For motor controller designers, building a simulation environment is not a difficult process. After verifying the controller by simulation, it is common to select 20kHz for the current control loop, 1kHz for the speed loop, and 100Hz for the position loop when implementing the actual HW embedded system. This is because maximized cycles (20kHz) for each control loop are unnecessary in control theory and are a waste of cost and HW resources. However, in a simulation environment, each loop will often have the same control cycle (20kHz maximum). This is because we think it is unnecessary to reflect this part in the simulation. In this paper, it is shown that the difference in the sampling time of each control loop makes a big difference in the simulation result, and as a solution, it is proposed to apply LPF to the position loop output stage. In the process, the reasons for the differences were analyzed, and the effect of LPF, the reason for application, and the feasibility of implementation were proved by actual software coding.

Traffic accidents that occur while driving a car are inevitable, and the characteristics of the body repair field are that each vehicle accident has the same damage and no same repair conditions. Therefore, it is difficult to acquire know-how in vehicle body repair simply by theoretical method of textbook, and the repair method must be changed as new materials and new technologies are applied to it. In particular, roof panels are not frequently damaged by traffic accidents, but they are damaged by falling objects from the roof of a building or the opposite lane, resulting in roof bending and vehicle repair using dent repair to minimize VOC and reduce costs. In this study, the optimal maintenance method is proposed by analyzing the time, cost, and waste generation according to the work method when the degree of damage is large and replacement is required

타임루프는 등장 인물에게 반복되는 시간의 주기를 경험하게 하는 장치로, 주기적 시간에서의 반복적 실패 를 통해서 문제를 파악하고 해결하는 과정이 드러나 있는 것이 특징이다. 본 논문에서는 타임루프 장치를 통한 반복이 게임의 전개와 플레이어의 경험에 어떤 작용을 하는지 알아보기 위해 게임 ‘12 Minutes’을 중심 으로 게임요소와 스토리텔링을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 게임에서 타임루프로 인지되는 인터랙션이 무엇이고, 그 안에서 플레이어 캐릭터와 플레이어의 위치, 게임의 목표와 분기점이 어떻게 변화하는지 분석하였다. 그 결과, 다음과 같은 사실을 알게 되었다. 첫째, 타임루핑 게임에서 반복적 인터랙션은 오브젝트와 플레이어, 캐릭터 사이에 일어나는데, 루핑을 알고 있는 존재는 플레이어 캐릭터와 플레이어로 타임루핑은 플레이어 차원과 플레이어 캐릭터 차원에서 일어난다는 점이다. 둘째, 게임에서 타임루프는 다중의 서사를 만들어내 는 플랫폼으로 문제해결을 위한 다양한 시도가 가능하고, 플레이어가 가상 세계에 행하는 행위를 통해 자신 의 욕망하는 바를 잘 드러낼 수 있도록 기능하는 장치라는 것이다.

Test of the operating characteristics and energy saving performance of a container cooling system that reduces the operating energy of a refrigeration system using a loop thermosyphon heat exchanger that removes heat by temperature difference between outdoor and indoor was performed. As a result of the experiments, when the loop thermosyphon and the refrigeration system were operated simultaneously, the refrigeration system operated intermittently by reducing the heat load. As the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor increased, the operating time of the refrigeration system decreased and the energy efficiency rate increased. Energy efficiency rate showed a tendency to increase with increasing temperature difference, and the predicted correlation of energy efficiency rate using the performance of the loop thermosyphon heat exchanger and the refrigeration system was relatively consistent with the experimental value.

Considering the features of body repair for automotive body where same damage and repair conditions does not exist in car accident, it is essential to acquire know-how and continuously approach new materials and new technologies on the site of maintenance where the theoretical instruction of textbook cannot react accurately minute by minute. Especially, in case of car repair from unexpected accidents such as body repair or dent repair, it is difficult to satisfy vehicle owners despite their request. Accordingly, this study researched the better maintenance technology to restore to its original state with more improved technology as vehicle owners wish. This study made time to repair reduced by 98% and the cost reduced by 79.6% through the accurate diagnostic technique before repair and maintenance technologies of body crash analysis applying property of high-speed tensile. It also obtains intangible effects including prevention of environmental pollution and maximization of vehicle owners satisfaction.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance factors such as type of working fluid, flow direction, arrangement and stage of loop thermosyphon heat exchanger for ESS battery container cooling. Pentane showed slightly better performance of the heat exchanger than R-134a as a working fluid. Driving the fan in the suction direction showed improved performance compared to the blowing direction. The two-stage heat exchanger increased the heat transfer rate by more than 30% at the same temperature difference compared to the single-stage heat exchanger. Also, the counterflow flow showed better performance than the parallel flow in the two-stage heat exchanger.

Experiments were conducted on the operating characteristics and performance of various types of working fluid, filling amount and heat flow rate of a loop thermosyphon for cooling ESS battery container. As results of performance test on various working fluids, HFE-7100 and R-134a as a working fluids showed unstable operating and low performance due to vapor pressure drop, and performance was improved by increasing the number of vapor lines for reducing a pressure drop. In this study, n-pentane was more stable and showed better thermal performance among various working fluids.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to verity the applicability of a portable small-loop electromagnetic survey method to underground cavity detection. METHODS: In order to evaluate applicability of the method, a test bed comprised of four sections was constructed. The two sizes of the four cavities artificially formed at two depths were contained in the test bed. Each cavity was positioned at center of each 6 m long section. Four types of pavement materials such as unpaved ground, bricks, asphalt, and concrete were used at every section. The portable small-loop electromagnetic device measured electrical conductivity as an exploration signal that varied according to the electrical properties underground. The electrical conductivity was converted into two-dimensional electrical resistivity distribution sections using an inverse analysis program. RESULTS : The results showed that the electrical resistivity of the non-cavity area was lower than that of the cavity area. The electrical resistivity increased as the measurement device moved closer to the cavity position. It was also found that the electrical resistivity values were not significantly affected by pavement type. The small cavity with diameter of 35 cm could be detected up to 1.2 m depth. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it was verified that the portable small-loop electromagnetic survey method is applicable to the detection of cavities in sections where ground subsidence is expected. This method can be effectively used for small-scale roads such as sidewalks, parkways, and side streets where large exploration equipment cannot enter.

In this paper, the control technique of the stepping motor using back electromotive force(B-EMF) without encoder is investigated. The stepping motor generally uses the rotary encoder to detect the rotor position. Since this method increases the cost and the motor configuration size, the new closed-loop control method applied for the B-EMF was implemented by using current detect circuit, AD-converter, and micro controller unit(MCU). The contorl loop of stepping motor became very simplified. The current change of stepping motor measured by the amplifier was measured and analyzed, when the missing step is occurred. Based on the data from current feedback, position errors were compensated and confirmed by using AD-converter.

In this paper investigated the without encoder drive for stepping motor using back electromotive force(B-EMF). In generally stepping motor should be rotary encoder to rotor position, the rotary encoder is adopted to detect the position. But in this way increase cost and volume. This paper propose B-EMF & closed-loop method was implemented using current detect circuit, AD-converter and MCU(micro controller unit). So that stepping motor environment is very simplify. The current of stepping motor was measured by using amplifier. The change of current was measured and analyzed, when the missing step occurred. Based on data from current feedback, position errors were compensated and it was confirmed by using AD-converter.

우리가 정보를 수집하고, 서로 상호작용하고, 우리의 정체성을 만들어 가는 방식은 점점 현재 인터넷상의 많은 사이트에서 사용되는 개인전용화 알고리듬에 의해 형성되고 있다. 개인전용화 알고리듬은 우리 자신의 관심사를 우리에게 공급해 줌으로서 각각의 개인에게 가장 연관되는 정보를 제공해 준다는 것이 개인전용화 알고리듬이 가진 문제이다. 이것이 만드는 피드백 루프는 개인의 정체성에 중요한 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라, 개인과 집단 간의 관계에도 영향을 준다. 본 논문은 톰슨 앤 크레이그헤드(Thomson & Craighead), 라파엘 로자노-헤머(Rafael Lozano-Hemmer), 마닉스 드 나이스(Marnix de Nijs), 다니엘 로진(Daniel Rozin) 의 예술작품을 살펴보고 알고리듬 피드백 루프가 개인적, 집단적 행동, 자아에 대한 이미지와 세계관, 그리고 집단 정체성에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 궁극적으로 본 논문은 순환적인 과정의 구조와 특성을 재구성함으로써 개발될 수 대안들을 모색하고자 한다.

리무진 차량은 특수 용도로 사용하고 있고 현재는 수작업으로 하이루프를 작업 시 다수의 작업자가 하이루프를 작업 하고 었으며 생산성 저하는 물론 제풍의 품질에도 영향을 주고 있다. 본 본 논문에서는 이러한 조립공정을 감소하는 기술과 1인의 작업자가 작업이 가능하도록 하는 공정을 개발하여 작업자의 안전과 직무 능력과 안전성을 확보하는 방향으로 기술 개발을 실시하였다.

The loop thermosyphon has been designed and tested for cooling several hundreds watt of heat. This cooling system is consisted of copper block, condenser which is fabricated with tubes and fins and transport lines. In this research, operational characteristics and limitation of the loop thermosyphon were investigated as a function of fill charge ratio, thermal load, vapor temperature and effective head. The experimental results shows that the heat transfer limitation is dominated by vapor temperature and effective head. Also, the correlation for the heat transfer limitation is presented and showed good agreement. The evaporating heat transfer coefficient is affected by vapor temperature and heat flux, but the fill charge ratio and liquid head are minor factor.