울금(Curcuma longa L.)의 생리활성 및 지질과산화 저해능에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 기능성 식품 소재로 활용 가치를 검토하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 총 카로티노이드(total carotenoid) 함량은 1.581±0.005 mg β-carotene equivalents (BCE)/g dry weight으로 관찰되었다. 70% 메탄올, chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), 에틸 아세테이트(ethyl acetate, EA) 3가지 용매를 사용한 추출 수율은 70% 메탄올(16.54%), CM (5.64%), EA (4.14%) 순으로 나타났다. 총 페놀 함량은 EA, CM 및 70% 메탄올에서 각각 106.287, 90.614 및 18.527 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g의 함량으로 나타났으며, 추출 용매 별 항산화능은 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL의 농도로 측정하였고, 양성대조구로 사용된 BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) 및 trolox 보다는 낮은 항산화능을 보였다. Nitric oxide (NO) 라디칼 소거능은 70% 메탄올에서 28.65~48.43%, CM 18.86~55.10%, EA에서 15.68~56.25%로 관찰 되었다. Nitrite (NO2) 소거능은 70% 메탄올, CM 및 EA 순으로 나타나 EA 추출물에서 유의적인 차이를 보이며 강한 NO2 소거능을 나타내었다(p<0.05). β-carotene 탈색 저해능은 70% 메탄올, CM 및 EA에서 각각 1.64~23.79%, 6.99~41.16% 및 10.20~48.52%로 관찰되었다. 한편, 지질과산화 저해능은 70% 메탄올, CM 및 EA 추출물에서 높게 측정되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 울금은 기능성 식품 소재로서 활용 가치가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, we listed the VOCs focusing on ozone precursors emitted from printing shops in urban areas. The emission characteristics of the VOCs from workplaces were evaluated in terms of the used inks. As a result of field measurements, more than 80% of detected VOCs showed high values of photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). The main species were aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylbenzene, toluene, ethyltoluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene and their isomers, and paraffin hydrocarbons such as nonane, decane, and octane. Comparative examination between pristine ink and the printing process revealed the emission of hydrocarbons with 8 to 12 carbons such as o-xylene to n-dodecane from the used inks and with 3 to 7 carbons such as acetone to 3-methylhexane from the printing process. The major contributors to ozone production in printing industries were toluene (12.2%), heptane (7.43%), and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (7.21%) in every step.

We developed a wet scrubber by applying cyclone flow to the gas flow and using a spiral filter structure. While the size of a new scrubber was about half that of a conventional scrubber, the device showed relatively high efficiency in pollutants removal such as particulate matter and compounds inducing odor. The new scrubber installed in a plating industry showed a higher removal efficiency of about 5% for dust, about 23% for hydrogen chloride, and about 23% for sulfur dioxide compared to the conventional scrubber. Plurality of tubes in the spiral filer housing are arranged to be vertically shifted from each other. Because the upward residual gas does not directly rise vertically, the residence time of gas between the filter plates is extended. Thus, the purification efficiency of the pollutants was enhanced in the new scrubber. In addition, the new scrubber developed in this study is more cost effective because the cost saving in manufacturing it compared with a conventional scrubber increases with increasing the size of equipment. It is expected that a scrubber with better dust collecting efficiency can be obtained by carrying out a study in connection with facilities capable of controlling acidity of washing water.

The aim of this study was to select compounds for the standardization of fermented Kalopanax pictus Nakai (KP-F), to develop the analysis method using HPLC-PDA and to perform method validation. KP-F is a fermented powder developed to improve the original physiological activities and create a new functionality. Eleutheroside E, Acanthoside B, and Syringaresinol were selected as the standard compounds and developed our own method for simultaneous analysis. The analyte was isolated using C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.05 M phosphoric acid in water and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detected at 210 nm. As a result, all standard compounds showed good linearity with an R2 (coefficient of correlation) of 1.000 and for the limit of detection range of 0.710~0.831 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification as 2.150~2.520 μg/mL. The precision was RSD (%) of less than 4.80%, while the accuracy was 4.70%>RSD (%) for the range 102.44~110.48%. In conclusion, the developed analysis method is suitable for the detection of Eleutheroside E, Acanthoside B, and Syringaresinol in KP-F.

호박꽃과실파리(Bactrocera scutellata)는 박과 식물의 해충으로 기주식물을 찾아가는데 냄새 감각이 중요한 역할을 한다. 이들의 기주 식물인 단호박, 애호박, 노란호박 및 하늘타리의 냄새물질을 포집하여 이들 추출물에 대한 호박꽃과 실파리의 촉각과 작은턱수염의 냄새반응을 GC-EAD(Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection) 및 GC-EPD (Gas chromatography-electropalpographic detection)를 이용하여 조사한 결과, 촉각과 작은턱수염에 존재하는 냄새감각세 포들에 강한 냄새활성을 나타내는 여러 물질들이 탐지되어, 촉각과 작은턱수염 모두 기주식물의 감지에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 보여주었다. 하지만, 촉각과 작은턱수염에 냄새활성을 나타내는 물질들의 종류는 서로 확연한 차이를 보여서 촉각과 작은턱수염이 기주식물의 냄새물질 탐지에 서로 다른 역할을 할 것이라는 사실을 나타내었다. 우리는 이들 냄새활성물질의 화학구조 동정을 진행하고 있으며, 이들의 구조가 밝혀지면 이들 물질의 호박꽃과실파리 에 대한 행동활성을 조사할 예정이다.

In this study, we measured the concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in four different seasons from 2016 to 2017 in order to determine seasonal variation of indoor air quality in relation to public transportation modes (subways, trains, and express buses). The measurement was carried out both during rush hour when traffic was congested as well as during non-rush hour when traffic was not congested. Effects by season, degree of congestion, and characteristics of public transportation were analyzed on the basis of 295 items of data during the periods of congestion and 295 items of data during the periods of non-congestion. The average TVOCs concentration in winter was the highest with 226.4 μg/m 3 . The average TVOCs concentration on an express bus was the highest with a seasonal average of 142.3 μg/m 3 . The TVOCs concentration in the period of congested traffic was higher than in the period of non-congested traffic for all public transportation modes. For the average TVOCs concentration by season and transportation, there was no data that exceeded the guidelines regarding maintaining indoor air quality. However, 2.5% of all sample measured data (TVOCs) exceeded the guidelines regarding maintaining indoor air quality. Therefore, the continuous monitoring of public transport vehicles is required.

This study was conducted to determine the absorption properties of silicone oil, liquid paraffin, and silicone rubber as absorbents for hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mainly emitted from the printing and publishing industry through VOCs absorption efficiency and partition coefficient. Also, changes in absorbability were tested through blending of absorbents and load of target VOCs mixtures. The results obtained can be used as fundamental data to choose an appropriate absorbent. All of the three absorbents showed an excellent absorption efficiency of above 98% for each 5 wt% load of the target VOCs including toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (124-TMB), and n-Nonane. In terms of toluene load, all absorbents showed good absorption efficiency of above 95% to a high load of 15 wt%. The air-absorbent partition coefficient of each target compound (P value) exhibited the highest value of 9.8 × 10−5 for 124-TMB in silicone rubber and the lowest value of 1.6 × 10−2 for IPA in liquid paraffin. These results indicate that the target VOCs had high affinity for the three absorbents. Absorption efficiency for the target VOCs at various absorbent blending ratios using three kinds of absorbents was improved to 99.9% regardless of the absorbent type or blending ratio. This result suggests that the shortcomings of single absorbents can be overcome through absorbent blending, enabling cost reduction and applicability to a dry-type treatment process. In treatment for mixture of the target VOCs to mimic an actual VOCs treatment, the absorption performances of silicone oil showed an absorption efficiency of 99% for 16 wt% of total VOCs load. These results indicated that silicone oil could be considered as a good absorbent.

A pilot-scale biocover was installed at a sanitary landfill for municipal waste, and the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by the biocover was evaluated for a long period of 550 days. The biocover (2.5 m W × 5 m L × 1 m H) was constructed with the mixture of soil, perlite, earthworm cast and compost (6:2:1:1, v/v). The total VOCs concentration of the inlet gas into the biocover was 820.3 ppb~7,217.9 ppb, and the total VOCs concentration of the outlet gas from the surface of the biocover was 12.6 ppb~1,270.1 ppb. The average removal efficiency of total VOCs was 87.6 ± 11.0% (60.5% for minimum and 98.5% for maximum). Toluene concentration was the highest among the inlet VOCs, followed by ethylbenzene, m, p-xylene and o-xylene. These aromatic VOCs accounted for more than 50% of the total VOCs concentration. Other than these aromatic VOCs, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, benzene, and acetone were major VOCs among the inlet VOCs. Compared with the VOC profiles in the inlet gas, the relative contribution of dichloromethane to the outlet VOCs emitted from the biocover layer increased from 0.1% to 15.3%. The average removal efficiencies of BTEX in the biocover were over 84% during the operation period of 550 days. The average removal efficiencies of hexane, cyclohexane and heptane in the biocover were 86.0 ± 18.9%, 85.4 ± 20.4% and 97.1 ± 4.0%, respectively. The removal efficiency of VOCs in the biocover decreased not only when the ambient temperature had fallen below 5oC, but also when the ambient temperature had risen above 23oC. Information on the VOCs removal characteristics of the biocover installed in the landfill field can be useful for commercializing the biocover technology for the treatment of VOCs.

This study was performed to investigate the contamination characteristics of water in the scrubber with the aim of stably maintaining the scrubber, and to comprehend the removal characteristics of sulfur compounds, which are odorous substances, when microbubbles were supplied to the circulation water tank of a scrubber. The results of our analysis found that 63 kinds of gas compounds were detected from the scrubber, and thus it could be determined that Sulfur compounds, Ammonia (base compounds), Aldehyde compounds, and Pyrazine compounds were generated from the process for the production of sesame oil. About 93% of ammonia was removed in the scrubber; however, it was hard to remove Sulfur compounds, Aldehyde compounds and Pyrazine compounds using the scrubber. The efficiency of hydrogen sulfide, methylmercaptan and dimethydisulfide removal using only water in the scrubber was 79.8%, 79.7%, and 81.0%, respectively. However, when microbubbles were supplied to the scrubber, the removal efficiency for each was 83.7%, 91.1%, and 96.1%, respectively. Therefore, it was confirmed that the efficiency of sulfur compound removal was improved by supplying microbubbles to the circulation water tank of the scrubber. In addition, the amount of removal that could be achieved by using microbubbles was 1.05- 1.19 times higher than using only water. In terms of supplying microbubbles, it was confirmed that the saturation time required to absorb odorous gases was about 2.8 times longer than the time without microbubbles because the OH radicals generated when the microbubbles are shrinking partly oxidized organic matter. When there was no chemical in the circulation water tank, the conductivity and CODCr concentration were highly correlated. Therefore the system, which can replace circulation water by using real-time conductivity data, can be considered to be applicable.

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are toxic carcinogenic compounds found in wastewater. VOCs require rapid removal because they are easily volatilized during wastewater treatment. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs) are considered efficient for VOC removal, based on their fast and versatile anodic electrochemical oxidation of pollutants. Many studies have reported the efficiency of removal of various types of pollutants using different anodes, but few studies have examined volatilization of VOCs during EAOPs. This study examined the removal efficiency for VOCs (chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene and toluene) by oxidization and volatilization under a static stirred, aerated condition and an EAOP to compare the volatility of each compound. The removal efficiency of the optimum anode was determined by comparing the smallest volatilization ratio and the largest oxidization ratio for four different dimensionally stable anodes(DSA): Pt/Ti, IrO2/Ti, IrO2/Ti, and IrO2-Ru-Pd/Ti. EAOP was operated under same current density (25 mA/cm2) and electrolyte concentration (0.05 M, as NaCl). The high volatility of the VOCs resulted in removal of more than 90% within 30 min under aerated conditions. For EAOP, the IrO2-Ru/Ti anode exhibited the highest VOC removal efficiency, at over 98% in 1 h, and the lowest VOC volatilization (less than 5%). Chloroform was the most recalcitrant VOC due to its high volatility and chemical stability, but it was oxidized 99.2% by IrO2-Ru/Ti, 90.2% by IrO2-Ru-Pd/Ti, 78% by IrO2/Ti, and 75.4% by Pt/Ti anodes The oxidation and volatilization ratios of the VOCs indicate that the IrO2-Ru/Ti anode has superior electrochemical properties for VOC treatment due to its rapid oxidation process and its prevention of bubbling and volatilization of VOCs.

식품산업에서 가공용 또는 혼반용 등으로 활용 가능한 우수한 품종 선정의 일환으로 국내 육성 현미 품종에 대해 일반성분, 기능성분과 항산화 활성을 분석한 결과, 수분, 조회분, 조지방, 조단백 및 탄수화물 등 일반성분 함량은 품종에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 현미 품종별 phytic acid 함량은 단미 품종이 10.87 mg/g으로 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 현품 품종이 7.39 mg/g으로 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 페놀 성분과 radical 소거활성, FRAP 활성은 유색미 품종이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 현미 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 조은흑미 품종이 각각 615.25 μg GAE/g 및 267.75 μg CE/g으로 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 건강홍미 품종은 각각 311.14 μg GAE/g 및 100.67 μg CE/g으로 조사되었다. 현미 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거활성은 건강홍미, 조은흑미 및 흑광 품종이 각각 89.17, 87.94 및 43.17%로 나타났고, ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 113.57, 113.34 및 93.53 μmol TE/g, FRAP 활성은 각각 951.67, 1,075.75 및 508.33 μM/g으로 높은 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과, 유색미 현미가 높은 페놀 성분 함량과 항산화 활성을 보여 이를 이용한 기능성 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

식품의 향기성분은 다른 주성분에 비해 미량으로 존재하지만, 풍미를 반영하는 중요한 지표로 색, 조직감과 더불어 식품의 품질을 평가하는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에는 SPME 추출방법을 이용하여 산고 품종 배주스의 휘발성 향기성분을 추출하여 GC-MS로 향기성분을 확인 및 동정하였다. 총 22종에 향기 화합물이 분리동정되었고, ester류 7종, aldehyde류 9종, ketone류 2종, alcohol류 1종, acid류 1종, furan류 1종 그리고 함황화합물 1종으로 구성되었다. 이 중에서 ethyl acetate, hexanal, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-(methylthio)-2-propenoate, ethyl octanoate and 2-hexenal이 배주스의 주요 향기성분으로 간주되었다. 특히, ethyl acetate의 함량이 13.36~19.60 μg/kg으로 가장 높은 것으로 검출되어 전체 향기성분의 절반 이상을 차지하였다. 또한, 향기성분의 변화를 억제 및 추출능력 향상을 위해 분석용 시료에서 포화 염화칼슘 용액을 첨가하여 그 효과를 검증하였고, 착즙직후 바로 염용액으로 처리한 배주스에서 aldehyde류, acid류, furans류 및 s-compounds류은 유의적인 많은 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 배 원물의 품질저하 혹은 가공으로 발생한 향기 변화를 보완하는데 기초자료로 활용이 가능하며, 배주스를 활용한 가공식품의 향 품질을 향상시켜 고부가가치 가공식품을 개발하여 배의 소비 촉진에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from printing industries were analyzed, and an inorganic adsorbent, γ-alumina, was selected for the effective control of the VOC emissions. Printing processes commonly require inks, thinners, and cleaners, and they were mixed organic solvents containing aromatic compounds, ketones, and alcohols. Therefore, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were selected as model compounds for this study. The adsorptive properties using γ-alumina were determined for the model compounds. Both batch isotherm and continuous flow column tests demonstrated that the adsorption capacity of MEK and IPA was 3~4 times higher than that of toluene. The column test performed at an inlet toluene concentration of 100 ppm showed that an 80% breakthrough for toluene was observed after 3 hours, but both MEK and IPA were continuously adsorbed during the same time period. A numerical model simulated that the γ-alumina could remove toluene at a loading rate of 0.4 mg/min only for a 4-hour period, which might be too short of a duration for real applications. Consequently, lifetime enhancement for γ-alumina must be implemented, and ozone oxidation and regeneration would be feasible options.

Indoor Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are classified as known or possible toxicants and odorants. This study characterized VOC levels in 11 homes in an area in the capital of Seoul by using two different methods of VOCs sampling, which are the active sampling using a thermal sorption tube and the passive sampling using a diffusion sampler. When using the active sampling method, the total target VOC concentration ranged from 41.7 to 420.7 μg/ m3 (mean 230.4 μg/m3; median 221.8 μg/m3) during winter and 21.3 to 1,431.9 μg/m3 (mean 340.1 μg/m3; median 175.4 μg/m3) during summer. When using the passive method, 29.6 to 257.5 μg/m3 (mean 81.8 μg/m3; median 49.4 μg/m3) during winter and 1.2 to 5,131.1 μg/m3 (mean 1,758.8 μg/m3; median 1,375.1 μg/m3) during summer. Forty-nine VOCs were quantified and toluene showed the highest concentration regardless of the season and the sampling method studied. The distribution of VOCs was relatively varied by using the active method. However, it showed a low correlation with indoor environmental factors such as room temperature, humidity and ventilation time. The correlation between indoor environmental factors and VOCs were relatively high in the passive method. In particular, these characteristics were confirmed by principal component analysis.

참나무 단목원목으로 재배한 P. linteus KACC93057P (PLHS)2년산 자실체 60%에탄올 추출물의 총 페놀함량은 19.05±0.32 mg GAE/g로 다른 비교구 버섯 종에 비하여 4배에서 10배이상의 높게 나타났다. 125 μg/mL농도에서 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 62%와 100%를 나타냈으며 FRAP 환원력은 0.7μMFeSO4/g 으로 비교 구 버섯종 보다 2에서 10배이상의 유효활성이 검출 되었다. PLHS 자실체 ethyl acetate분배 추출물의 HPLC분석에서 styrylpyrone 계열의 화합물 davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B와 phenylpropanoid 계열의 화합물인 caffeic acid가 동정 되었다.

본 연구는 2017년 4월부터 10월까지 북한강 수계 3개의 연속댐 (의암호 (UA), 청평호 (CP), 팔당호 (PD))의 미소생물 군집과 이취미 농도와 관계를 알아보기 위해 환경요인, 이취미 물질, 미소생물 군집 등을 조사하였다. 3개 저수지의 박테리아 군집은 주로 Actinobacteria와 Betaproteobacteria가 우점 분류군으로 나타났으며, 계절성은 나타나지 않았다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 봄철, 규조류 및 은편모조류 여름철 남조류, 가을철 규조류 및 은편모조류 순서로 우점하는 계절성을 보였으며, 북한강 수계에서 출현한 남조류는 Dolichospermum spp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Pseudanabaena spp. 속이 우점 출현하였다. 북한강 수계에 출현한 미소생물 중 이취미 물질을 발생하는 분류군은 Actinobacteria와 남조 Anabaena, Pseudanabaena 속 등이며, 이취미 물질인 Geosmin과 2-MIB가 높게 나타났을 때, 높은 현존량으로 출현하였다. 미소생물과 이취미 물질의 상관관계는 Actinobacteria의 경우 2-MIB (r=0.491, p<0.01)와 유의한 상관성을 나타냈으며, 남조류의 경우 geosmin (r=0.381, p<0.05), 2-MIB (r=0.386, p<0.05)와 유의한 상관성을 나타냈다. 따라서, 북한강 수계에서 나타나는 이취미 물질은 Actinobacteria 및 남조류의 출현과 직접적인 관계가 있을 것으로 사료되며, 남조류 미출현 시 발생하는 높은 농도의 이취미 물질은 Actinobacteria가 생성하는 것으로 판단된다.