새 처리구는 48.3 ㎝, 긴병꽃풀 처리구는 40.9㎝ 이었다. 초장으로 볼 때는 흰토끼풀과 긴병꽃풀이 피복식물로 적당한 것으로 생각되었다. 피복식물들의 3년차 피복율은 무처리구는 95.0%, 왕포아풀 처리구 100%, 흰토끼풀 처리구 87%, 들묵새 처리구 85%, 긴병꽃풀 처리구는 100%로 왕포아풀과 긴병꽃풀이 가장 높았다. 아로니아의 3년차 주당 수량은 흰토끼풀 처리구에서 1,916 g 으로 가장 많았으며 그 다음이 들묵새 처리구 1,770 g, 긴병꽃풀 처리구 1,766 g, 무처리구 1,098 g, 왕포아풀 처리구 931 g 순이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해로 볼 때, 고랭지 아로니아 재배시 피복식물은 초장이 작고 옆으로 기는 특성이 있어 빨리 피복이 되고 잡초발생도 적은 긴병꽃풀이 적당하였으며 아로니아 정식후 이랑사이에 긴병꽃풀 묘을 심어 피복 식물로 재배함으로서 수량을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

An automated signal-acquisition method for the NASA’s space geodesy satellite laser ranging (SGSLR) system is described as a selection of two system parameters with specified probabilities. These parameters are the correlation parameter: the minimum received pulse number for a signal-acquisition and the frame time: the minimum time for the correlation parameter. The probabilities specified are the signal-detection and false-acquisition probabilities to distinguish signals from background noise. The steps of parameter selection are finding the minimum set of values by fitting a curve and performing a graphdomain approximation. However, this selection method is inefficient, not only because of repetition of the entire process if any performance values change, such as the signal and noise count rate, but also because this method is dependent upon system specifications and environmental conditions. Moreover, computation is complicated and graph-domain approximation can introduce inaccuracy. In this study, a new method is proposed to select the parameters via a conditional equation derived from characteristics of the signal-detection and false-acquisition probabilities. The results show that this method yields better efficiency and robustness against changing performance values with simplicity and accuracy and can be easily applied to other satellite laser ranging (SLR) systems.

Cell based grid data of future temperature and precipitation produced with four RCP scenarios were converted into polygon based data for administrative districts using three simple vectorizing methods; (1) KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based, (2) areal ratio based and (3) central point based methods. The results were compared the existed KMA areal weight based methods to identify which methods were more efficient than others. Simple statistical methods such descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and Bland & Altman plots (B&A) were used to compare agreements between them. When central point and areal ratio based methods were applied to administrative districts of Eup-Myeon-Dong or some Gus, NULLs were found because their sizes are smaller than the cell of 1x1 km. Therefore, KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based methods were better when sizes of administrative districts are smaller than the cell size. For Do and Metropolitan cities, there were no greater differences among methods except for the KMA Dong- Nae forecast points. The greater the areas of administrative districts the more distortions from the KMA Dong-Nae forecast points because only KMA Dong-Nae forecast one point were used for the calculation. In conclusion, the KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based method was appropriate when sizes of administrative districts are smaller than the grid cell. For the greater areal sizes such as Do and Metropolitan cities, areal ratio and central point based methods were better.

The study aims to investigate some criteria of supplier selection in the textile and apparel (T&A) sector in Vietnam. Most research on supplier selection criteria for T&A sector was mainly conducted based on the review of literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore these criteria based on a framework in which an integrated approach of qualitative and quantitative was employed. First, an in-depth interview was used to explore what supplier selection criteria T&A companies were utilized after the literature on supplier selection criteria had been reviewed. Next, a prequestionnaire was built and sent to some practitioners and experts for their revision. Then, a pilot survey of 31 T&A companies with numerous statistical tests was conducted to validate the questionnaire. Finally, an official study of 282 respondents was conducted to determine supplier selection criteria which are best suited for T&A companies through exploratory factor analysis. The findings of the study suggest that there are eight supplier selection criteria including Quality, Cost, Delivery, Service, Capability, Company’s image, Relationship, and Sourcing country. Each criterion comprises certain sub-criteria to make the supplier selection criteria set more comprehensive. The findings will be a contribution to the selection process of T&A companies as they can utilize these criteria to select capable suppliers.

This research presents an method to select explanatory variables to develop deterioration models for bridges. The ranking of candidate variables are estimated using the covariance analysis between the condition ratings and inspection data. To determine the most stationary set of explanatory variables, weighting factors associated with the investigated year and ranking are introduced. Yearly inspected bridge data are classified into multiple subsets using explanatory variables and the deterioration model is developed for each. The condition ratings for individual bridges are predicted using the deterioration model. The prediction error comparison shows that the more representative and stationary explanatory variables are selected when weighing factors are considered.

This study aims to make a revitalizing plan for managing and maintaining of facilities which were installed after the rural development projects. The survey was conducted to examine some issues of operating facilities from the developing plan. There were some factors that should be considered in the establishment stage of the project plan when promoting rural development projects. Among them, the preservation and maintenance of rurality, consistency with business plans, connectivity with local resources, and ease of maintenance were less reflective than its importance. And for each facility, systematic consulting on appropriate scale and operational management plans and detailed planning is needed.. It's also necessary to plan action so that the local community can lead. The current or future rural development project will be succeeded when local governments support to strengthening their local groups or people’s abilities.

This study examined that what attributes of student satisfaction are more important when students use university cafeterias. Factors that are considered to be more crucial when students use a cafeteria, such as menu, taste, price, and cleanliness, were tested. Based on the research of previous studies, it assumed that the selection attributes of students’ cafeteria were menu, taste, price, and cleanliness. With 301 surveyed questionnaires, the study was carried out by AMOS 23.0 and the Structural Equation Model was used for examining the hypotheses as statistical method in this study. In consequence of the hypothesis test on the main effect, the factors such as the menu, taste, price and cleanliness were found to significantly affect satisfaction. Then, the moderating role of gender, age and allowance was analyzed. However, students' university cafeteria selection attributes differed depending on their allowance only. The path coefficients from menu to satisfaction were more significant in the group with a smaller allowance, while the path coefficient from price to satisfaction was more significant in the group with a larger allowance. The study analyzed that the effect of selection attribute of students’ cafeteria on the satisfaction, and influence of students’ allowance, and provide meaningful implications when they choose the attributes.

Background: Various Schisandra chinensis (SC) varieties grow in diverse regions in Korea. However, there is no valid scientific evidence of these varieties. This study aimed to select the excellent resources in terms of the growth characteristics, antioxidant activities, and analysis of the active compounds of the SC collection. Method and Results: In total, 154 resources of SC were collected from various regions of Korea. The growth characteristics were measured by the number of fruit bunches, fruit number, and weight of 100 fruits. The antioxidant activities were investigated by analyzing the total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents and the radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS. Schizandrin A, schizandrin c, gomisin a, and gomisin N were analyzed by HPLC. Each resource showed different growth characteristics. Among the antioxidative effects, the highest 20 resources showed high antioxidant activities in selected 29 resources. Analysis of the SC lignan index showed that all resources contained more than 1.16% of active compounds. Conclusions: All of the selected 29 SC resources were shown to have excellent growth characteristics, antioxidant activities, and bioactive compound richness. Especially, SC-004, SC-007, and SC-154 showed the best growth characteristics, and SC-22, SC-40, and SC-45 showed the best antioxidant activities and bioactive compound richness.

신어는 당대의 사회 모습을 아주 적극적으로 보여주는 동시에 해당 언어권의 어휘들이 갖고 있는 구조와 생산성을 확인할 수 있는 자료가 된다. 하지만 교육 현장에서 신어는 교육용 어휘 목록에서 많이 배제되어 왔다. 그런데 지속적으로 신어가 형성되고 쓰이면서 비슷한 원리를 바탕으로 만들어지는 어휘들이 생겨나고 신어 내에서도 새로운 의미적, 형태적 규칙이 형성되고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 때문에 신어 자료 내에서 학습자의 단계에 맞는 목표어휘를 고려하고, 교수-학습 방안에 적합한 어휘들을 잘 선정하여 활용한다면 충분히 한국어 교육 자료로서의 가치가 있다고 본다. 이에 본고에서는 한국어 교육에서 학습자의 어휘력을 향상시키기 위해 활용할 수 있는 신어의 인칭 접미사 목록을 살펴보았다. 특히 인칭 접미사는 1994년부터 2017년까지 공개된 국립국어원의 신어 관련 자료집을 기준으로 할 때 꾸준히 출현하며 생산성이 높은 편에 속한다. 이러한 관점에서 국립국어원에서 조사 발표한 신어 (1994-2017) 자료집과 한국어 교육 어휘 내용 개발 (2012-2014) 보고서를 바탕으 로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 총 66개의 신어 인칭 접미사 목록 중에 9개의 인칭 접미사가 한국어 교육에 적합하다고 판단되었다. 최종 선정된 인칭 접미사는 ‘-돌, -맨, -짱, -파라치, -걸, -덕/덕후, -맘, -어/러/터, -우 먼’이다. 이상의 관점에서 신어의 인칭 접미사는 일정 기준을 바탕으로 그 목록을 마련한다면 충분히 한국어 교육 시에 어휘 교육 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 보인다. 또한, 이러한 논의는 그동안 한국어 교육에서 거의 다루지 않았던 신어 자료의 교육적 가치를 재검토함으로써 앞으로 기존 한국어 교재나 자료들의 한계점을 보완하는 데에 활용될 수 도 있을 것이라 본다.