정보를 활용하고 있는 노인들에게는 어떤 정보가 더욱 유익하고 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 만족도가 높은 정보인가를 알아보는 것은 노인의 정보화의 방향을 제시할 수 있다. 노인들이 정보를 활용하는데 어떤 유형의 정보를 활용하는지 그 유형에 따라 노인이 느끼는 삶의 질은 어떻게 달라지는 지에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 유형에 따른 정보활용 정도는 앞으로 노인의 정보화 정책에 구체적인 대안과 정보정책을 수립하는데 기초 정보로 활용할 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 필요성에 의해서 본 연구에서는 노인의 정보활용에 대한 정도와 유형이 노인의 삶의 질에 어느 정도 영향을 미치게 되는지를 보고자하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터 교육을 받아 인터넷을 활용하고 있는 노인을 대상으로 노인의 삶의 질에 대한 차이를 알아보기 위한 일원변량분석 방법을 사용하였고 정보 활용의 요인과 삶의 질의 관계를 알아보기 위해서 상관관계분석을 하였다. 또한 종속변수와 독립변수의 관련된 요인을 단계별로 투입하는 Stepwise방식으로 중다회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 실시하여 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 정보활용 유형에 대해 분석하였다. 연구결과를 보면 노인의 사회인구학적 요인들이 정보활용 유형을 다르게 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있어 노인의 정보활용 도구의 다양함이 요구되었다. 또한 노인의 정보활용 유형에 따라 삶의 질의 다양한 요인에 영향을 주는 것으로 노인의 삶의 욕구에 맞는 정보활용 다양화와 컨텐츠 개발이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 정보사회에서 노인의 성공적 노화를 위한 사회참여의 일환으로 노인을 위한 인터넷 컨텐츠 개발의 다양화와 프로그램 개발이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

본 연구에서는 뇌졸중 환자의 포괄적 재활과정에서 가장 중요한 요소인 재활동기의 수준과 이를 바탕으로 삶의 질 관계를 규명함으로써 뇌졸중 환자의 재활동기 조성 및 유발에 효과적으로 재활서비스를 제공할 수 있 도록 하기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 이 연구의 대상자는 경기도 분당 및 용인에 소재한 재활전문병원 3곳과, 부평시에 소재한 재활전문병 원 1곳, 서울에 위치한 요양병원 1곳에서 2008년 12월부터 2009년 1월까지 재활운동치료를 받는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 200명의 설문지를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 결과 : 재활동기와 삶의 질 간의 상관관계분석 결과 긍정적 및 부정적 재활동기, 의료기관 및 사회적 도움 기대 정도에 대해 5개 영역(삶의 질, 신체적 건강영역, 심리적 건강영역, 사회적 건강영역, 환경영역)에서 모두 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p< .05). 그리고 재활동기와 삶의 질 간의 종합적인 영향력을 알아보기 위해 다중회귀 분석을 실시한 결과 재활동기에 대해 사회적 건강영역의 만족도(beta .680)가 클수록 높게 작용하였고, 그 다음 이 전반적인 삶의 질(beta .285), 신체적 건강영역(beta - .250)이었다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 재활동기와 삶의 질은 각 요소의 밀접한 관계에 있고 그중에서도 사회적 건강영역의 만족 도와 재활동기가 연관성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 뇌졸중 환자가 사회적 건강영역의 부문의 만족도 가 증진될 수 있는 여러 가지 중재를 개발하여 제공한다면 이들의 삶의 질은 더 높아질 것으로 사료된다.

목적 : 연구의 목적은 우리나라 노인들의 문화와 정서에 적합한 활동척도를 개발하여 남녀 노인의 활동 수준과 의미 있는 활동을 비교하고, 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 관련성을 규명하였다. 연구방법 : 연구의 대상은 60세 이상 남자 노인 199명, 여자 노인 258명으로 총 457명이 참여하였으며, 노인생활만족척도를 사용하여 노인의 삶의 질을 평가하였다. 또한 노인의 활동수준은 평가를 위해 한국판 활동척도를 개발하여 연구에 이용하였다. 결과 : 노인의 수행 활동을 성별로 비교하여 볼 때 여자 노인은 수단적 일상생활을 남자 노인은 고강도 신체활동을 더 많이 하였으며, 노인의 활동과 삶의 질과의 상관관계를 통하여 남, 여, 전체 노인에서 수단적 일상생활, 저강도 신체활동, 고강도 신체활동, 사회활동에 많이 참여할수록 삶의 질은 높았다. 최종적으로 위계적 다중선형회귀분석을 통하여 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 전체 노인의 경우 연령, 건강상태, 생활수준, 노후설계 준비기간, 사회활동이, 남자 노인의 경우 건강상태, 배우자 유무, 생활수준, 노후설계 준비기간이 삶의 질을 예측할 수 있는 요인으로 작용하였으며, 여자 노인의 경우 연령, 건강상태, 생활수준, 노후 설계 준비기간, 사회활동이 삶의 질을 예측할 수 있는 요인으로 작용하였다. 결론 : 연구 결과를 토대로 남녀 노인에 적합한 성별에 따른 차별화된 활동을 개발하고 1차, 2차, 3차 예방 사업에 사회활동 요소를 포함하여야 할 것이다. 향후 전국 조사를 통하여 우리나라 노인들을 대상으로 활동 수준과 삶의 질과의 관련성을 규명할 수 있는 다양한 연구들이 수행되어야 할 것이며, 작업치료적 관점에서 장애 노인을 대상으로한 활동의 변화와 삶의 질에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것을 제언한다.

This study was carried out to analyze any possible changes in the heart rate variability(HRV) of white-collar workers of a manufacturing firm based in Chollabuk-do Province when they are stressed due to their daily job performance and thereby to help them seek a more effective method of the management of their health and help them form more desirable habits of living by finding out how seriously his or her stresses from his or her job performance affect their quality of life(QOL). As a process of the above-mentioned manufacturer's plan to do an Oriental health examination on its white-collar workers, each of the workers of the firm was given a copy of questionaires. The questionaires carried questions regarding each of the workers' general characteristics, clinical history, health-related lifestyle and the QOL and each of the workers was asked to provide his answers to the questions listed on the questionaire. The examination progressed to measure any possible changes in the HRV of an individual worker. Among all of the questionaires filled out and collected from the workers, a total of 423 data were used as the data of the research except those that had answers which were not appropriate for the purpose of the research. The analysis of each of the workers' health related quality of life(HRQOL) showed that the younger, the lower the standard of education is, each of the subjects was found to tend to show a relatively higher QOL if only he is healthy. With regard to the worker's habits of living, those who exercise on a regular basis and who get a good sleep were also found to have a comparatively higher QOL With reference to the HRV, young workers, those who have spouses, those with a high level of academic background, those with a short work experience were found to tend to have a relatively higher HRV. As regards each worker's habits of living, those who do exercise on a regular basis were found to have a comparatively higher index of HRV. RMSSD was found to have an impact on workers' general health, on the other hand TP was found to have an impact on workers' role of emotion. This result was based on findings through analyzing interrelation between HRV and QOL that stresses have an impact on the QOL. Taking a look at the above results, it was learned that individual worker's efforts to promote his or her health, along with establish desirable habits of living, these two qualities are important methods to improve the quality of life. In addition, control of stresses is necessary to improve the QOL, which is possible through emotional stabilization.

목적 : 본 연구는 건강한 노인들의 건강지각과 삶의 질을 조사하고 서로의 관계를 분석하는 것이다. 또한 건강지각과 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 요인들을 밝혀서 노인 삶의 질을 향상 시키는 전략을 세우는데 기초자료를 제공하기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 이를 위해서 대구시의 대표적인 노인관련기관 3군데의 건강한 남녀노인 553명을 대상으로 노인의 주관적 건강상태와 가장 선호하는 제품을 조사하는 질문지를 통해 건강지각을 알아보았다. 그리고 노인 삶의 질을 알아보기 위해 관련연구에서 사용한 네 가지 차원으로 구성된 삶의 질 척도를 사용하였다. 결과 : 노인들은 자신의 건강상태를 보통정도로 인식하였고 미래 활동에 대한 건강은 보통이하의 점수를 보였다. 삶의 질은 주관적 건강상태와 상관관계가 있었고 사회인구학적 요인 중에 경제적 수준이나 교육 수준과 상관성이 있음을 보였다(p < .01). 결론 : 노인의 건강지각의 향상은 노인 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 노인 삶의 질을 조사하기 위해서는 노인건강, 경제수준, 교육 수준을 함께 분석하여야 한다. 본 연구의 결과를 시작으로 노인 삶의 질 향상과 건강 상태를 높이는 전략 개발을 위한 연구를 시행해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in ambulatory stroke patients. This was a cross-sectional survey study of 60 patients who had survived one year or more after a stroke in community. Activities of daily living were assessed using the Functional Independence Measure (FlM) and health-related quality of life using the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). The association between FIM and SIS was examined using Pearson' s correlation. The FIM score was higher than the SIS score. Most domains of FIM exhibited a high rate (45-85%) of ceiling effects. However, only the communication and memory domain of SIS exhibited of ceiling effects. The correlation coefficients were .835 (p<.01) for FIM-motor vs. SIS-ADL, .257 (p<,05) for FIM-motor vs. SIS-communication, .596 (p<.01) for FIM-motor vs. SIS-social participation, .635 (p<.01) for FIM-cognition vs. SIS-memory, .369 (p<.01) for FIM-cognition vs. SIS-ADL, and .289 (p<.05) for FlM-cognition vs. SIS-social participation. In conclusion, the correlation between FIM-motor and SIS-social participation was higher than that of FlM-cognition and SIS-social participation. The domains of emotion and hand function of SIS showed no correlation coefficients with FIM-total. To examine the activities of daily living and the quality of life in ambulatory stroke patients in community, it is necessary to use both the FIM and SIS.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate an effect that presbyopia correction with PAL(Progressive Addition Lens) influences upon the vision related quality of life. 70 presbyopes over 45 years old in the capital region put a new PAL spectacles for more than 1 month. NEI VFQ questionnaire was used to compare the quality of life after using PAL spectacles and to analyze how much the quality of life has been improved. Myopia and non-myopia groups were not differed, however two groups were significantly improved. There were no differences between low addition group and high addition group, however after the experiment the quality of life in low addition group was improved in more many areas than one of high addition group. Low amount of astigmatism group and high amount of astigmatism group also had no differences, however two groups were also improved significantly after the experiment. Indirect astigmatism, direct astigmatism and oblique astigmatism groups have no differences, however oblique astigmatism group has no a significant difference, and the quality of life in indirect astigmatism group was improved in various items more than direct astigmatism group after the experiment. Comparisons among habitual types of presbyopia correction showed no a significant difference, however the single vision group was improved by much in the quality of life among 4 groups. As the result, Presbyopia correction using PAL were improved the quality of life significantly in their mental, social, visual and functional areas.

The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) between breast cancer patients with lymphedema and without using the SF-36 (Korean version). Fifty-three consecutive, unselected patients who underwent treatment for breast cancer patients with lymphedema and 37 patients without lymphedema from August 4, 2004 to October 13, 2005 were interviewed and asked to complete the SF-36. These data were used to test the hypothesis that breast cancer patients with lymphedema experience impaired quality of life relative to their control group. The lymphedema group scored poorer than the control group on six of the eight subscales as well as the physical component summary scale of the SF-36 (p<.05). Only bodily pain didn't show statistical difference (p>.05). Breast cancer patients with lymphedema appear to experience problems in multiple quality of life domains compared with without lymphedema group. These findings demonstrate the need for interventions to improve the quality of life in breast cancer patients with lymphedema.

목적 : 장애유형별 부모의 양육스트레스와 삶의 질의 차이와 관계를 알아내어, 장애아동을 둔 부모의 양육스트레스를 감소시키고 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 작업치료 중재방법을 제시하거나 사회적 지원 서비스를 구축하는데 필요한 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 연구방법 : 만 3세부터 7세까지 서울 및 경기도에 소재한 병원, 복지관, 연구소에서 작업치료를 받고 있는 장애아동 115명을 대상으로 설문조사 하였다. 설문지의 구성은 부모의 양육스트레스는 Parenting Stress Index (PSI)로, 삶의 질은 국내의 실정에 맞게 재구성한 Quality of Life를 이용하였다. 결과 : 장애유형에 따른 부모의 양육스트레스의 정도, 삶의 질의 정도는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 총점을 비교해보면 정서장애아동을 양육하는 부모의 스트레스가 정신지체나 신체장애아동을 둔 부모의 점수보다 높은 편이다. 장애유형에 따른 부모의 양육스트레스와 삶의 질 정도차이는 부모의 양육스트레스에서만 나타났다. 정서장애와 신체장애 아동을 둔 부모의 양육스트레스와 삶의 질과의 상관성은 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 특히, 정서장애보다 신체장애 아동을 둔 부모의 상관성이 높았다. 반면에 정신지체 아동을 둔 부모의 경우 양육스트레스와 삶의 질과의 상관성은 없었다. 결론 : 장애아동을 둔 부모의 양육스트레스를 감소시키고, 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있도록 장애유형에 맞는 작업치료 중재방법 제시 및 사회적 지원의 확대가 필요할 것이다.

목적 : 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질 평가도구(SS-QOL)의 요인분석을 통한 판별․집합 타당도(discriminant-convergent validity)를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 국내에서 번역된 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질 평가도구를 사용하여 일대일 면접방법을 통하여 삶의 질을 평가하였다. 130명의 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 자료 수집이 이루어졌다. 타당성을 검증하기 위해서 우선, 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였으며 다시 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 탐색적 요인분석(exploratory factor analysis)에서 일차적으로 9개의 잠재변인과 36문항으로 축소되었다. 개념적으로는 각기 다른 영역인 상지기능-자조활동, 기분-성격, 사고력-시력이 각각 하나의 요인으로 묶였다. 탐색적 요인분석은 경험적인 지지를 하지만 선험적인 지지를 하지 못하므로 확인적 요인분석(confirmatory factor analysis)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 상지기능-자조활동은 자조활동으로 하나의 요인으로 묶였으며 내용타당성(content validity)의 부분에서도 동일한 개념을 측정하고 있었다. 그리고 사고력과 시력은 경험적, 선험적으로 각각 두개의 요인으로 나눌 수 있었다. 하지만 기분과 성격은 경험적으로 하나의 요인으로 나왔지만 심리학적으로 명확한 두개의 요인이므로 두개로 나누어 사용해야 한다. 결론 : 기존의 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질 평가도구는 12 잠재변인을 측정하고 48개의 문항으로 되어 있지만 본 연구의 결과 11 잠재변인과 34개의 문항으로 판별․집합 타당도가 평가되었다. 향후 연구에서는 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질 평가도구의 구성타당도를 평가하는 작업이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

목적 : 본 연구는 대전지역 노인들의 일상생활동작 수행수준과 삶의 질에 관련된 요소를 측정하여 노인들의 일상생활동작 수준 및 삶의 질에 따른 일상생활동작 수행의 차이에 대해 알아보고자 시도되었다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상은 대전광역시에 거주하는 65세 이상의 재가 노인 500명으로 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 설문지는 일반적인 특성 및 일상생활동작 능력 평가도구인 Barthel Index, Frenchy Activities Index와 SF-12에서 발췌한 삶의 질 관련 요소들로 구성되었으며, 일대일 면접조사를 통해 수집되었다. 결과 : 대전 지역 노인들의 일상생활동작 수행점수는 평균 96.05(표준편차 11.04)이었으며, 노인의 결혼 상태, 가족구성, 자녀유무, 직업유무에 따라 기본적 일상생활동작수행의 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 수단적 일상생활동작 수행점수는 평균 18.41(표준편차 10.28)로 노인의 성별, 연령, 교육 수준, 가족구성, 자녀유무, 직업유무에 따라 수단적 일상생활동작 수행의 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 노인의 주관적 건강상태 및 생활전반에 대한 만족도에 따른 기본적 일상생활동작 수행수준과 수단적 일상생활동작 수행은 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 결론 : 본 연구결과를 통해 대전 지역노인들의 기본적인 일상생활동작 수행의 수준과 수단적 일상생활동작 수행의 수준을 알 수 있었고, 주관적 건강상태나, 생활만족도와 같은 삶의 질에 관련된 요소와 일상생활동작 수행수준 간에 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로 노인들이 건강하게 살 수 있도록 삶의 질을 높이기 위해서는 일상생활동작 수행수준을 높일 수 있는 작업치료사의 역할이 요구되며, 노인들의 의존적인 문제를 보완하고 능동적이며 긍정적인 삶을 유지할 수 있는 중재 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

The shelf-life of Yugwa(Busuge) is very short because of the low oxidative stability of soybean oil which is conventionally used as the frying oil of Yugwa base with high porous structures. To identify the possibility of replacing soybean oil with palm oil whose oxidative stability is high, POV(peroxide value), AV(acid value), colorness (L. a and b), hardness and sensory characteristics during storage of the Yugwa base fried with the soybean oil and palm oil stored in the anaerobic packaging or the aerobic packaging at 10 and 30℃ for 75 days were measured. POV and AV of the Yugwa base fried with palm oil were significantly lower than those of Yugwa fried with the soybean oil. Hardness and colorness were not different each other and, sensory evaluation was slightly higher than that fried with soybean oil. Lipid absorption amount was not significantly different between the Yugwa base fried with palm oil and the one fried with soybean oil.

This Study was designed to provide the basic data of effective intervention for the promotion of coping and quality of life in family caregivers of stroke patients. The subjects of this study were a total of 113 caregivers of stroke patients under occupational therapy at university hospitals located in Seoul city and Kyeongki-do. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire during the period from March 4th to July 30th. 1997. The questionnaires consisted of questions regarding burden(21 item. 5 point scale). coping(29 item. 4 point scale) and quality of life(47 item. 5 point scale). Data were analyzed using SAS program for t-test. ANOVA. Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows: 1. In the relationships between burden and demographic characteristics of the family caregivers: there were no significant differences. 2. In the relationships between coping and demographic charactersistics of the family caregivers: monthly income and religious affilition had statistically significant differences. The level of coping was significantly higer in those who perceived their religion as helpful than in their counterparts. 3. In the relationships between quality of life and demographic characteristics of the family caregivers: supporters, education, occupation and monthly income had statistically significant differences. The level of the quality of life was significantly higher in those who received support for family chores than in those who didn't. 4. The relationship between burden and coping showed a significant negative correlation. The relationship between coping and quality of life, and current Barthel Index showed a significant positive correlation.

Through psychological evaluation, this study attempted to verify the effect of quality of life improvements from gardening activities in apartment landscaping spaces. The study was conducted on 32 mothers raising children. Psychological valuation was conducted using world Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire(WHOQOL-Bref), the Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS), the Life Satisfaction Experience Scale(LSES), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised(SCL-90-R). The psychological analysis results showed that, engaging in gardening activities for two weeks had, a positive effect on mothers’ environmental of quality of life evaluation. The LSES indicates that satisfaction with oneself significantly increased after starting the gardening activities. The activity resulted in a positive change in attitude toward life. The SCL-90-R results showed changes in the mother’s psychological state. There was a significant amelioration of obesessive-compulsive behaviors, hostility, and phobic anxiety. In conclusion, this study was found that, for mothers in apartments, outdoor gardening activities can significantly affect their quality of life. Moreover, it can help prevent mental health deterioration, Further study should be conducted on the beneficial effects of gardening on the variety of age groups and activities.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the problems caused by overtourism affect the quality of life of Jeju residents and their perceptions of the overtourism phenomenon by exploring related factors for future policy implications. In the research model, each independent factor related to tourists affects the quality of life of residents, and the mediation variable (QoL) ultimately agrees with overtourism. This study uses Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which is less influenced by the sample size. The research is based on 360 questionnaires. The test results showed that cultural factors affected the QoL statistically at 1% significance level, and economic factors were significant at 5%. The quality of life variable affects the agreement of overtourism (p-value 1% significance level). An indirect effect analysis on whether each independent factor affects the overtourism factor through the parameter of the QoL of the residents showed that the cultural factor at 5% level statistically affected it, and economic factors were significant at 10%. In conclusion, we recommend implementing both economic and cultural factors to reduce the negative perception of overtourism for the policy planning. Further research in multiple aspects should be continued to overcome the vulnerability of the Island destination tourism.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) in international college students who have had insufficient exercise time due to diverse challenges from new living and academic environments. Methods: A total of 193 (86 male and 107 female) international students from colleges and universities in North Carolina, U.S. completed all the questionnaires (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise and Quality of Life) for this study. Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to measure the relationship between PA and QoL and the influence of PA on QoL. Results: The results indicated the positive relationship between the sum of PA levels (mild, moderate and strenuous exercises) and all the subscales of QoL (cognitive, emotional, functional, integrated, physical, social and spiritual), however, there were no correlations between mild exercise and physical, moderate exercise and social, and strenuous exercise and two subscales of QoL (emotional and spiritual). In addition, the findings demonstrated the significant effects of the all PA levels on QoL in a positive direction. Conclusion: This study suggests that an appropriate level (mild and moderate exercises) of participations in physical activity in leisure time is able to contribute to the enhancement of the positive relationship with overall quality of life, especially in the aspect of psychological health promotion among international students.

Purpose: We examined the mediating role of physical self-worth in the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in Korean adolescents. Methods: Data from 236 middle school students were used for the present study (boys = 139, 58.9%; girls = 97, 41.1%; middle school first grade = 127, 53.8%; middle school third grade = 109, 46.2%). Questionnaire data on demographics, physical activity, physical self-worth, subdimnesions of quality of life, and global quality of life were collected. We utilized the Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS Macro to test mediation models. Results: Results revealed that physical activity was associated with physical self-worth, which in turn, was associated with subdimensions of quality of life (e.g., physical, psychological, and emotion and moods quality of life) and global quality of life. Conclusion: More physical activity led to higher perceptions of physical self-worth, thereby contributing to higher perceptions of quality of life. Implications and directions for future research were discussed.

One of the largest and fastest growing segments of the tourism industry, sport tourism refers to travel to play sports, watch sports, or to visit a sport attraction including both competitive and non-competitive activities. In this respect, cycling can be considered as not only a form of physical exercise but also a form of tourism in which cycling is a usual tourism-related activity, heading to a particular destination. The purpose of this study is to examine how demographical differences of cycle tourists are related to the quality of their life. An online survey was conducted and data was analyzed using frequency, reliability, and one - way ANOVA using SPSS 22.0. First, we found that there was no significant difference on the quality of physical life based on demographical characteristics. Second, the analysis of the relationship between demographical characteristics and the quality of mental life showed that income level affects their quality of mental life. Third, the analysis of the relationship between socio demographic characteristics and the quality of social life showed that marital status affects the quality of social life. Fourth, no statistically significant difference was found between the demographical characteristics and the quality of environmental life. Further implications were discussed.

Today, the population of cycle participants is consistently increasing. Cycling is becoming not only a form of physical exercise but also a form of tourism in which cycle activities are related to visiting a particular destination. With the perspective of participation sport tourism, the purpose of this study is to investigate how the level of cycle tourists’ participation affects their quality of life. An online survey link was sent to cycle participants to collect data. Out of the total 337 respondents, a total of 226 samples were used for the final analysis, disregarding those that were found to be inadequate or unreliable. For data analysis, frequency analysis, reliability test, validity, correlations, and regressions were employed with SPSS 22.0. For our first result, we found that the level of cycle participation did not significantly affect the quality of physical life. Second, the level of cycle participation did not have significant effect on the quality of mental life. Third, the level of cycle participation behavior did not have a significant effect on the quality of social life. Fourth, the level of cycle participation behavior did not have a significant effect on the quality of environmental life. Conclusions and political implications are discussed.

Purpose - Due to the lack of physical activities and the increase of sedentary behaviors such as screen time, the health condition for contemporaries has been deteriorating. This study is designed to investigate how the use of worktable or tools unfit for body and sedentary behaviors can exercise influence on muscular skeletal disease and how it has an impact on lowering work efficiency and the quality of life with the medium of the muscular skeletal disease. Research design, data, and methodology - The research has developed a questionnaire with 5 hypothesis. The questionnaires were also made by interview and E-mail. 350 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 315 questionnaire were used for the analysis as valid data responses. SPSS ver.22.0 were used and made Cronbach's and reliability test, correlation, Baron & α Kenny 3 step mediated regression analysis. Results - The research has found that living environment factors have positive effect on the occurrence of musculosketal disease. Particularly, repeated use of unfit worktable or tools has a positive effect on the muscular skeletal disorder. And sedentary lifestyle also has a positive effect on the disease. The musculoskeletal disease caused by living environment has a positive impact on lowering the work efficiency. This study has also showed that the muscular skeletal disease has mediated the relationship between the living environment factors and the decrease of work efficiency due to musculoskeletal disease. The musculoskeletal disorders can effect the decrease of the quality of life as well, for the decrease of work efficiency has a positive effect on lowering the quality of life. Conclusions - Sedentary lifestyles, the use of worktable unfit for body, and the repeated use of a tool have caused the increase of muscular-skeletal diseases, and reduction of productivity as well as the hight cost of medical treatment for our contemporaries. Understanding the cause of disease morbidity, finding ways to prevent the disease, and educating people about them would contribute not only to improvement of individual health but also to the advancement of welfare for all.