이 연구는 농촌개발에서 휴양이나 관광, 지역개발, 역량교육 등에 있어 참여하고 중심적 역할을 담당하 는 지역리더를 대상으로 리더역량이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에서 소명의식의 매개효과를 분석하였 다. 조사지역과 대상은 전북특별자치도의 I군에서 농촌지역개발사업에 참여, 추진하고 있는 지역리더 를 대상으로 리더역량, 조직몰입, 소명의식에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 2023년 11월 8일부터 11월 22일까지 진행되었다. 그리고 설문분석은 총 180부 중 173부를 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫 째, 지역리더는 60세 이상이 많았고 학력은 고학력이었으며, 지역내 거주기간은 21년 이상이 61.6%이 었다. 그리고 지역애착의 정도는 66.5%로 높았고 활동지역은 읍/면이 많았다. 둘째, 소명의식은 리더역 량과 조직몰입의 관계에서 부분매개의 역할을 하였다. 분석결과의 주요 시사점은 리더역량은 지역개 발사업의 성공이나 활성화 요인으로 작용하므로 새로운 가치의 창출과 지역주민의 참여를 적극적으 로 유도하는 리더의 변화가 필요하다. 또한 역량강화를 위해서 참여와 토론의 교육, 주민의 자치 향상, 지역 미래의 결정력 향상을 위해 노력해야 한다. 그리고 구성원의 참여와 협조가 중요하므로 지역리더 의 발굴과 인적자원의 육성, 지역내 거버넌스를 구축해 나가야 할 것이다.

1. 본 연구의 목적은 한국 공여기관이 수행한 ODA 사업을 대상으로 수원국 주민에 의한 정량적 평가방법이 사후평가에 적용가능한지를 탐구함. 2. PLS-SEM 모형을 통해 OECD/DAC 5대 기준별 점수를 산출하였으며 추가로 ODA 성과가 주민 만족도와 공여국 이미지에 미치는 영향관계를 분석함. 3. 주민은 OECD/DAC 5대 기준 중 영향력에 대해 가장 낮은 점수를 부여하였으며 ODA 성과가 높을수록 주민 만족도와 공여국 이미지는 높아지는 것으로 나타남. 4. 본 연구를 통해 ODA 사업 사후평가에 주민참여형 정량적 평가의 적용가능성을 확인하였으며 본 평가방법은 공여국 전문가 주도의 평가방식을 보완하는 목적으로 그 유용성이 클 것으로 기대함.

Although it has been well known that the Saemaul Undong had a direct relation with the water resources development during 1970’s, its contribution to the water resources and increased income in rural communities has not been thoroughly quantified so far. In order to assess the contribution of the Saemaul Undong in terms of rural water resources development, we investigated various historical data produced by the central and local governments in relation to water resources development. The results show the direct and indirect contribution of the Saemaul Undong to the water resources development in rural communities such as sewage works, water supply facilities, shared wells, and river works. The results also showed a positive relation between per-house income in rural communities and areas of irrigated paddies, which were rapidly increased during 1970’s. These results can be utilized to transplant the positive aspect of the Saemaul Undong to developing countries focusing on water resources development in rural areas.

최근 ‘새마을운동’이라는 이름으로 동시다발적으로 진행되는 농촌개발사업의 양적인 증가는 사전조사 목적으로 수행되는 수혜국가 지역의 농업환경을 자세히 분석하는 것에 소홀해질 가능성이 있다. 현시점에서 체계적인 지역농업환경 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구는 네팔 극서부지역의 농업담당 공무원 7명을 대상으로 반구조화된 설문을 이용하여 SWOT 요인을 도출하여 분석하였다. SWOT 분석 결과를 토대로 다음과 같이 3가지 농촌개발전략을 제안하였다. 첫째, 효율적 농촌개발을 위해 농민조직의 구성이다. 이를 위해 자본 ·기술· 인적자원의 지원과 농민 스스로 의사결정을 할 수 있는 능력을 키워줄 수 있는 교육이 필요하다. 또한, 지역에서 활동하는 기존의 농업 관련 NGO에 대한 지원도 고려할 수 있다. 둘째, 연구지역은 농산물 뿐만 아니라 농업자재를 인도와 중국으로부터의 수입에 의존하고 있어 농업 생산성 증대를 통한 해외의존도를 낮추는 전략이 필요하다. 전기를 생산할 수 있는 복합관개수리 건설, 고지대 지역의 용수공급을 위해 태양에너지를 이용한 양수시스템 보급, 저수지 건설과 같은 농업 인프라 구축, 현대농업기술 및 우량종자의 보급, 농업연구시설의 지원, 농업용지 확대를 위한 개간 및 농지 비옥화 작업등이 시행 가능할 것이다. 셋째, 지역에 생산되는 허브나 soap-nut과 같은 식물자원을 가공품으로 생산할 수 있는 기술보급과 가공품 판매에 의한 부가가치 창출 및 양봉과 같은 농외소득을 통해 농가소득 증대전략이다. 본 연구는 질적연구방법의 하나인 SWOT 분석하였다. 질적연구방법의 단점으로 지적되는 연구 결과의 일반화는 어렵지만, 양적 자료가 없는 상태에서 연구접근방법은 적절하다고 생각된다. 네팔 극서부지역의 농업담당자로 7명의 연구 참여자는 대표성을 갖기에 충분하지만, 추가로 비정부기구(NGO)와 국제기구 농업담당자로 확대할 필요성이 있다. SWOT 분석이 가지고 있는 우선순위를 결정하기 어려운 단점을 보완하기 위해 계층분석과정 (Analytical Hierarchy Process)와 같은 양적연구 도구를 함께 활용하지 못한 점이 아쉬움으로 남는다. 하지만 해외에서 진행되는 농촌개발분야에 SWOT 분석의 활용과 연구지역의 농업 상황과 농촌개발전략을 제안한 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾는다.

국제적으로 최빈국의 하나인 라오스는 1986년에 시장경제체제의 도입을 골자로 하는 신경제제도를 도입하고, 2003년에는 국가성장 및 빈곤퇴치전략(NGPES)을 채택하는 등 빈곤삭감을 목표로 하는 개발정책을 추진해 오고 있다. 그 결과 도시지역 빈곤층의 생활수준은 크게 개선되었고, 빈곤자비율도낮아지고 있지만, 도로, 관개시설, 전력 등의 사회간접자본의정비가 미흡한 농촌지역에서는 빈곤문제가 여전히 개선되고있지 않다. 선진국과 국제기구 등의 개발원조가 크게 증가하고 있다고는 하지만 농촌지역보다는 도시지역에 대한 지원이집중되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 라오스의 빈곤문제는 도시보다는 농촌지역이, 평지보다는 고지대에서, 그리고 다수민족보다는 소수민족이 더욱 심각한 상황에 처해 있다고 할 수 있다. 도시지역과 농촌지역의 개발격차는 양 지역의 소득불균형을확대시키고 있다. 관개용수의 이용이 제한적인 농촌지역에서는 건기의 농작물 생산이 급격하게 감소되며, 우기에 생산된 농산물을 자가소비용으로 이용하는 경우가 많아 농산물 가격이 상승하는 건기에도 시장에 판매할 농산물은 부족한 상황이다. 도시지역의 시장에 접근할 수 있는 도로가 없는 지역에서는 농업생산 확대에 대한 의욕이 매우 낮으며, 농산물의 공급량이 감소하는 건기에도 농업생산을 포기하는 농가도 많다. 라오스는 최근의 인구증가에 따라 주변국으로부터의 농산물수입이 급격하게 증가하고 있으며, 해마다 무역수지는 적자를 기록하고 있다.18) 하지만 라오스의 풍요로운 자연조건을 감안한다면 농업생산을 확대할 수 있는 여지는 크게 남아 있으며,충분히 식량자급을 이룰 수 있다는 것을 본문의 분석에서도알 수 있다. 농촌지역의 농업생산성 제고와 생산의 확대를 위해서는 무엇보다 관개시설의 정비 및 도시지역과 연결할 수있는 도로의 건설이 중요할 것이다. 사회간접자본 정비가 미흡한 농촌지역에 대한 개발원조나 공공투자의 확대는 이 지역에 대한 시장원리의 침투를 가속화시켜, 농업생산의 확대를 통한 빈곤퇴치에 기여할 것이다. 인구의 68.0%가 농촌지역에서자급자족에 가까운 농업을 영위하고 있으며, GDP의 32.5%가농업부문에서 생산되고 있다는 점을 고려한다면 농촌지역의우선적 개발은 매우 중요하다. 또한 라오스 정부가 목표로 하고 있는 밀레니엄개발목표의 달성에도 농촌지역을 우선한 개발정책은 효과적인 방안이 될 것이다.

본 연구는 농촌지역 발전 및 주민의 삶의 질 향상을 위해 추진된 정부의 다양한 정책 및 사업의 성과를 분석하기 위해 현재 추진 중에 있는 농촌지역개발사업 중 대표성이 있다고 판단되는 농촌마을종합개발사업을 분석대상 사업으로 선정하였다. 분석을 위해 경남 2개 권역과 전남 2개 권역을 사례연구대상권역으로 선정하였다. 사업에 대한 만족도 분석결과, 전체적으로 사업추진에 있어서 각 지역유형별로 명확한 구분을 통해 만족도를 분석하는 것은 상당한 어려움이 있으나, 전반적으로 지역특성별(농촌지역, 중산간지역)로 주민들의 사업에 대한 이해 및 추진과정에서의 만족도 등은 다소 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 전반적으로 농촌지역 2개 권역 주민들이 중산간지역 2개 권역 주민들에 비해 상대적으로 사업 추진 전반에 대해 부정적인 의견을 많이 표출하였다. 향후 원활한 사업추진을 위해서는 주민들의 사업에 대한 이해, 서로 돕고 협력하는 마을 공동체 의식의 복원, 바람직한 리더 육성, 실효성 있는 마을 규약 마련, 개방적·포용적 자세로의 전환과 농촌마을종합개발사업 추진 및 운영방법의 현실화가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

To analyze main factors of size planning of community facilities that were created as part of development of a rural area, the present condition of factors deciding size of community facilities was analyzed, factors that influence size planning by the type of community facility were drawn with Delphi anaysis. The results of analyzing the present condition of size planning factors of community facilities show that facilities have been generally planned as multi-purpose and multi-functional facilities. And on the basis of the purpose of facilities, their functions and organization, and their operation programs, facilities are classified into community-centered, agritourism-centered, and combined ones. Using Delphi analysis, major factors that could affect size planning of community facilities were drawn on 26 community-centered, 28 agritourism-centered, and 30 combined. And the factors tended not to be applied well for size planning of community facilities.

This study aims to make a revitalizing plan for managing and maintaining of facilities which were installed after the rural development projects. The survey was conducted to examine some issues of operating facilities from the developing plan. There were some factors that should be considered in the establishment stage of the project plan when promoting rural development projects. Among them, the preservation and maintenance of rurality, consistency with business plans, connectivity with local resources, and ease of maintenance were less reflective than its importance. And for each facility, systematic consulting on appropriate scale and operational management plans and detailed planning is needed.. It's also necessary to plan action so that the local community can lead. The current or future rural development project will be succeeded when local governments support to strengthening their local groups or people’s abilities.

This study aims to offer base line data for efficient conflicts control measures by first, analyzing the current situation of the regional comprehensive development project and second, identifying level, type and cause of the conflicts appeared during the development business promotion. For this purpose, theoretical side of this study establishes a basic frame by reviewing the existing researches in order to analyze the characteristics of the conflicts between the participation subjects in the development business, and the empirical side conducts survey and analysis on the awareness on these conflicts. As a result of the analysis, the survey revealed the followings. First, the respondents were aware of the overall promotions of the business quite positively, second, the conflicts were considered as a major obstacle against the development project promotion just as the other negative factors, third, majority of the responses on the seriousness of the conflicts were neutral which meant that the conflicts could be deepened by situations, fourth, most respondents had positive recognition on the needs of conflict control training and its effectiveness, and last but not least, most respondents of the survey revealed their intentions to take parts in trouble shooting from the conflicts. Based on the results above, we were able to extract several elements to consider preparing the countermeasures for the conflicts. First, specific plan should be arranged and institutionalized in order to control the conflicts between the residents at the initial stage of the development business or even before. Second, the specific plan must lower its threshold for easy participation of the residents in that region and make the residents main body of the conflict control. Third, enhanced conflict control education must be provided to the residents of the region where comprehensive development plan is in progress or being prepared.

The study was intended to identify the effect of the rural development projects (comprehensive improvement of the seats of Eup and Myeon and regional unit comprehensive development projects) on the quality of life in rural areas against local residents living in areas subject to those projects by means of structural equation modeling based on covariance structure analysis. The result indicated that perception factors affecting the quality of life for residents in rural areas by the projects included ‘improvement in spatial environment’, ‘increase in vitality of rural areas’, and ‘promotion of community activities.’ It was also suggested that ‘improvement in spatial environment’ and ‘increase in vitality of rural areas’ have significantly positive effect on the quality of life for residents in rural areas while the former has relatively higher correlation. In comparison between comprehensive improvement of the seats of Eup and Myeon and regional unit comprehensive development projects, it was analyzed that all the perception factors of the comprehensive improvement of the seats of Eup and Myeon have effect on the quality of life for residents in rural areas indicating that comprehensive improvement of the seats of Eup and Myeon is more effective than regional unit comprehensive development projects in promoting the community activities. It means that existing rural development projects have been promoted to improve spatial environment rather than improving the quality of life for residents in rural areas. Thus, it is considered that the rural development projects in future should seek for a sense of community so that they can induce voluntary participation by local residents.

The purpose of this study is to introduce a rural development project utilized Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA), which has been widely developed and applied as an approach and methods for participatory rural development since 1990’s. In the ODA project titled as “Happiness Program”, a comprehensive community development program designed and conducted by KOICA for underprivileged ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province, Vietnam, the villagers were able to analyse the realities of their situations, to plan, to act, and to monitor and evaluate their actions for improvement through all the processes of PRA utilization. Apart from the successful implementation of participatory rural development activities, this project also made a contribution to extending our knowledge about PRA by presenting the monitoring and evaluation system built for the project and the impact analyzed by the system such as increase in villagers’ annual income, expansion of infrastructure, capacity development and etc.

In this research, we reappraise saemaul project which is a leading role of rural development in a present perspectives and deduct social and political implications for rural development. For deducting problems and implications, related documents and previous researches are reviewed. Administration statistics are also gathered and analyzed for monitoring detailed projects propulsion progress and results. Samaul project is reappraised based on previous researches such as rural development, regional agricultural production system improvement, agricultural distribution system improvement, leader breeding, income improvement, and governance. Saemaul project has basically positive characteristics because of decreasing growth gap of urban and rural area by empowering cooperation of rural residents, instilling leadership, making village fund, constricting networks of government and urban area for administrative and financial assistant. In conclusion, there are implications that continues interests of most powerful sovereignty and comprehensive assistant of government are needed for overcome agricultural and rural crisis. Saemaulundong is a united and systematic approach in village level. In south korea where most of farms are small size, village or regional level assistants started in saemaulundong are still needed. In regional development, we can infer that will and ability development of participated residents are most basic and important factors for successful project propulsion in saemaul project.

The objectives of this research have been focussed on 1) developing prediction techniques for the flash flood and landslide based on rainfall prediction data in agricultural area and 2) developing an integrated forecasting system for the abrupt disasters using USN based real-time disaster sensing techniques. This study contains following steps to achieve the objective; 1) selecting rainfall prediction data, 2) constructing prediction techniques for flash flood and landslide, 3) developing USN and communication network protocol for detecting the abrupt disaster suitable for rural area, & 4) developing mobile application and SMS based early warning service system for local resident and tourist. Local prediction model (LDAPS , UM1.5km) supported by Korean meteorological administration was used for the rainfall prediction by considering spatial and temporal resolution. NRCS TR-20 and infinite slope stability analysis model were used to predict flash flood and landslide. There are limitations in terms of communication distance and cost using Zigbee and CDMA which have been used for existing disaster sensors. Rural suitable sensor-network module for water level and tilting gauge and gateway based on proprietary RF network were developed by consideration of low-cost, low-power, and long-distance for communication suitable for rural condition. SMS & mobile application forecasting & alarming system for local resident and tourist was set up for minimizing damage on the critical regions for abrupt disaster. The developed H/W & S/W for integrated abrupt disaster forecasting & alarming system was verified by field application.

Although the bottom-up rural area development project was conceived with great expectations, the general evaluation of the project so far reveals that it does not significantly differ from projects carried out in a top-down manner. This paper examines the nature of the bottom-up rural area development project with a focus on its background, including the roles of authority and project participants. Results revealed that the project was designed to be implemented in line with the state affairs ideology of the leader in a negative position of bureaucratic society. Though the form of implementation for the project seemed bottom-up as seen in the process of the roles and authorities in supporting organizations the top-down method of implementation can be seen in the authorities and roles of the central government. It was also noticed that the private sector, designed to elicit participation of various experts, looked to be managed and controlled by public organizations. The abovementioned signifies that the Korea rural area development project has been implemented not in a bottom-up manner but rather in an ever-strong top-down manner, which means that the central government holds more responsibility for the project's results, evaluation, and discussions. Furthermore, as seen in the background of the project, policies have been implemented in a top-down manner without the confidence of the bureaucratic society. Therefore, in order to implement a proper bottom-up rural area development project, there is a need for the bureaucratic society to have confidence in the rural societies.

The purpose of this study was to develop survey tools for diagnosis of capacity levels in business promotion of rural residents when performing a rural development project of a regional unit. The cases of previous studies were analyzed to select community capacity indicators related to a rural development project. Five indicators were derived : social capital, consciousness of participation, community spirit, and leadership. Based on the five indicators, measurement items of various capacities were selected and 54 survey items were selected through evaluation of experts twice. The pilot tests were conducted and targeted at Jeonnam song ho-jung village and Gyeongnam Haegeumgang village to identify derived survey items. In addition, descriptive statistic analysis and reliability analysis were conducted. As a result, survey items were corrected by reducing 10 items of the total 54 items. This results showed that using this tool could help us understand capacity levels of rural residents.