높은 종횡비와 원자 수준의 얇은 두께를 갖는 다공성 2D 소재는 고성능 분리막 제작에 활용된다. 이를 위해서는 다공성 2D 소재를 다공성 지지체 위에 균일하게 도포할 수 있는 코팅법이 필수이다. 본 연구는 이를 위한 제올라이트 MFI 나노막의 간단하면서도 효과적인 코팅법을 제시한다. 직접합성법으로 합성된 제올라이트 MFI 나노막은 물에 분산되면서 동 시에 표면 활성을 보여, 이 특성을 활용하여 소수성 계면에 흡착시키는 것이 가능하다. 소수성 개질을 다양한 형태의 지지체 에 적용하여, 이들 표면에 고밀도의 나노막 흡착 코팅이 가능함을 보였다. 또한, 이 흡착코팅의 반복 수행을 통해 나노막의 완전피복을 달성하고, 이를 연속적인 MFI 필름 및 멤브레인으로 성장시킬 수 있었다. 이 간단한 코팅법은 제올라이트 나노막 뿐만 아니라, 표면활성을 보이는 다른 2D 소재에도 적용 가능할 것으로 보이며, 2D 소재의 활용도를 제고할 수 있을 것이다.
To fabricate intermetallic nanoparticles with high oxygen reduction reaction activity, a high-temperature heat treatment of 700 to 1,000 °C is required. This heat treatment provides energy sufficient to induce an atomic rearrangement inside the alloy nanoparticles, increasing the mobility of particles, making them structurally unstable and causing a sintering phenomenon where they agglomerate together naturally. These problems cannot be avoided using a typical heat treatment process that only controls the gas atmosphere and temperature. In this study, as a strategy to overcome the limitations of the existing heat treatment process for the fabrication of intermetallic nanoparticles, we propose an interesting approach, to design a catalyst material structure for heat treatment rather than the process itself. In particular, we introduce a technology that first creates an intermetallic compound structure through a primary high-temperature heat treatment using random alloy particles coated with a carbon shell, and then establishes catalytic active sites by etching the carbon shell using a secondary heat treatment process. By using a carbon shell as a template, nanoparticles with an intermetallic structure can be kept very small while effectively controlling the catalytically active area, thereby creating an optimal alloy catalyst structure for fuel cells.
목적 : 본 연구는 항균 기능을 갖춘 안경테의 필요성에 주목하여 고분자 물질인 Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)을 사용하여 은 나노 입자를 합성하고, 금속 안경테 소재에 코팅하여 항균성과 코팅 특성을 평가해 보고자 한다.
방법 : 안정성이 높은 고분자 물질인 PVP를 환원제, 분산제, 안정제로 사용하고 합성 온도를 달리하여 은 나노 입자를 합성하였다. 합성한 시료의 특성은 UV-visible spectrophotometer, SEM, EDS를 사용하여 분석하였으 며 paper disk diffusion method로 항균성을 평가하였다. 합성한 은 나노콜로이드를 금속 안경테 소재인 티타 늄, 스테인리스스틸 기판에 코팅하고 코팅막의 특성과 항균성을 측정하였다. 결과 : PVP를 사용하여 합성한 시료 모두에서 은(Ag)이 검출되어 은 나노 입자의 생성을 확인할 수 있었다. 합성 온도에 따른 은 나노 입자의 크기는 차이를 보였으며 Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus brasiliensis의 경우 45℃에서 합성한 은 나노콜로이드의 항균활성이 가장 크게 나타났다. 이를 금속 안경테 소재 기판에 코팅한 후 항균성을 확인한 결과 코팅막의 항균력을 확인할 수 있었다.
결론 : PVP를 사용하여 합성한 은 나노콜로이드를 금속 안경테 소재 기판에 코팅한 결과 코팅막의 항균성이 확인되어 항균 기능을 가진 안경테 제작 시 항균 물질로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.
Here, we report the development of a new and low-cost core-shell structure for lithium-ion battery anodes using silicon waste sludge and the Ti-ion complex. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the raw waste silicon sludge powder to be pure silicon without other metal impurities and the particle size distribution is measured to be from 200 nm to 3 μm by dynamic light scattering (DLS). As a result of pulverization by a planetary mill, the size of the single crystal according to the Scherrer formula is calculated to be 12.1 nm, but the average particle size of the agglomerate is measured to be 123.6 nm. A Si/TiO2 core-shell structure is formed using simple Ti complex ions, and the ratio of TiO2 peaks increased with an increase in the amount of Ti ions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed that TiO2 coating on Si nanoparticles results in a Si-TiO2 core-shell structure. This result is expected to improve the stability and cycle of lithium-ion batteries as anodes.
In this research, carbon nanotubes(CNT) and graphene nanoplates(GnP) are deposited on the surface of carbon fibers(CF) at once. Investigating the effect between CNT and GnP on increasing the interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites(CFRP). The cross section of the CFRP composites indicates that the GnPs/CNTs hybrid coating exhibits significantly higher mechanical performance in all coating samples. The interlayer shear strength of the GnPs/CNT hybrid coated CFRP composite was 90% higher than that of the uncoated CF composite. The flexural and tensile strength of CFRP composites using GnPs /CNT hybrid coatings were improved by 52% and 70%, respectively, compared to uncoated CF.
In this study, partially dry transfer is investigated to solve the problem of fully dry transfer. Partially dry transfer is a method in which multiple layers of graphene are dry-transferred over a wet-transferred graphene layer. At a wavelength of 550 nm, the transmittance of the partially dry-transferred graphene is seen to be about 3% higher for each layer than that of the fully dry-transferred graphene. Furthermore, the sheet resistance of the partially drytransferred graphene is relatively lower than that of the fully dry-transferred graphene, with the minimum sheet resistance being 179 Ω/sq. In addition, the fully dry-transferred graphene is easily damaged during the solution process, so that the performance of the organic photovoltaics (OPV) does not occur. In contrast, the best efficiency achievable for OPV using the partially dry-transferred graphene is 2.37% for 4 layers.
정공 수송 층 (HTL)은 PSC의 효율 및 안정성을 증가시키기 위해 페로브스카이트 태양 전지 (PSC)에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서, 우리는 PSCs에서 HTL 스핀 코팅 및 블레이드 코팅 방법으로 니켈 산화물 구리 산화물 (NiO-CuO) 나노 입자 (NPs) 박막을 준비하였다. 스핀 코팅 및 블레이드 코팅 된 NiO-CuO 필름의 필름 특성은 원자력 현미경 (AFM)을 사용하여 조사하었고, 장치 성능에 대한 효과는 J-V 특성, 양자 효율 및 광 강도의 Voc 의존성을 사용하여 조사하었다. 결과적으로, 스핀 코팅으로 15.28 % 효율, 블레이드 코팅으로 11.18 % 효율을 달성하였다.
친수성 및 소수성 나노실리카를 tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)를 커플링제로 사용하여 유리 표면에 거친 스파이크 구조 형성과 반응성 hydroxyl기를 동시에 도입한 후 불소를 함유한 실란으로 2차 코팅처리하여 궁극적으로 발수성 유리 표면 형성의 최적 조건을 확립하는 연구를 수행하였다. 소수 성 나노실리카인 실리카 에어로졸을 이용한 초소수 도막의 형성은 나노실리카 표면에 반응성인 -OH기가 존재하지 않아 내구성이 있는 소수성 도막을 형성할 수 없었다. 이에 반하여 친수성기를 가진 나노 실리카와 가수분해된 TEOS를 포함하는 코팅액 이용하여 유리 표면을 1차 코팅한 후 2차로 trichloro-(1H,1H,2H,2H)perfluorooctylsilane(TPFOS) 용액으로 코팅하여 150o 이상의 수접촉각을 가지는 초소수 표면을 제조하였으며, 1o 이하의 물 슬라이딩각을 보여 초발수성도 동시에 가지고 있었다. 이에 덧붙여 친수성 나노실리카의 함량이 증가할수록 광투과도가 감소하였으며, TPFOS 용액에 의해서도 광투과도가 감소하였다. 코팅된 유리시편의 내구성 50회 문지름까지는 초소수성을 유지하였으나, 200회 문지름에서는 단지 소수성만을 유지하였다. 결론적으로 최적의 코팅액의 조건은 친수성 나노실리카의 함량이 0.3 g인 HP3 코팅액을 2회 코팅한 후 2차로 TPFOS 용액으로 코팅하는 것이었다. 이렇게 제조된 코팅액은 광투과도가 중요한 솔라셀의 표면 처리제로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.
This study investigates Ag coated Cu2O nanoparticles that are produced with a changing molar ratio of Ag and Cu2O. The results of XRD analysis reveal that each nanoparticle has a diffraction pattern peculiar to Ag and Cu2O determination, and SEM image analysis confirms that Ag is partially coated on the surface of Cu2O nanoparticles. The conductive paste with Ag coated Cu2O nanoparticles approaches the specific resistance of 6.4 Ω·cm for silver paste(SP) as (Ag) /(Cu2O) the molar ratio increases. The paste(containing 70 % content and average a 100 nm particle size for the silver nanoparticles) for commercial use for mounting with a fine line width of 100 μm or less has a surface resistance of 5 to 20 μΩ·cm, while in this research an Ag coated Cu2O paste has a larger surface resistance, which is disadvantageous. Its performance deteriorates as a material required for application of a fine line width electrode for a touch panel. A touch panel module that utilizes a nano imprinting technique of 10 μm or less is expected to be used as an electrode material for electric and electronic parts where large precision(mounting with fine line width) is not required.
During a long-term operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs), the fuel cell performance may degrade due to severe agglomeration and dissolution of metal nanoparticles in the cathode. To enhance the electrochemical durability of metal catalysts and to prevent the particle agglomeration in PEMFC operation, this paper proposes a hybrid catalyst structure composed of PtCo alloy nanoparticles encapsulated by porous carbon layers. In the hybrid catalyst structure, the dissolution and migration of PtCo nanoparticles can be effectively prevented by protective carbon shells. In addition, O2 can properly penetrate the porous carbon layers and react on the active Pt surface, which ensures high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Although the hybrid catalyst has a much smaller active surface area due to the carbon encapsulation compared to a commercial Pt catalyst without a carbon layer, it has a much higher specific activity and significantly improved durability than the Pt catalyst. Therefore, it is expected that the designed hybrid catalyst concept will provide an interesting strategy for development of high-performance fuel cell catalysts.
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) are widely used as active agents for electrodes in Li-ion secondary battery cells, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Nanoscale coatings on CNF electrodes can increase the output and lifespan of battery devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) can control the coating thickness at the nanoscale regardless of the shape, suitable for coating CNFs. However, because the CNF surface comprises stable C–C bonds, initiating homogeneous nuclear formation is difficult because of the lack of initial nucleation sites. This study introduces uniform nucleation site formation on CNF surfaces to promote a uniform SnO2 layer. We pretreat the CNF surface by introducing H2O or Al2O3 (trimethylaluminum + H2O) before the SnO2 ALD process to form active sites on the CNF surface. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy both identify the SnO2 layer morphology on the CNF. The Al2O3-pretreated sample shows a uniform SnO2 layer, while island-type SnOx layers grow sparsely on the H2Opretreated or untreated CNF.
When the heat flux on the heating surface following changing heat condition in the boiling heat transfer system exceeds critical heat flux, the critical heat flux phenomenon is going over to immediately the film boiling area and then it is occurred the physical destruction phenomenon of various heat transfer systems. In order to maximize the safe operation and performance of the heat transfer system, it is essential to improve the CHF(Critical Heat Flux) of the system. Therefore, we have analysis the effect of improving CHF and characteristics of heat transfer following the nanoparticle coating thickness. As the results, copper nanocoating time are increased to CHF, and in case of nano-coatings are increased spray-deposited coating times more than in the fure water; copper nanopowder is increased up to 6.40%. The boiling heat transfer coefficients of the pure water are increased up to 5.79% respectively. Also, the contact angle is decreased and surface roughness is increased when nano-coating time is increasingly going up.
Nanosized Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphor is prepared using a template method from metal salt impregnated into a crystalline cellulose and is dispersed using a bead mill wet process. The driving force of the surface coating between Gd2O3:Eu3+ and mica is induced by the Coulomb force. The red phosphor nanosol is effectively coated on mica flakes by the electrostatic interaction between positively charged Gd2O3:Eu3+ and negatively charged mica above pH 6. To prepare Gd2O3:Eu3+-coated mica (Gd2O3:Eu/mica), the coating conditions are optimized, including the stirring temperature, pH, calcination temperature, and coating amount (wt%) of Gd2O3:Eu3+. In spite of the low luminescence of the Gd2O3:Eu/mica, the luminescent property is recovered after calcination above 600℃ and is enhanced by increasing the Gd2O3:Eu3+ coating amount. The Gd2O3:Eu/mica is characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential measurements, and fluorescence spectrometer analysis.
Thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have drawn keen attention to overcome the limitations in polymeric desalination membranes. However, preparation of TFN-RO membranes using conventional protocol involves problems such as a waste of expensive nanomaterials and inaccurate control of loading amount. In this work, we suggest a new protocol of TFN-RO membranes through pre-adsorption of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the support layer using spray coating. SEM images of spray coated supports showed well-dispersed adsorption of CNTs compared with those using conventional method. RO performances of TFN membranes using spray coating were comparable to conventionally prepared membranes. Thus, this new protocol is useful to prepare TFN membranes in terms of cost-efficiency.
최근 먹는물 수질 기준 강화에 따라 정수처리시설에 고분자 나노여과(Nanofilatration, NF)막이 도입되고 있으나, 화학 세정으로 인한 막의 주기적인 교체가 불가피하다. 반면, 세라믹 막은 강한 물리/화학적 내구성을 지니고 있으나, NF막 제조 기술의 한계로 상용화되지 못하고 있다. 연구에서는 알루미나-지르코니아 나노물질을 여과코팅 방법으로 세라믹 막의 평균 공극 크기를 감소시켰고, SEM-EDX, 분획분자량, 자연유기물, 염(CaCl2) 제거를 통해 막의 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 제조된 막은 분획분자량이 400 Da.이고, Suwannee river 자연유기물과 염의 제거율이 각각 92%와 58%였다. 이취미 물질인 지오스민 제거평가 결과, 실험조건에서 65%의 지오스민이 제거됨을 확인하였다.