The expected busy period for the controllable M/G/1 queueing model operating under the triadic Max (N, T, D) policy is derived by using a new concept so called “the pseudo probability density function.” In order to justify the proposed approaches for the

Three major Asian countries, Korea, China, and Japan, shared 18.3% of global GDP and 14.2% of global trade volume in 2005. When considering this number, cooperation of these three countries is very important. Also, it is needless to say that we need efficient international logistics system in Asia. The key point to realize efficient international logistics system is unit load system utilizing pallets and containers. To build up efficient logistics system among Korea, China, and Japan, we need 'total palletization' with standardized pallets. We may regard 'total palletization' as an 'efficient highway of North-Eastern Asia logistics.' In this study, we will suggest two kinds of effects, which logistics standardization among Korea, China, and Japan will make. One is the effect on economy and trade, and the other is the effect on logistics business and environments.

Three major Asian countries, Korea, China, and Japan, shared 18.3% of global GDP and 14.2% of global trade volume in 2005. When considering this number, cooperation of these three countries is very important. Also, it is needless to say that we need efficient international logistics system in Asia. The key point to realize efficient international logistics system is unit load system utilizing pallets and containers. To build up efficient logistics system among Korea, China, and Japan, we need 'total palletization' with standardized pallets. We may regard 'total palletization' as an 'efficient highway of North-Eastern Asia logistics.' In this study, we will suggest two kinds of effects, which logistics standardization among Korea, China, and Japan will make. One is the effect on economy and trade, and the other is the effect on logistics business and environments.

  The expected busy period for the controllable M/G/1 queueing model operating under the triadic policy is derived by using the pseudo probability density function which is totally different from the actual probability density function. In order to justif

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of school foodservice dietitians' work value on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Also, this study explored the role of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers as a moderating variable in three relationships: 1) between work value and job satisfaction, 2) between work value and organizational commitment, and 3) between work value and turnover intentions. This study surveyed dietitians who worked at school foodservice in Kyunggii and Daegu·Gyeoungbuk province. A total of 509 responses were collected using on-site survey and online survey (response rate 59.3%). This study conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating effect of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers. Results of hierarchical regression showed that work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on job satisfaction to promotion opportunity and salary, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to new work. In addition, work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on turnover intention, and such effect was more significantly apparent in low expectation to new work environment improvement. Work value of work activity preference also appeared to have a positive effect on organizational commitment, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to social status and professionalism.

The traditional process capability indices Cp, Cpk, Cpm, Cpm+ have been used to characterize process performance on the basis of univariate quality characteristics. Cp, Cpk consider the process variation, Cpm considers both the process variation and the p

In this paper we extend the classical decision model under uncertainty to a more general case. We propose an expected utility-uncertainty model and we can make a decision by trading off between a measure of uncertainty and a measure of expected value. As a risk analysis model, the expected utility-uncertainty model can be seen to be reasonable and flexible for states of nature or individuals' preferences. Moreover, the model can explain some decision paradoxes.

This paper is to propose tolerance intervals for expected time at the given reliability and confidence level for continuous and discrete reliability model. We consider guaranteed - coverage tolerance intervals, that is, reliability - confidence level tolerance intervals. These proposed methodologies can be applied to any industrial application where the customer's operating specification require a high level of reliability.

In this paper we extend the classical decision model under uncertainty to a more general case. We propose an expected utility-uncertainty model and we can make a decision by trading off between a measure of uncertainty and a measure of expected value. As a risk analysis model, the expected utility-uncertainty model can be seen to be reasonable and flexible for states of nature or individuals' preferences. Moreover, the model can explain some decision paradoxes.

Process capability indices are widely used in industries and quality assurance system. When designing the parameter on the multiple quality characteristics, there has been a study for optimization of problems, but there has been few former study on the possible conflicting phenomena in considertion of the correlations among the characteristics. To solve the issue on the optimal design for multiple quality characteristics, the study propose the expected loss function with cross-product terms among the characteristics and derived range of the coefficients of terms. Therefore, the analysis have to be required a multivariate statistical technique. This paper introduces to multivariate capability indices and then selects a multivariate process capability index incorporated both the process variation and the process deviation from target among these indices under the multivariate normal distribution. We propose a new multivariate capability index MCpm using quality loss function instead of the process variation and this index is compared with the proposed indices when quality characteristics are independent and dependent of each other.

The purposes of this study were to a) find out the operational characteristics of the contract-managed highschool foodservice in Seoul, b) investigate the expected level of meal-price and facilities investment cost perceived by contract-managed highschool foodservice managers c) compare the present level and expected level of meal-price and facilities investment cost. From October 12 to November 13 in 2001, the questionnaires were mailed to 249 high schools which was managed by contract foodservice company with respondent rate 40.2%. Data were analyzed using SPSS Win(10.0) for descriptive analysis and one group paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The student enrollment of highschools run by contract-managed foodservice was 1,243 with 72.6% participation rate of school lunch program. The average meal-price was 2,138 won. The average annual period of school foodservice operation was 156.78 days per year. The average contracting period was about 3 years. 2. The average cost concerned in the facilities investment amounts 169,578,180 won at the initial investment and 25,204,092 won at the repairs and maintenance cost in the course of operation. 3. The present level of meal-price and facilities investment cost were respectively 2,136won/meal and 171,157,336.72 won. And expected level of meal-price and amount of facilities investment cost were 2,418.75 won and 121,353,215.19 won. Comparing the present level with the expected level of the meal- price and facilities investment cost, expected level of meal-price was significantly higher than the present level of meal-price(p<.001) and expected level of facilities investment cost was significantly lower than present level of facilities investment cost(p<.001).

This study is to select food offered with higher frequency at restaurants such as hamburger, pizza, chicken, gimbap(boiled rice rolled in laver with seasonings stuffed), and calgooksu(Korean traditional noodles); identify customers' expectation and satisfaction levels on food and service quality and analyze correlation according to each food. The survey was conducted from March 1 to March 24, 2000, by distributing questionnaires. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS for t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) It is revealed that overall average satisfaction levels on food quality according to individuals' trait came out significantly low compared to their expectation levels, and that balance in nutrition and reasonable prices had problems in relation to food quality. 2) Customers' expectation levels on food quality came out the highest with calgooksu and gimbap, and their satisfaction levels came out the highest with pizza. 3) Customers' overall average expectation levels on service quality showed a very high point, while their satisfaction levels showed a low point with significance. 4) Hamburger was poor in hygiene; pizza showed the highest satisfaction levels over its quality with significance, and calgooksu and gimbap showed very low satisfaction levels over their service quality. 5) Correlation between customers' expectation and satisfaction levels over the nutritional balance and proper taste of the food quality came out significant. 6) Pizza and chicken showed significant correlation with regard to atmosphere, service, and hygiene variables (p<0.01).

The effort to understand customer is essential and customer satisfaction measurement tool is needed in today's intensively competitive environment of restaurants. The objectives of this study were to measure customers' expectation and satisfaction of service quality attributes and to identify relatively important attributes for overall satisfaction in restaurants. The questionnaires were distributed to 232 customers at 78 family-style, pizza and fast food restaurants. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS for t-test, ANOVA, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) four and six- dimensional structures were established from 25 expectation and satisfaction attributes, respectively. 2) Demographic variables and usage characteristics didn't affect on service quality expectation, but expectations were significantly different according to the types of restaurant. 3) Expectation/satisfaction matrix showed different patterns in 3 types of restaurant. 4) 'Quality of food' and 'atmosphere' were the most relatively important attributes for overall satisfaction in restaurants.