In order to accelerate the sintering of Al-Bronze powder covered with passive oxide film, we focused on the way to add Al-Ca fluoride consisting of and , examined the effect of the mixing rate in Al-Ca fluoride, the amount of the added Al-Ca fluoride and the sintering temperature on sintering properties of Al-Bronze powder and considered the mechanism of the sintering acceleration. Al-Bronze powder was sintered most effectively by adding Al-Ca fluoride with the mixing rate of 20mass%. If the amount of added fluoride was over 0.05mass% and the sintering temperature was over 1123K, the sintering acceleration of the Al-Bronze powder appears. Regarding the mechanism of the sintering acceleration, it was presumed that film on the surface of the Al-Bronze particles was removed in the process of the formation of gaseous AlOF by the reaction with , and the reaction was accelerated further by the presence of the liquid phase which is formed in Al-Ca fluoride.

To elucidate the effect of feeding differently prepared CaCO3 (industrially purified limestone) on laying performance, egg shell quality and serum calcium and phosphorus concentration, totally 288 layers (52 wks old), with 16 birds per replicate, 3 replicates per treatment for six treatments were employed into the series of CaCO3 treatments followed by feeding study. Six CaCO3 treatment and diet preparation includes mash diet with naturally sized CaCO3 (MNaC), mash diet with coarsely particled CaCO3 (MCoC), mash diet with finely particled CaCO3 (MFiC), pelleted diet with naturally sized CaCO3 (PNaC), pelleted diet with casein coated CaCO3 (PCnC) and pelleted diet with agar coated CaCO3 (PAgC). Hen day egg production of the bird fed both fine CaCO3 and pelleted CaCO3 were lower (p<0.05) than those fed other CaCO3 diets. Although there is no difference in average egg weight among treatments, the weight tended to be heavier once the egg production rate was low. There is no difference in feed conversion ratio (intake/egg) among treatments. Egg shell thickness was the highest (p<0.05) with feeding of MCoC whereas the value was the lowest with feeding of pelleted CaCO3 diet. Although there is some difference in egg shell thickness, the shell breaking forces were not significantly different among treatments. Calcium content of the shell was the lowest (p<0.05) in the egg from the layer fed finely particled CaCO3. Serum Ca content tended to decrease up to 8 hrs after feeding, then tended to increase afterwards. Although both agar and casein coating of CaCO3 tended to retard the recovering increase of blood Ca, the difference needed to be clarified with individual ovulation cycle. Serum P level was generally decreased as time passed after feeding. Crude protein utilizability was the highest with feeding of agar coated CaCO3 and that of fat was higher with hens fed pelleted diets. Both ash and P utilizabilities of diet with finely particled CaCO3 were the highest among treatment although there were no differences in both energy and Ca utilizabilities. Conclusively, both the particle size of CaCO3 and pelleting of CaCO3 diet could affect shell quality of the egg. The effect was more evident by the differentiation of CaCO3 particle size than any other processing such as pelleting and coating.

gp130-Mediated signaling is involved in both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. but its direct role in the mecha nism of embryonic Meckel’s cartilage and associated mandibular development has not yet been elucidated . In this s tudy. we examined the influence of gp130 ablation on the morphogenesis of Meckel’s cartilage and subsequent d evelopment of mandible by evaluating the morphological and histological changes as well as the gene expression patterns in developing embryonic gp130 deficient Ullce The abla tion of the gp130 gene showecl 110 change in region- specific collagen mRNA expression except for a s light delay in its expression but caused shortened embry 。nic Mecke]'s cartilage, delayed hypertrophic chondrocyte maturation and subseqllent bony replacement with characteristic bending of the intramandibular Meckel's cartilage. The bending 0 1' Meckel's cartilage leads to a narrow mandibular arch at the rostral area with poor cortical plate formation. These fir띠 ings indi cate that gp130 is im p ortant for the normal morphogen않is 01' Meckel's cartiJage and sllbsequent mandib띠a‘ c1evelopmen

Various kinds of Mg-Zn-Ca base alloys were rapidly quenched via melt spinning process. The meltspun ternary and quaternary alloy ribbons were heat-treated, and then the effects of additional elements on age hardening behavior and phase change of precipitates were investigated using Vickers hardness tester, XRD, and TEM equipped with EDS system. In ternary alloys, age hardening was mostly due to the distribution of and . The stable phases of precipitates were varied according to the aging temperature and the alloy composition. With the increase of Ca content, precipitates were detected more than precipitates. In quaternary alloys, the precipitates taken from Mg-Zn-Ca-Co were identified as new quaternary phase, whereas those taken from Mg-Zn-Ca-Zr as MgZnCa containing Zr. In general, the ternary alloy showed higher peak hardness and thermal stability than the quaternary considering the total amounts of the solutes. It implies that the structure of precipitate should be controlled to have the coherent interface with the Mg matrix.

본 연구는 칼슘의 시비농도를 인위적으로 조절한 후 국화를 재배하면서 각 원소의 시비수준이 생육과 절화 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고 생육을 우수하게 유지할 수 있는 식물체 및 토양의 한계농도를 밝히기 위하여 수행하였다. Ca결핍 증상은 신엽에서 발생하였고, 신엽이 cup 형태로 구부러지는 기형증상이 나타났다. 정식 109일 후에 조사한 절화장은 무시비구, 3.0mM 그리고 4.5mM Ca처리에서 각각 105.8cm, 106.5cm, 107.3cm로 조사되었다. Ca시비농도가 증가할수록 절화중이 무거워져 무처리구가 51.6g이었고 6.0mM 시비구에서 59.4g으로 측정되었다. 건물중이 가장 무거웠던 6.0mM Ca시비구에서 3.09%의 식물체내 Ca함량을 갖는 것으로 분석되어 국화 'Biarritz'의 정상 생육을 위해서는 2.8% 이상의 식물체내 Ca 함량을 갖도록 시비하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다. Ca 시비농도가 증가할수록 토양 농도도 뚜렷하게 높아져 무처리구, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 및 6.0mM 시비구가 각각 5.0, 7.3, 12.1, 16.5 및 28.2mg·L-1로 분석되었다. 건물 생산량을 고려하여 정상 생육을 위한 최저한계점은 25.4mg·L-1이라고 판단되었다.

The structure of a carbon monoxide sorption complex of dehydrated fully Ca2+-exchanged zeolite X, |Ca46(CO)27|[Si100Al92O384]-FAU, has been determined in the cubic space group Fd 3 at 21℃ (a = 24.970(4) ) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing stream of 0.05 M aqueous Ca(NO3)2 for three days, followed by dehydration at 400℃ and 2×10-6 Torr for two days, and exposure to 100 Torr of zeolitically dry carbon monoxide gas at 21℃. The structure was determined in this atmosphere and was refined, using the 356 reflections for which Fo 〉 4Σ(Fo), to the final error indices R1 = 0.059 and wR2 = 0.087. In this structure, Ca2+ ions occupy three crystallographic sites. Sixteen Ca2+ ions fill the octahedral site I at the centers of hexagonal prisms (Ca-O = 2.415(7) a). The remaining 30 Ca2+ ions are found at two nonequivalent sites II (in the supercages) with occupancies of 3 and 27 ions. Each of these Ca2+ ions coordinates to three framework oxygens, either at 2.276(10) or 2.298(8) a, respectively. Twenty-seven carbon monoxide molecules have been sorbed per unit cell, three per supercage. Each coordinates to one of the latter 16 site-II Ca2+ ions: C-Ca = 2.72(8) a. The imprecisely determined N-C bond length, 1.26(14) a, differs insignificantly from that in carbon monoxide(g), 1.13 a.

마죠람과 오레가노 수경재배시에 생육과 정유함량에 미치는 양액내 Ca2+ : K+의 적정비율을 구명하고자 시험을 수행하였다. 양액은 유럽채소연구소의 0.5배액을 사용하였다. Ca2+ : K+의 비율은 3.5;13, 4.5:11(표준용액), 5.5:9, 6.5:7 mM·L-1 4가지 농도로 처리하였다. 그 결과 마죠람의 생육은 5.5:9와 6.5:7 mM·L-1구에서 우수하였다. 비타민 C는 6.5:7구에서 그리고 정유함량(%)과 정유수량은 5.5:9구에서 높았다. 오레가노의 경우는 생육과 비타민 C의 함량은 5.5:9와 6.5:7구에서, 정유성분과 수량은 6.5:7구에서 높았다. 따라서 마죠람은 5.5:9 그리고 오레가노는 6.5:7로 조절하여 가꾸는 것이 생육과 수량 그리고 정유 생산량을 증가시킬 수 있다고 본다.

활성화를 통한 수핵란의 대량확보를 위해 44시간동안 체외 성숙된 돼지 난자를 ethanol, Ca/sup 2+/-ionophore, 6-DMAP 및 cycloheximide의 화학물질들을 사용하여 단위발생을 유기한 후 그들의 가장적합한 처리농도 및 노출 시간을 규명하였다. 1. Ethanol은 10%, 10분 처리가 전핵형성율, 난할율 및 배발달율에 있어 각각 약 53.4%, 51.6%, 그리고 39.9%로 가장 적합한 조건으로 판명되었다. 2. Ca/sup 2+/-ionophore 가장 적합한 난활성화 조건은 25μM에서 2분간 처리한 것이며, 전핵형성율, 난할율 및 배발달율은 각각 약 59.7%, 62.2%, 그리고 43.9%를 보였다. 3. 6-DMAP를 처리하여 돼지 난자의 활성화를 유기하였을 경우 2mM의 농도에서 각각 약 57.3%, 58.4% 및 29.0%의 전핵형성율, 난할율, 그리고 배발달율을 보여 가장 적합한 조건을 보였으며 2시간∼4.5시간 사이의 노출에는 영향을 받지 않았다. 4. Cycloheximide는 5㎍/ml의 농도가 전핵형성율 2.1%, 난할율 47.7%, 배발달율 31.8%로 가장 은 효율을 보였고, 노출시간에서는 4시간∼6시간 동안 처리하였을 때 60.5∼65.8%, 63.6∼66.7% 및 39.0∼39.5%로 가장 적합한 조건으로 판명되었다. 이상의 결과들은 돼지 체외 성숙 난자의 활성화에 있어 각 화학물질들의 적합한 조건을 바탕으로한 중복처리 및 병용처리 조건 확립 및 효율적인 수핵란의 확보에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

3-weeks old Commelina was transferred to and grown in Hoagland solution (± 100 μM Cd2+, 100 μM Cd2+ ＋ 100μM Ca2+, 100 μM Cd2+ ＋ 200 μM EGTA) for two weeks and then a number of physiological activities

시설토양내 Na나 Cl이온의 과다집적은 직접 또는 간접적으로 작물의 생육에 장해를 준다 따라서 본 실험은 플라스틱 포트재배에서 NaCl에 의해 생육이 억제된 작물에 Ca을 토양에 시용함으로써 치유효과를 검토코자 수행되었다. 토마토(하우스 모모타로)를 공시하여 80 mM NaCl를 처리하고 Ca(NO3)2과 CaCl2을 각각 0, 10, 20mM을 토마토 재배용 야마자키 표준양액에 첨가하여 공급하였다. NaCl집적토양에 Ca을 시용함으로써 모두 초장,생체중,건물중,착과수,과중의 생육을 촉진하였다 이러한 효과는 Ca의 농도가 높을수록 좋았고 Ca(NO3)2이 CaCl2보다 좋았다 수량은 NaCl 집적＋Ca(NO3)2 20mM 처리구에서 대조구를 제외한 여타 처리구보다 많았다. 광합성 속도는 Ca 처리구가 NaCl 처리구보다 높았으며, Ca 농도가 증가할수록 높았다. 엽록소 함량은 Ca처리구에서 대조구보다 많았으며, 새로운 잎이 오래된 잎보다 많았으나 Ca의 농도간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. Ca(NO3)2이나 CaCl2을 처리함으로써 식물체의 Na함량은 감소하였고 N, K및 Ca함량은 증가하였다. 특히 K/Na비율이 현저하게 증가하였으나, Cl함량은 감소하였다. 이상의 결과에서 NaCl의 스트레스를 받은 작물에 Ca(NO3)2및 Cac12을 처리함으로써 생육이 촉진되고 수량이 증가되나 대조구보다는 저조함을 알 수 있었다.