In this study, an evaluation system that can be used to evaluate the feasibility of developing and supplying hydrothermal energy for the operation of large-scale complex facilities was developed. To this end, this study derived factors to be considered when selecting a location for the use of hydrothermal energy using raw water from multi-purpose dams and regional water supply systems through literature survey and expert interviews. The evaluation indicators derived from this study are divided into four sectors: hydrothermal energy utilization factors, location factors, planning factors, and disaster safety factors, and are composed of 10 mid-level indicators and 34 detailed planning indicators. The relative importance of all factors was derived using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, and the developed evaluation indicators and relative importance were applied to four multi-purpose dam regions in the country. As a result, it was found that in the development and use of hydrothermal energy utilizing regional raw water supply line the urban planning conditions of the supply site can have a greater impact on the location selection results than the hydrothermal energy development itself. Due to the characteristics of the evaluation indicators developed in this study and their nature as comprehensive indicators, it is believed that the results should be applied to determine the overall adequacy of site selection in the early stages of hydrothermal energy development. In the future, it is believed that it will be necessary to analyze the problems in supplying and operating hydrothermal energy using raw water from multi-purpose dams and regional water resources. Based on the analysis the evaluation system developed in this study is expected to be improved and supplemented.

Engineering design involves making numerous decisions as the design process. These decisions can be broadly categorized into selection decisions and compromise decisions. The outcomes of these decisions heavily depend on the designer's intentions, highlighting the need to systematically and accurately incorporate the designer's intentions. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a design technique that systematically reflects the designer's intentions by hierarchically analyzing and evaluating ambiguous decision problems. Therefore, in this study, effective optimal structure designs that maximally reflect the designer's intentions were confirmed by introducing AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Neural Network into the foundational decision-making process of engineering design.

본 연구는 공원별 유치거리를 기준으로 보행자가 도달할 수 있는 거리에 따른 서비스 면적 값을 통하여 공원별 접근성 분석을 하고자 한다. 공원별 서비스 면적 값의 도출을 위하여 첫째, 연령 계층의 분류와 보행속도 평균값을 도출하였다. 둘째, 전주시 도보 네트워크를 구축하였다. 셋째, 구축된 도보 네트워 크에 보행 저항요인 중 경사도와 보행 저항성 식을 입력하여 저항요인을 포함한 도보 네트워크를 구축 하였다. 위 데이터들을 기반으로 네트워크 분석을 통해 연령 계층별 속도를 고려한 서비스 면적, 보행 저항요인을 고려한 서비스 면적을 도출하였다. 형성된 서비스 면적간의 뚜렷한 값의 차이를 보여주기 위해 법정 유치거리에 의한 서비스 면적을 기준으로 비율로 수치화하여 비교하였다. 분석결과 보행 저항요인이 고려되지 않은 네트워크에서 청․장년층의 경우 유치거리에 의한 서비스 면적보다 최소 –4.1%, 최대 –53.4%의 감소율을 나타낸다. 고령층의 경우 보행 저항요인이 고려되지 않은 네트워크에 서 최소 –23.9%, 최대 –69.4%라는 큰 격차의 서비스 면적 감소율이 분석되었다. 또한 청·장년층과 고령 층 모두 저항요인이 고려된 네트워크에서 나타나는 서비스 면적은 저항요인을 고려하지 않았을 때 보 다 약 2~3%의 면적이 감소함을 보였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 기존의 설정된 법정 유치거리는 연령 계층, 보행 저항요인 등 다양한 변수를 고려하지 않은 직선거리만의 평균값이며, 기존의 제도적 장치 를 지속해서 사용한다면 서비스 면적의 감소율은 연령 계층과 시간의 흐름에 따라 증가 할 것이다. 본 연구는 기존 산정된 법정 유치거리를 기준으로 연령계층과 보행 저항요인의 고려를 통해 유지되어 왔 던 제도적 장치가 변화가 필요하다는 점을 시각화하고 수치화 하는데 의의가 있다.

In this paper, a study was conducted on the analysis of communication circuit faults using oscilloscope waveform analysis. Circuit resistance was calculated based on voltage and operating current values using a simple equation, and it was confirmed that the increase in resistance of the communication circuit could be analyzed by analyzing the voltage level during transmitter operation. By combining information of the controller ID, the location of the fault was identified and it was concluded that the location of the fault can be quickly found by analyzing the oscilloscope waveform and the controller ID information. Additionally, the value of communication line contact resistance can be calculated using a simple equation, and the location of the fault can be found by analyzing the communication voltage level and ID information.

국제해사기구(IMO)에서 선박으로부터 배출되는 온실가스 등 대기오염물질을 감축하기 위해 해운분야 환경규제를 강화하고 있 어 전 세계적으로 조선․해운산업의 패러다임이 친환경․고효율 선박으로 전환되고 있다. 우리나라도 친환경선박을 보급하기 위해 2020 년부터 친환경선박 보급 확대 정책을 추진하고 있다. 본 논문은 우리정부의 친환경선박 보급정책에 대하여 전문가 12명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하고, 계층분석법(AHP)을 활용하여 정책의 중요도를 평가하였다. 분석결과, 6개 중점추진과제 중에서 무탄소 및 저탄소 선박 개발을 위한 “미래 친환경선박 세계 선도 기술확보” 정책이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. AHP 분석을 통한 친환경선박 정책의 중요도를 분석한 본 연구는 국제해양환경규제에 선제적으로 대응하고, 우리 해운 및 조선 산업의 보호와 신산업 육성 측면에서 예산 배분 및 정책 개발 등 정책 집행의 효율성을 제고할 수 있는 방향 설정을 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality attributes and importance that affects their satisfaction with respect to lunchboxes amongst children from low-income families in Korea. In case of 1-3rd-grade elementary school, 57.1% received lunch box through the community child center, while 45.2%, 68.5% and 80.7% of 4-6th-elementary school, middle school, and high school students received the lunch box from home, respectively. Typically, in 40.2% of all grades, the time to eat the meal was within 1~2 hours of delivery, and 34.0% consumed the lunch within 2~6 hours of delivery. With respect to intake of the contents of lunchboxes, 72.0% of the participants answered that they ate 80% of the lunchboxes delivered and 24.9% only ate 50% of the content of lunchboxes. The largest leftover were vegetables (26.9%), and the reason for leaving food was ‘do not like to eat (36.1%)’ followed by ‘no taste (32.6%)’. Regarding improvements in delivery lunchboxes, elementary school students selected ‘taste’, while middle school and high school students selected 'variety of menu'. The ‘nutrition (3.69 point)’ of the lunchboxes was the highest satisfaction and the ‘variety of menu (3.34 point)’ was the lowest. In all grades, ‘nutrition’ and ‘hygiene’ were considered to be important as quality attributes of the delivery lunchboxes, and satisfaction was also high. On the other hand, in the 1-3rd-grade elementary school, ‘variety of menu’ and ‘amount of side dish’ were important but satisfaction was low. The 4-6th-grade elementary school, middle school and high school students stated that ‘taste’and ‘variety of menu’ were important, but satisfaction was low.

디스플레이 기술이 다양한 상품으로 점차 발전함에 따라 소비자가 선호하는 디스플레이 유형을 선택할 수 있는 효과적이고 객관적인 비교 평가 방법이 필요하다. 그러나 객관적이고 주관적인 디스플레이 품질 평가 방법은 디스플레이가 상이한 특성을 가지므로 다양한 디스플레이에서 일반적으로 유사하지 않다. 이에, 본 논문은 상대적으로 특성이 서로 다른 디스플레이의 인지 화질 평가를 위해 분석 네트워크 프로세스 (ANP)를 사용하여 이들 디스플레이의 상대적 화질 을 평가할 수 있는 체계적인 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 평가 방법의 검증은 4 개의 모바일 디스플레이를 사용하여 평가 되었고, 주관적 평가와 제안한 방법의 선호도가 일치함을 보였다.

Various kinds of processes are used in the Public Sewage Treatment Works(PSTWs) in order to achieve water quality criteria and TMDL in the watershed. The performance of the existing processes at PSTWs depends on influent characteristics, effluent quality target, amount of sludge production, power cost and other factors. In present, the Selection Guideline for the Available Treatment Process of PSTWs is used for a process decision in the country. But there are some problems regarding redundancy of assessment factors and complexity of assessment procedure in the guideline. In this study, we did a test application of AHP for process selection of PSTWs, which propose is to simplify assessment factors such as pollutant removal amount, sludge generation, electricity consumption, stability of operation, convenience of maintenance, easiness of existing process application, installation cost, and operating cost concerning of environmental factors, technical factors and economical factors. According to the study, the PSTWs selection procedure guideline can be improved using application of AHP method.

As one of recent issues in the information and communication industry, internet of things has attracted attention to provide intelligent infrastructure services which connect and share data and information between real and virtual world. According to the development of these internet of things technologies, types of machines, telecommunication devices, and terminals are increasing tremendously. In this situation, connectivity and interoperability between internet of things components are important issues to build a hyper connected society. To visualize this society, it is important to set up and develop information and communication technology (ICT) standards among stakeholders. However, under limited budget and human resources, it is essential to rank standardization work items for setting standards with respect to efficiency. The purpose of this study is to provide a method for setting standardization strategies within group decision making. As a multi-criteria group decision making tool, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted and applied to determine the priorities of setting work items. The proposed method first defines decision making problem with objective, criteria, and alternatives which produces a hierarchy consisting of upper and lower criteria. Then, pairwise comparisons of academy and public sector experts are performed with respect to their relative meaning and importance. Individual surveys of expert groups are collected and summarized to determine relative criteria importance measures. Furthermore, to deliver reliable importance criteria measures, differences between academy and public sector expert groups are compared and tested using Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The results are illustrated for useful guidelines to practical group decision making in standardization strategy establishments.

Park Jae-hyun & Kim Han-sham. 2015. “Study on Development of Broadcasting Language Assessment Scales using Analytic Hierarchy Process”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(3). 91~112. Existing discussions about assessment scales of broadcasting language had different assessment items according to the point of view and there were many restrictions to actually use them because no consideration was made to importance of assessment items. This study aims to develop assessment scales with high validity and effectiveness for broadcasting language. For this, logical structure of evaluation category and assessment items of broadcasting language were drawn on the basis of advanced researches on requirements for broadcasting language. With respect to evaluation category and assessment items of broadcasting language, weight rating was conducted on 14 Korean language experts and 14 broadcasting experts using the analytic hierarchy process. As for the evaluation category based on assessment result, relative importance was calculated in the order of fairness(31.5%), publicness(26.15%), accuracy(24.75%), and soundness(17.60%). As for the evaluation items, ranking was determined in the order of ‘Do you use expressions with low dignity?’, ‘Do you use discriminatory expressions?’, ‘Do you use biased expressions?’, and ‘Was incorrect transcription exposed on the subtitles?’ In addition to this, discussion was made about differences in evaluation outcome of Korean language experts and broadcasting experts.

기술 표준은 기술적 특성과 사양에 대한 일종의 사회적 합의로서 기술의 발달 과 함께 모든 산업에 걸쳐 존속되어 왔으며 최근에는 정보통신 기술의 발달과 함께 기술의 상호호환성을 제공하고 시장의 우위를 선점할 수 있는 전략적인 요소로 각광받고 있다. 이에 기술 표준 연구(표준화 연구)는 기술 표준의 채택 과정과 이로 인한 경제적 효과를 분석하여 이론적 및 정책적 함의를 도출하는데 그 의의가 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구에서는 기술 고유 의 가치와 상호호환성에 대한 고려가 부족하다는 점에서 기술 중심의 분석 결과를 도출하는 데 있어 구조적 한계를 드러낸다. 본 연구는 기술 네트워크 분석을 통해 도출한 기술 차별화 정도와 기업별 기술 선호도 함 수를 두 단계 게임 이론 분석 방법에 반영하여 새로운 기술 중심 표준 연구 방법론을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 그 실증 사례로 사물인터넷의 무선 팬 기술을 선정하였으며, 본 연구 방법론을 통해 해당 시장의 기술 구조 및 표준 관련 함의를 도출하였다.

The efficient safety estimation for a business should analyze an accident data by considering every possible and potential factor. Thus, we consider several factors to build the safety estimation model to meet fairness and rationality. This paper present the yearly statistic data of accident from KOSHA analyze the data by industry, scale, year of service of a employee, age and other factors; build the safety estimation model for the business based on the accident report derived the analysis. The estimation model is established by the weights for accident type, degree, scale, industry, year of service, and age of the employee derived from ANP(Analytic Network Process).

This study identifies influential factors for invigorating the public management office (PMO) system for system integration (SI) projects in public sectors and analyzes the priority of each factor from the point of different stakeholders, i.e., owners, SI company, and PMO. Based on the literature review, four first-level influential factors are identified: legal system maintenance, owner’s capability, SI company’s capability, and PMO’s capability. Among them, the PMO’s capability is determined as the most critical factor by all the stakeholders. Among the second-level influential factors, the capabilities of professional engineers and project managers are considered as important among the PMO’s capability, whereas the reasonable consulting fee is considered as the most critical factor among the legal system maintenance. With respect to each stakeholder, project management capability is considered as the most important factor for owners, while the reasonable consulting fee is considered as the most important factor for PMO.

As ICT advances, industries related to digital technology are disrupting the boundaries of corporations and increasingly interested in the industrial ecosystem. The electronic game industry is also continuously growing through convergence among various technologies, content genres and platforms. Accordingly, this study analyzed the hierarchical elements of hybrid game contents from the viewpoint of the ecosystem as well as the importance and influence their components have upon each level. To understand the importance and influence of the components of the ecosystem from the viewpoint of the value chain of hybrid game contents, an Expert Delphi Survey was conducted employing 18 experts from the game industry, academia and R&D institutions. The results of the Expert Delphi Survey were compiled, a hybrid game ecosystem defined for each layer, and a communication system diagram created depicting the relationship between the ecosystem and value chain of the hybrid game contents. Based on the analysis, to invigorate hybrid game contents, a direction for policies was presented for each hierarchy from both the micro and macro perspectives.

As a work analysis technique, Work Domain Analysis (WDA) aims to identify the design knowledge structure of a work domain that human operators interact with through human-system interfaces. Abstraction hierarchy (AH) is a multi-level, hierarchical knowledge representation framework for modeling the functional structure of any kinds of systems. Thus, WDA based on AH aims to identify the functional knowledge structure of a work domain. AH has been used in a range of work domains and problems to model their functional knowledge structure and has proven its generality and usefulness. However, many of researchers and system designers have reported that it is never easy to understand the concepts underlying AH and use it effectively for WDA. This would be because WDA is a form of work analysis that is different from other types of work analysis techniques such as task analysis and AH has several unique characteristics that are differentiated from other types of function analysis techniques used in systems engineering. With this issue in mind, this paper introduces the concepts of WDA based on AH and offers a comprehensive list of references. Next, this paper proposes a set of principles for effectively applying AH for work domain analysis, which are developed based on the author's experiences, consultation with experts, and literature reviews.

목적: 광주광역시의 대학교 근처 A, 아파트 근처 B, 주택 근처 C안경원을 대상으로 계층화 의사결정방법(AHP)에 의한 분석을 바탕으로 안경원 창업에 따른 우선순위와 중요도에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 안경원에 직접 방문하여 안경사와 원장님들을 대상으로 토론하여 안경원 경영 하위 항목의 이원 비교를 위해 상대적인 우선순위와 중요도를 조사하였다. 기술경쟁력, 물리적 편의성, 커뮤니케이션요인, 상품/서비스, 가격적 요인의 우선순위 중요도 분석을 위해 일관성 비율 0.1 미만의 설문지를 분석하였다. 결과: 계층화 의사결정방법(AHP)에 의한 안경원 경영 하위 항목의 우선순위 중요도 결과 대학교 근처 A안경원은 ‘가격적 요인’(0.467), 아파트 근처 B안경원은 ‘물리적 편의성’(0.440), 주택 근처 C안경원은 ‘기술경쟁력’(0.440)로 나타났다. 결론: 대학교 근처 A, 아파트 근처 B, 주택 근처 C안경원을 대상으로 안경원 경영 하위 항목의 우선순위와 중요도를 선정하였다. 우선순위 및 중요도는 AHP에 의하여 평가항목의 관계를 반영하여 측정하였다. 안경원의 창업에 기초적 자료가 되길 기대한다.

공공의 영역에서 공공의 이익과 관련된 정책이나 사안에 대한 사회적 차원의 접근에 있어서‘효율성’과 함께‘형평성’은 반드시 고려해야 할 양대 축이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 공공 R&D 투자사업 중 하나인 농업 R&D 투자에 대한 형평성 측면에서의 평가의 일환으로서, 과연 농업 R&D 투자로 인해 창출된 혜택이 농가의 소득계층 별로 균등하게 분배되고 있는지, 특히 농가의 경영 효율성에 고르게 영향을 미치고 있는지를 확인하기 위한 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과 표면적으로는 공공재원이 투자된 농업 R&D의 혜택은 비교적 고르게 배분되고 있으며, 그 중에서도 하위 30∼40%가 상대적으로 많은 편익을 누리고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 농가마다 이질적인 지식 흡수⋅활용능력을 통제하였을 경우, 그 혜택이 상대적으로 저소득층 농가에 비해 고소득층 농가에 집중되는 경향이 발견되었다. 이는 형평성 차원에서 농업 R&D투자는 매우 역진(逆進)적인‘보조금’으로서 기능을 하고 있음을 의미하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 농업 R&D 투자의 역진성은 농가들이 지닌 기술적‘필요(needs)’의 이질성에 기인한 것일 수도 있음을 확인할 수 있었는데, 전통적인 관행농업 중심의 저소득층 농가들에 비해 지식영농을 지향하는 고소득층 농가들이 농업 R&D의 결과에 대한 수요가 높아 자연스럽게 혜택도 역시 집중된 것으로 보인다.