Seokgatap and Dabotap are representing the tower patterns in 「Gyeonbotappum」of the Lotus Sutra. It is very peculiar, for the description on 「Gyeonbotappum」is usually made in terms of 'the two Buddhas sitting side by side'. If 'the two Buddhas sitting side by side' is describing the situation in Dabotap, the double structure of Seokgatap and Dabotap can be said to symbolize the scriptural description in a different viewpoint. Its correct comprehension is pretty important in understanding Bulguksa. For this, this paper first arranged the critical minds and flows about the faith objects in Indian Buddhism. And, it was considered how these aspects were accumulated through Saddharma-puṇḍarīka sūtra. Secondly, it was considered why 「Gyeonbotappu m」took the typical symbolism in Saddharma-puṇḍarīka sūtra(Lotus Sutra). These parts should be necessarily considered in advance in that Seokgatap and Dabotap were derived from the form of 「Gyeonbotappum」. Based on this approach, the author checked the actual aspects of Seokgatap that the tower was built on a natural rock ground and the stones surrounding the tower are constituting the 8-directional Lotus site. With these two aspects, we could get the clue on the foundation time of Bulguksa that its founder had intended. In that Dabotap was formed on the basis of 「Gyeonbotappum」, the features of Dabotap is very important in comprehending its foundation viewpoint. As a result, the viewpoint of double towers in Bulguksa can be said to be the one that the world of suffering was to change to the Pure Land after Sakyamuni preached the Lotus Sutra on the top of Mt. Gṛdhrakūṭa and Prabhūtaratna-tathāgata proved it. This foundation viewpoint shows us clearly that 'the Lotus Buddhist Country' existed in parallel to the Avatamska Buddhist Country. It secures an appropriate meaning in that it can complement or adjust our understanding on the 'Buddhist country (Bulguk)' of Bulguksa where the Avatamska Idea is emphasized relatively highly as shown in the whole title of Bulguksa as 'Avatamska Bulguksa.'

This study aims to know the trace of Korean musical, consider musical depending on its type, arrange characteristic of musical costume and find out the developmental direction of Korean musical costume with potentials as a culture industry. For study method, the data were collected from thesis, academic journal, book and internet web-site concerning musical costume, literatures were considered and performance costume photos, which were captured via musical performance site, were analyzed. The history of Korean modern-day musical is regarded as starting with 〈Saljjagi Opseoye〉(1966) in the full scale. Although foreign musical was imitated in 1970s～1980s, it may be called the growth period of Korean musical because the period showed the commercial possibility. Since 1990s, large-scaled musical securing good work and popularity was popular. In 2000s, musical industry was abundant quantitatively and qualitatively as investment or popularity was significantly expanded. The type of Korean musical are divided to opera musical of European, Broadway musical of American and creative musical of Korean. The costumes used in opera musical of European and Broadway musical of American are borrowed from original works through license or were manufactured in Korea by referring to the costumes of original works and using similar materials or fabrics. The costumes used in creative musical of Korea are designed by either domestic or foreign designers and produced in Korea.

현재 재배되고 있는 장미 재배종은 오랜 기간 동안 종간교잡과 종내교잡을 통해 선발되어 온 것으로서 대 부분이 이형잡종의 게놈으로 구성되어 있어 발아율이 저조한 편이다. 따라서, 효율적인 교배를 위해서는 화 분의 활력 검정이 선행되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 염색액과 발아배지를 이용하여 7품종의 화분 임성율과 발아율 검정하고 이들 결과를 토대로 화분의 크기, 배수 성 및 교배조합과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 화분 임성율은 ‘스칼렛미미’가 82%로 가장 높았으며 ‘피노키오’가 39%로 가장 낮았다. 발아율 관찰 결과 ‘스칼렛미미’가 41%로 가장 높았으며 ‘미니로사’가 1%로 가장 낮았다. 화분의 크기를 관찰한 결과 화분은 큰 화분 과 작은 화분으로 구분되었으며 화분의 직경은 각각 41.3- 45.4 μm과 30.7-37.4 μm로 관찰되었으며 화분의 크기는 10-40% 정도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 화분의 크기 와 염색체 전체 길이의 합을 비교한 결과 염색체 크기와 화분의 크기는 정의 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 교배조합 검정 결과 착과율과 발아율은 화분 발아율, 임성률 및 배수성과 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다.

In that the Buddhism is the religion founded by Buddha, the settlement of Buddha's existence is very important in the temple building arrangement which symbolizes the Buddha's world. What symbolizes the Buddha in the temple are the pagoda and the Buddhist image. Among them, the Buddhist image is directly connected with the Golden Hall. This kind of double structure is settled as a typical pattern for the arrangement of buildings such as halls and pagodas. The earlier one between the pagoda and Buddhist image is the pagoda, of course. It can be inferred that, through the gradual expansion of the Buddhist images, the gravity was transferred from the pagoda to the Golden Hall. But, if the Buddhist image can be connected with the Golden Hall in that it was the product reflecting the requests on the Buddha and his teaching, the internal origin of the Buddhist image should also go back to the early Buddhism. In fact, the gravest building in Veṇuvana - vihāra or Jetavana - anāehapiṇḍasyārāṃa was the Golden Hall, the Buddha's residence. And in the summit of Gṛdhrakūṭa or Jetavana - anāehapiṇḍasyārāṃa where Buddha stayed long, there is the gandha - kuṭī the Buddha's place till now. It means that the symbolic request on the Buddha and his teaching had existed even before the Buddhist image and that this tendency could be connected with the generation of Buddhist image. This paper is to show that the hall / pagoda structure generalized in the building arrangement of later age was originated not just from the Buddhist image and the sarira pagoda but from the gandha - kuṭī and the hair pagoda, and therefore the two should coexist inevitably. It is an attempt to develop a little more in the ideological perspective the general theory that the pagoda and the Buddhist image were fused into one precinct of temple later in their respective origins. That is, it tries to recognize the relation of pagoda and hall not as the conflicting one but as the complementary one.

Unknowingly, the relationship between IT departments and their internal customers becomes that of client-supplier based on the mechanisms of marketing and competition. In addition, due to enhanced focus on the customer in the planning, development, and delivery of information service, IT service management(ITSM) has become increasingly important. These days IT management is focusing particularly on the 'de-facto' standard ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library) for implementing ITSM. It is linked as a part of CobiT’s 'deliver and support' domain, which is a framework of IT governance, and ISO/IEC 20000 is a unique international certification standards on the ITSM. This paper proposes the strategy and procedure for ITSM implementation based on ITIL with consideration of IT governance structure for manufacturing industries. It also presents a case study to share the lessons learned and results of an ITSM project.

Since it's first adaptation in Germany in 1884, the industrial accident compensation insurance system has been on the most widely used social security systems, and in was first enforced in Korea in 1964. Today's society has been industrialized and number of business places for workers accident. As the welfare of workers improves in korea, the number of beneficiaries of industrial accident compensation insurance is increasing. Even though such trend is desirable in many respects, there is a growing social problem caused by abnormal insurance claims.

Basic creep in concrete at an early age plays an important role in the mechancal properties of young concrete and many researches on this field have been carried out. According to recent some studies, however, it is the conclusion that for some cases the basic creep measured from the sealed concrete specimen shows inaccurate results. More specifically, for high-strength concrete (HSC), the incorrectness is more apparent due to autogenous shrinkage occurred at an early age. This paper shows the results obtained from experimental study to evaluate the effect of autogenous shrinkage on basic creep. In this study, four different mixture proportions of which primany test variable is water-cement ratio (w/c) were placed and autogenous shrinkage and basic creep tests on the specimen were performed with age and various loading levels. From this research, it was found that the differences between apparent creep and real creep were remarkable in HSC at an early age. Therefore, it is recommended to modify existing basic creep model equation by considering autogenous shrinkage.

인터넷의 등장은 21세기의 서막을 알리는 신호탄이면서, 현재 우리사회에 가장 영향력 있는 매체로 작용하고 있다. 인터넷은 자유로운 의사소통과 여론형성은 물론 UCC, 인터넷 뱅킹, 쇼핑, 전자상거래 등에 이르기까지 사회문화 및 산업발전에 긍정적인 평가를 받은 반면, 개인정보 유출, 악플, 명예훼손, 스토킹, 성폭력 등과 같이 부정적인 영향을 주기도 하였다. 이러한 부정적인 역기능은 나아가 범죄로 나아갈 수 있는 파급효과가 크기 때문에 이에 대한 우려가 있는 것도 사실이다. 이러한 부정적인 역기능을 우리는 종종 사이버 폭력이라는 용어로 사용하기도 한다.사이버 폭력과 관련하여 형법 및 특별법상의 유형과 법적 규제를 살펴 본 결과 사이버상의 동일․유사행위에 대하여 각각 법률에서 중복하여 규정하고 있는 등 해당 조항의 구성요건에 다소 차이는 있으나 거의 동일한 행위에 대하여 각각 형량을 달리하고 있다. 또한 사이버 성폭력과 사이버 스토킹행위는 서로 유사한 행위유형이 부분 존재하며 서로의 행위태양이 서로 얽혀있거나 같이 행해지고 있는 경우가 대부분이며, 명예훼손죄와 모욕죄 역시 하나의 행위유형만이 나타나는 것이 아니라 명예훼손행위와 모욕행위가 동시에 경합하여 수반되는 경우가 대부분인 경우가 많을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 어느 법을 적용할지 어느 구성요건으로 적용할지, 여러 행위유형 중 어느 행위로 처벌해야 하는지 명확한 해당 법규를 찾기란 쉽지 않을 것으로 보이며, 어느 행위에 불법성을 높게 보아 처벌을 해야 하는지도 쉽지 않을 것으로 보인다.오프라인과 마찬가지로 온라인상에도 사람들이 공존하며 서로 의사를 교환하며 자아를 실현하기도 한다. 그리고 이러한 가상세계속에서도 불법행위들은 존재하기 마련이다. 그러나 사이버상의 특징을 담보로 모든 행위들을 범죄화하는 것은 형법상 보충성의 원칙에 위배될 수 있고 처벌만능주의로 지향될 우려도 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 사이버상의 특수한 공간을 이유로 특별법의 제정을 제안하며 가중처벌을 고집한다면 형사범으로 처벌할 정도의 비난할 정도가 되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 법정형을 높이고 행위유형을 세분화하여 처벌하기 보다는 범죄예방효과를 높이기 위해서는 입법은 관대하고 법집행은 엄격하게 해야하며 형법상의 해결은 맨 마지막으로 고려를 해야 한다.

Online items have real business relations in various ways though Game Industry Promotion Act prohibits having business relations in online items. Thus, the theories of bringing it into the open and of imposing legal controls on it are being studied with a lot of legal and social problems. The national tax authorities are pursuing a plan to normalize taxation on internet item intermediary market and transaction income. There was an article that a foreign authority imposed tax on them. The authority concerned discloses that the purpose of <Game Industry Promotion Act>is to establish promotion of the game industry and healthy game culture of the people. Article 14 of the same act discloses that the purpose of the same act is to prevent and relieve game users’damage. However, it is necessary to have a tax-law discussion with discussion on bringing it to the open since a lot of game users may drift into an illegal danger.