This study focuses on analyzing the impact range of toxicity, overpressure and radiant heat (pool fire and boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion, BLEVE) resulting from a propylene oxide leakage accident and proposes mitigation strategies to minimize damage. A risk assessment was conducted by designing accident scenarios based on variables such as substance quantity and wind speed. The results indicated that toxicity and BLEVE were the primary risk factors, and the risk level increased as the substance quantity increased and wind speed decreased. For future mitigation strategies, it is suggested that a quantitative analysis of vapor dispersion rates and dilution and effects under various environmental conditions be conducted, along with preliminary research on optimizing absorbents and catalytic materials.

2024년 기준으로 서울특별시의 자전거 이용률과 자전거 도로 인프라가 모두 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있는 반면 자전거 사고건수 및 자전거 사고로 인한 사망자수와 중상자수는 매년 감소하고 있는 추세를 보이고 있어 현행 자전거 관련 안전 정책이 어느 정도 실효성 이 있음을 시사한다. 그러나 중상 및 사망사고는 여전히 지속적으로 발생하고 있어 이에 대한 효과적인 정책이 필요한 상황이지만 현 재 국내 자전거 안전 정책은 사고 예방에만 집중되어 있어 사고의 특성을 종합적으로 반영하지 못한다는 큰 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 서울특별시 자전거 사고 데이터를 기반으로 자전거 도로 유형별로 서로 다른 값의 가중치를 부여하여 자전거 도로 자체의 특 성을 반영한 사고 심각도를 산출하고, 사고 심각도와 사고 건수를 각각 표준화하여 단위를 통일한 후 이를 통합한 종합적 사고 위험 도 점수를 도출하는 방법론을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 실제 서울특별시의 공유자전거 사고데이터를 활용하여 자전거 도로 유형 에 따라 사고 심각도와 사고 건수를 종합적으로 고려한 사고 위험도 지표를 개발하는 방법론을 제안하고, 이를 자전거 위험도 분석 및 도로 유형별 맞춤형 안전 대책 마련을 위한 정책적 근거로 제공할 수 있도록 그 기준을 검토하는 것이다. 데이터수집의 경우, 2021 년~2023년 3년간 서울특별시에서 발생한 자전거 교통사고 데이터와 자전거 교통사고가 발생하는 지점의 도로 유형, 경사, 노면상태 등 자전거 도로 인프라 자체적 특성과 자전거 사고 발생 시 기상상황 등 환경적 특성이 포함된 자전거 사고 발생 도로환경요인 데이터를 확보하였다 분석방법론의 경우, 자전거 교통사고에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들을 계층적으로 고려하기 위한 방법론인 Hierarchical Modeling을 적용하였으며, 3개의 계층으로 구성된 프레임워크를 구축하여 사고 심각도, 자전거 도로 유형별 사고 심각도를 반영한 공 간 위험도, 종합적 사고 위험도 점수를 체계적으로 도출하였다. Level 1에서는 사고 데이터를 기반으로 사고 심각도를 정량화하고, 도 로 유형에 따른 가중치를 적용하여 사고 심각도를 평가하였다. Level 2에서는 MCAR(Model for Conditional Autoregressive Effects) 모델 을 활용하여 시공간적 상관성을 반영하고, 이를 바탕으로 도로 유형별 사고 심각도를 조정하였다. Level 3에서는 Level 2에서 도출된 도로 유형별 사고 심각도 점수에 사고 발생 빈도를 반영하여 최종적인 종합 사고 위험도 점수를 산출하고, 안전 정책 적용이 시급한 지점을 도출하였다. 향후에는 머신러닝 기반의 예측 모델을 활용하여 도출된 종합적 사고 위험도 점수와 비교 분석할 예정이다.

In this study, we aim to classify personal mobility (PM)-related traffic crash data into four categories: PM-to-vehicle, PM-to-pedestrian, PM-single, and vehicle-to-PM crashes, and analyze the factors influencing the severity of each crash type. To overcome the limitations of existing studies in explaining the impact of independent variables on ordinal dependent variables, a random forest model was combined with the Shapley additive explanation technique. This approach visualizes the influence of independent variables on a dependent variable, providing clearer insights and enhancing interpretability. The analysis of PM traffic accidents, categorized into at-fault, single-vehicle, and victim accidents, revealed distinct key factors for each type. The main contributors to the severity of crashes caused by PM are traffic violations by teenagers and collisions with elderly pedestrians. Single-vehicle accidents were predominantly caused by overturn incidents, with inadequate driving skills among PM users aged 40 years and older, and significantly increasing severity. Victim accidents primarily occur at intersections, where the behavior of the at-fault driver and age of the PM user are critical factors influencing the severity. We identified various factors influencing the severity of PM crashes by type, highlighting the need for tailored policy measures. Proposed policies include physically separating bicycle–pedestrian shared spaces and strictly regulating illegal PM sidewalk riding, introducing PM licenses for teenagers to ensure compliance with traffic rules, and implementing regular safety education programs for all age groups. Although this study applied a new analytical technique, it relied on limited crash data, thus limiting the results to estimates.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of implementing a voluntary driver's license return program on reducing traffic crashes for older drivers who were previously involved in traffic accidents. The traffic crashes caused by elderly drivers were categorized by crash type. We used the Chi-square test to compare municipalities that implemented the program in 2019 and 2020 with those that did not and explored variations in crash types based on the residential areas and age groups of elderly drivers. The voluntary driver's license return program reduced considerably the number of single-vehicle crashes involving elderly drivers. Moreover, while all crash types decreased in rural areas, only pedestrian–vehicle, and single-vehicle crashes were reduced considerably in urban areas. In terms of age groups, drivers aged >75 years were associated with reduced numbers of crashes (all types). Similarly, the 70–74 age group demonstrated considerable reductions in pedestrian–vehicle and single–vehicle crashes, emphasizing the importance of encouraging and supporting license returns among these age groups. First, because the characteristics of each crash type vary, it is important to analyze the impact of voluntary driver’s license returns on crash reduction, with a focus on specific crash types. Second, voluntary license returns should be promoted in all regions. However, in rural areas with limited access to public transportation, mobility must be supported by the introduction of DRT. Third, given that drivers aged >75 years were associated with reduced numbers of crashes (for all types of crashes), priority policies should be implemented to encourage license returns within this age group, along with tailored incentives. However, as the voluntary license return program is intended to support selfinitiated cessation of driving without compulsion, strategies should also be explored to promote voluntary returns without age restrictions. Fourth, a standardized evaluation system should be established to enable older drivers to assess their driving abilities and physical conditions, further encouraging voluntary license returns.

PURPOSES : The primary objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the factors that affect traffic incident duration in the mainline, tunnel, and ramp segments of an expressway. In addition, this study derived the most suitable statistical prediction model based on various incident duration distributions. METHODS : South Korean expressway crash data for 11 years, from 2011 to 2021, were analyzed. The incident durations on the mainline, tunnel, and ramp segments were selected using the accelerated failure time model, which is a parametric survival analysis approach. RESULTS : The mainline segment showed that the incident duration increased during accidents, including guard pipe collisions, multivehicle collisions, and snowfall. In particular, collisions in a tunnel with shoulder facilities increase the incident duration, while decreasing the time in the ramp segment. CONCLUSIONS : The incident duration model for each segment type yielded the most accurate results when applying a log-logistic distribution.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics affecting traffic accidents that have occurred in 564 industrial complexes nationwide from 2011 to 2015.METHODS : The traffic accidents were specified using various factors such as industrial complex type (national VS. general), industrial complex degradation (old VS. non-old), location of complex (capital VS. non-capital), and traffic law violation (speeding, signal violation, and median invasion). The average number of crashes and accident ratio (fatal, severe, and both) in terms of characteristics of industrial complexes were calculated. With a sample of crashes of the industrial complexes for 5 years, statistical significances were tested to analyze and compare the differences based on industrial complex and traffic law characteristics using parametric and non-parametric methods.RESULTS: From statistical results, it is observed that the crash frequency occurring in old industrial complexes is three times higher than that in non-old industrial complexes. Old industrial complexes located in a capital area, old national industrial complexes, and old general industrial complexes are considerably related to higher crash frequency, but the fatal accident ratio appeared to have no statistical difference across industrial complex characteristics. Severe crashes are more likely to occur in non-old industrial complexes on an average.CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to eliminate potential threats to roads and traffic in the same manner as illegal parking in industrial complexes through the restoration of old industrial complexes. To improve the efficiency of road infrastructure, efforts should be made to improve traffic safety in accordance with industrial characteristics such as planning and operation of relevant local government programs.

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to develop a traffic accident model of a roundabout based on the type of land use. METHODS : The traffic accident data from 2010 to 2014 were collected from the“ traffic accident analysis system (TAAS)”data set of the Road Traffic Authority. A multiple linear regression model was utilized in this study to analyze the accidents based on the type of land use. Variables such as geometry and traffic volume were used to develop the accident models based on the type of land use. RESULTS : The main results are as follows. First, the null hypothesis that the type of land use does not affect the number of accidents is rejected. Second, four accident models based on the type of land use have been developed, which are statistically significant (high R2 values). Finally, the total entering and circulating volumes, area of the central island, number of speed breakers, mean number of entry lanes, diameter of the inscribed circle, mean width of the entry lane, area of the roundabout, bus stops, and number of circulatory roadways are analyzed to see how they affect the accident for each type of land use. CONCLUSIONS: The development of the accident models based on the type of land use has revealed that the accident factors at a roundabout are different for each case. Thus, more speed breakers in commercial areas and an inscribed circle of proper diameter in commercial and residential areas are determined to be important for reducing the number of accidents. Additionally, expanding the width of the entry lanes, decreasing the area of the roundabouts in residential areas, and reducing the conflict factors such as bus stops in green spaces are determined to be important.

Construction sites have gradually become bigger and bigger according to Korea economic growth. Also use of tower crane and other heavy equipment has been increased. The increased use of heavy equipment like tower crane is leading to fatality incident. This study will verify hazards to influence tower crane incident through structural and positive verification and find which hazard influence incident risk. The result of this study is as follows. First, while there is a significant difference between safety managers and tower crane operators for working environment, safety management, personal manage among risk factors, we can not find any evidence on the difference in perception of tower crane incident risk between them. Second, task manage risk and personal manage risk has a significant positive effect on perception of tower crane incident risk. Third, while site environment risk has a significant positive moderating effect of task type between risk factors and perception of tower crane incident risk, personal environment risk has a significant negative moderating effect between them.

회전교차로는 일반적인 평면교차로보다 상충횟수가 적고 진입속도가 느려 교통사고 발생건수와 피해정도 가 작다는 특징을 가지고 있으며, 이는 회전교차로 관련 각종 사고 자료나 연구들로 증명되고 있다. 이에 정 부에서는 회전교차로의 도입활성화 방안 추진에 따라 회전교차로의 설치를 증가시키고 있는 추세이다. 하지만, 회전교차로에서도 기하구조, 운전자의 부주의 등으로 교통사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며 측면충돌, 후미추돌, 기타 등 다양한 충돌유형이 존재한다. 또한 오늘날 우리나라는 영업용 택배차량의 증가에 따라 화물차 등록대수가 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 화물차의 경우 무거운 화물을 싣고 있고, 차량자체도 크기 때문에 사고가 일어나면 대형사고로 이어질 가능성이 크다. 그러나 기존 회전교차 로 사고와 관련된 연구들 대부분이 전체차량에 대한 연구이며, 화물차에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 국내 회전교차로에서의 화물차 충돌유형을 측면충돌, 후미추돌, 기타로 나누어 모형을 개발하고 충돌유형별로 어떠한 요인이 사고에 영향을 미치는지 비교분석하는데 목적이 있다. 모형의 종속변수는 국내 회전교차로 76개소에서 발생한 2007~2014년까지 8개년도 화물차 교통사고건 수이며, 독립변수로는 교통류특성을 나타내는 교통량과 기하구조요인 등을 적용하였다. 이를 위해 통계프 로그램 LIMDEP 8.0과, SPSS20.0을 이용하였으며, 모형은 가산자료 모형인 포아송과 음이항 회귀모형 중 추정에 의해 더 적합한 모형을 선정하였다. 모형추정결과 충돌유형별 사고모형의 공통변수는 화물차 턱 폭이 채택되었으며, 특정변수로 측면충돌사고는 차로분리섬 유무, 화물차 턱 유무, 후미추돌사고는 유 입차로 폭, 제한속도표지판 유무, 기타사고는 내접원 직경, 교통량이 채택되었다. 또한 우도비 검정을 수 행한 결과 통계적으로 설명력이 높은 모형이 개발된 것을 알 수 있었다.

Corporation’s valuable intelligent asset is being threatened from the skills of threatening subject that has been evolved along with the growth of the information system and the amount of the information asset. Domestically, attempts of various private information attacks, important information extortion, and information damage have been detected, and some of them have abused the vulnerability of security of information system, and have become a severe social problem that generates security incident. When accessing to the security, most of companies used to establish a strategy with a consistent manner and a solution plan. However, this is not a proper way. The order of priorities vary depending on the types of business. Also, the scale of damage varies significantly depending on the types of security incidents. And method of reaction and critical control point vary depending on the types of business and security incidents. In this study, I will define the security incidents by their types and preponderantly examine how one should react to those security incidents. In this study, analyzed many types of security accidents that can occur within a corporation and an organization considering various factors. Through this analysis, thought about factors that has to be considered by corporations and organizations when they intend to access to the information security. This study focuses on the response methodology based on the analysis of the case analysis of the leakage of industrial secret and private secret other than the conceptual response methodology that examines the way to prevent the leakage of the industry security systems and the industry information activities. And based on these factors, want to be of help for corporations to apply a reasonable approach when they establish a strategy to information security.

현재 교통사고 사망자수 줄이기를 위한 다양한 노력이 이루어지고 있으며, 이러한 노력의 결실을 맺기 위한 한 방편으로 교통사고취약구간에 대한 집중된 개선노력 및 투자가 요구되고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 고속도로 본선구간을 대상으로 사고유형별 교통사고취약구간 선정을 목적하고 있다. 이를 위하여 도로교통공단 교통사고분석시스템(TAAS)의 2007년에서 2013년까지 최근 7년간 고속도로 본선에서 발생한 총 21,724건을 대상으로 6가지 사고유형별로 구분된 데이터셋을 ArcMap을 활용하여 구 축한다. 교통사고취약구간 선정은 커널밀도를 활용한 KDE(Jernel Density Estimation)법을 활용하여 실 시한다. 기존 연구와의 차이점은 보다 정밀한 분석을 위하여 노선별 방향을 구분하여 접근함으로써 분석결과의 공동데이터로서의 활용도를 높였으며, 방대한 데이터셋과 더불어 사고유형별 접근을 통해 분석의 다양성 을 높였다는 점이다. 한편 KDE법을 활용하여 도출된 사고유형별 교통사고취약구간의 기하구조 및 교통특성 분석을 통하여 사고유형별로 달라질 수 있는 도로환경 요인에 대한 분석을 실시한다.

The purpose of this study was to identity the relationships of sub factor among the brain dominance thinking types(A,B,C,D quadrant thinking type) is based on the Whole Brain Modal and self-leadership by Manz. The subjects were 102 undergraduates students from the Hoseo university in Cheonan. The results of this study as follows ; first, the brain dominance thinking type A was the highest and type C was highly rated. Second, the brain dominance thinking type A was not correlated type C and type D. Third, the brain dominance thinking type C and self-leadership sub factor was significantly positively correlated.

Recently, carelessness on safety management in construction sites has caused a sharper upward trend in accidents and disasters, compared to the past. Therefore, this study analyzes the causes of accidents that occurred on construction sites in the year of 2010, and proposes preventive measures. The construction industry had a heavy death rate with 279 out of 418 deaths from falls in all industrial sites, accounting for 66.7%. And the causation analysis found a particularly high incidence of temporary structure-related accidents, with falling off scaffolding as the most common cause of accidents. According to the causation analysis of fall-down accident cases, accidents induced by protrusion on construction sites are a big contributor resulting in the deaths of 312, accounting for 74.8%, which is deemed to be due to site disorderliness. And to remove floor protrusions and to secure workers’ traffic line and safety, neat and thorough site arrangement is necessary. Against collision, efforts must be made to prevent equipment- pedestrian crashes on site, which necessarily requires emergency lamps, alarm bells, and safety poles and blocks to be installed, lighting systems to be improved, obstacles to be removed, site supervisors to be assigned to construction equipment works, and workers to be more intensely trained and supervised.