In the recent business environment, risks related to product safety problems are increasing. These are arising from various factors such as increasing product and production complexity, supply chain diversification, enhanced PL (product liability) law and strengthening regulations of the government. Accordingly, ISO (international organization for standardization) published standards of PSMS (product safety management system) for suppliers such as ISO 10377 and ISO 10393. Meanwhile, the ISO 9001 QMS (quality management system) was revised in 2015, and it has established itself as an effective tool that can consistently meet the various requirements of stakeholders and promote customer satisfaction. This study aims to suggest an integration framework of QMS and PSMS based on the recent ISO international standards. To this end, firstly, the relationship between QMS and PSMS is studied based on the quality and product safety definitions, PDCA (plan-do-check-act) cycle and risk-based thinking. Secondly, the requirements of ISO 10377 and ISO 9001 are compared and classified as the common and ISO 10377 specific requirements. Finally, integration steps of two systems are suggested and guidelines that can systemize the integrated requirements are presented in the aspect of processes and documentation. This study is expected to be used as a guideline that helps companies those have already acquired QMS certification to build an international-level product safety management system early.

최근 기업들의 해외시장진출이 활발해지면서 글로벌 시장에서의 신제품개발속도에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 신제품개발속도를 글로벌 관점에서 살펴보고, 더 나아가 기업특성과 시장 환경 특성이 글로벌 시장에서의 신제품개발속도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 한국 제조업체들을 대상으로 신제품개발 및 제품 성과에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 기업 및 시장 환경 특성 중에서도 기업 규모, 제품특성, 시장불확실성이 글로벌 시장에서의 신제품개발속도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 글로벌적 관점에서 신제품개발속도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 검증함으로써 학문적 및 실무적 관점에서 의미있는 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The ISO 9000 Quality Management System(QMS) standard is an effective tool that can consistently meet the various requirements of stakeholders and promote customer satisfaction management. However, in the recent business environment, not only quality issues but also risks in various other areas are increasing. In particular, risks related to product safety problems which are arised from product convergence, diversification of methods of production and globalization of supply chain pose a great threat to the sustainability of companies. Accordingly, ISO published standards of Product Safety Management System(PSMS) for suppliers such as ISO 10377 and ISO 10393. This study aims to suggest an integration framework of QMS and PSMS based on ISO international standards. To this end, the relationship of QMS and PSMS are analyzed and the requirements of the both systems are integrated based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act(PDCA) cycle and risk-based thinking. In addition, guidelines that can systemize the integrated requirements are presented in the aspect of processes and documentation. This study is expected to be used as a guideline that helps companies that have already acquired QMS certification to build an international level product safety management system early.

본 연구는 국내 유통 중인 호상형 및 액상형 요거트 등 20개 발효유 제품의 유산균 생균수 및 사용 균주를 분석하여 제품의 표시사항과 비교하였다. 분석 제품의 생균수는 2.7×107-5.6×1010CFU/mL의 범위로 『식품의 기준 및 규격(제2021-26호)』의 기준치(1.0×107-1.0×108CFU/mL 이상)를 만족하였다. 순수분리된 유산균의 16S ribosomal RNA 유전자 염기서열 정보를 미국국립보건원(NCBI) GenBank 데이터베이스에 등록되어있는 생물종의 염기서열과 비교함으로써 제품에 사용된 유산균의 종을 동정하였다. 동정된 균주는 Lactobacillus 6종(L. paracasei, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. helveticus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), Lactococcus 1종(Lc. lactis), Streptococcus 1종(S. thermophilus)으로 모두『건강기능식 품의 기준 및 규격(고시 제2019-149호)』에서 제시한 프로바이오틱스 제품에 사용될 수 있는 미생물로 확인되었다. 제품별 균주 사용 빈도는 L. paracasei (n=7), L. acidophilus (n=5), L. helveticus (n=5), S. thermophilus (n=3), L. rhamnosus (n=2), L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (n=2), Lactobacillus plantarum (n=1), Lc. lactis (n=1) 순 으로 조사되었다. 소비자 알권리 및 신뢰도 향상을 위하여 사용된 프로바이틱스 미생물의 균주명 등의 제공이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Eco-friendly consumption is a prominent trend in the fashion industry, by which many firms attract the interest of consumers using a green marketing strategy. However, “greenwashing” (caused by distorted, exaggerated, and false information) gives rise to consumer confusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consumer confusion and value on price sensitivity and purchase intention. Data was collected from 228 respondents using a questionnaire that was distributed to consumers living in Seoul and Kyunggi, South Korea. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, regression analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha using SPSS 23.0. The results were as follows: First, factor analysis showed the consumer value variable was significantly categorized in altruistic and self-expressive values. All variables (altruism, selfexpression, consumer confusion, price sensitivity, and purchase intention) were shown to have significantly good internal validity. Second, altruistic consumer value was shown to positively affect the purchase intention of eco-friendly fashion products, but self-expressive consumer value had no significant effect. Third, consumer confusion on eco-friendly fashion products had a negative effect on purchase intention. Fourth, altruistic and self-expressive consumer values had no effect on price sensitivity. Fifth, consumer confusion on eco-friendly fashion products positively affect price sensitivity. Sixth, price sensitivity on eco-friendly fashion products had a negative effect on purchase intention. Therefore, fashion firms should provide a certified green mark to consumers to eliminate confusion and deliver the right message without greenwashing. Moreover, fashion firms should develop green marketing strategies that are more focused on altruistic consumers.

This study examined the effect of Instagram usage time (short, long) and spending on fashion products (light, heavy) on product attitude and purchase intention of products promoted by an influencer. The moderating effect of influencer type (mega, macro, micro) was also investigated. A total of 515 males and females in their 20s participated in an online survey. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and exploratory factor analysis and two-way ANOVA were conducted. Research findings were as follows. First, the usage time, both short and long, had a positive effect on product attitude. Also, the interactive effects of usage time and influencer type on product attitude were found. Consumers with short Instagram usage time displayed the highest attitude toward products promoted by a macro-influencer whereas consumers with long Instagram usage time displayed the highest attitude toward products promoted by a micro-influencer. Second, usage time and influencer type did not show interactive effects on purchase intention. Third, both categoriacl variables of users’ spending on fashion products had a positive effect on product attitude. Fourth, the interaction effects of spending on fashion products and influencer types on purchase intention were found. The group of light buyers showed the highest purchase intention on products promoted by the macro-influencer while the group of heavy buyers showed the highest purchase intention of products promoted by the micro-influencer. Based on the results, implications were suggested.

As the postsecondary school-age population continues to decline, universities are building identities to differentiate themselves and create a favorable impression among this cohort. We investigated the role of logo-bearing products as a way of promoting university identity, specifically, the effects of ingroup ties, ingroup affect, and centrality on attitude toward university logo products and purchase intention. This study further examined the moderating effects of perceived university prestige on the relationship between logo product attitude and in-store purchase intention, and the moderating effect of online shopping frequency on the relationship between logo product attitude and online purchase intention. We conducted a survey of undergraduate and graduate students at a university in Seoul. Survey responses (N=561) were collected and processed using SPSS 23.0. Multiple regression analysis showed that ingroup ties and affect had significant effects on product attitude. However, centrality had no significant effect on attitude toward the product. Product attitude had a direct significant effect on both in-store and online purchase intention. Perceived university prestige moderated the relationship between product attitude and in-store purchase intention. Moreover, online shopping frequency moderated the relationship between product attitude and online purchase intention. The results of this study are expected to provide fundamental knowledge for developing product strategy of logo products.

A manufacturing company should produce its products and make a profit to continue its management. With the adoption of a multi-category small-volume production system, manufacturers that produce concrete pump-cine products are carrying out improvement activities to increase their market share amid the business-to-customer business environment. However, the slump in the construction investment environment has led to a decline in sales of concrete pump trucks. The purpose of holding inventory is to prevent loss of sales opportunities with the rate of change in the sales plan, and reducing the rate of change in the product can reduce unnecessary inventory and, in order to realize this, the goal of reducing inventory can be achieved by reviewing the parts that can be designed for common use. Therefore, to reduce the inventory of concrete pump trucks, semi-finished publicization design is necessary. According to the analysis, the frame assembly process of the 32M model is common. Production capacity can be secured without loss of sales opportunity.

해외직구를 비롯한 인터넷 구매 환경에서 소비자들은 실제적인 제품을 보지 못하고 제품의 사진과 제품 정보에 의존하여 의사결정을 내리게 된다. 제품의 사진은 제품의 형태만을 보여줄 뿐이므로 소비자들은 정확한 크기에 대한 정보는 제품 속성을 나타내는 텍스트에 의존하게 된다. 이러한 크기나 양을 표시할 때, 같은 양이나 크기를 나타내는 데에도 여러 가지 단위와 그에 따른 다른 숫자가 사용될 수 있다. 예를 들어 해외 직구 상황에서 30ml 의 향수가 1 fl. oz.로 표시되어 있는 사이트를 발견할 수도 있다. 이러한 상황에서 소비자들은 같은 크기의 제품 이라 하더라도 표시한다고 하더라도 사용된 단위에 따라 크기를 다르게 인식할 수 있다. 즉 큰 숫자로 표현된 사물을 크게 지각하는 다수성 효과가 나타나는 경우도 있고 그 반대로 큰 단위가 사용되면 크게 지각하는 단위효과가 나타날 수도 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 다수성 효과와 단위효과에 영향을 미치는 요소로 심리적 거리 중의 하나인 사회적 거리와 단 위의 친숙성을 제시하고 이들의 조절효과를 살펴 보았다. 이를 위하여 두 가지 실험이 사용되었다. 우선 실험 1 에서는 사회적 거리가 가까울 경우는 다수성 효과가 나타나는 경향이 있고 사회적 거리가 멀 경우에는 단위 효과 가 나타나는 경향이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 실험 2에서는 단위친숙성이 낮은 경우에는 다수성 효과가 강해지고 단위친숙성이 높은 경우에는 그 다수성 효과가 약해짐을 알 수 있었으며 또 실험 1에서 나타난 사회적 거리의 조절효과는 단위 친숙성이 낮을 경우에는 나타나지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

전 세계적인 코로나19의 확산으로 인해, 진단시약 등과 같은 감염병 의료 및 의료기기 신제품이 비약적으로 개발·출시되고 있으며, 이의 빠른 수급을 위해 각 국가들은 수입규제를 완화하거나 신속한 인·허가를 위한 정책을 펼치고 있다(NIDS, 2020). 반면, 신종감염병과 관련 없는 신개발 의료기기의 경우 오히려 시험검사 등 지연 및 취소되는 사례가 발생하고 있는 등 여전히 엄격한 인·허가규제를 통해 시장에 진출하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 의료기기신제품이 시장에 진출하면서 마주하게 되는 정부소관법률에 특화하여 규제강도 영향요인을 도출하고 규제강도를 분석하여 규제대응 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 연구방법은 문헌연구, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA)기법 적용, 전문가인터뷰(1차):아이디어수집, 전문가인터뷰(2차) : 타당성검증의 방법으로 진행하였으며, FMEA기법의 적용프로세스를 통해 우선 규제단계별 영향요인의 발생영향도와 규제사무 유형별 부담영향도를 곱하여 규제요인의 중요도를 구하고, 규제영향 심각도를 곱하는 방식으로 규제강도 정량화방법을 제시하였다. 시사점은 최근 해외 주요 국가들 및 우리나라 정부가 코로나19에 따른 신개발의료기기의 신속한 인·허가를 위한 특별규제정책 및 완화정책을 펼치며 적극적으로 대응하고 있는 시점에 본 연구에서 제안된 프레임워크를 통해 향후 기존 의료기기 신제품의 인·허가 정책 규제프로세스에도 보다 적극적이며 선제적인 대응이 될 수 있도록 규제의 개선방향과 규제대응 방안이 이루어지길 기대한다.