This study utilizes association rule learning and clustering analysis to explore the co-occurrence and relationships within ecosystems, focusing on the endangered brackish-water snail Clithon retropictum, classified as Class II endangered wildlife in Korea. The goal is to analyze co-occurrence patterns between brackish-water snails and other species to better understand their roles within the ecosystem. By examining co-occurrence patterns and relationships among species in large datasets, association rule learning aids in identifying significant relationships. Meanwhile, K-means and hierarchical clustering analyses are employed to assess ecological similarities and differences among species, facilitating their classification based on ecological characteristics. The findings reveal a significant level of relationship and co-occurrence between brackish-water snails and other species. This research underscores the importance of understanding these relationships for the conservation of endangered species like C. retropictum and for developing effective ecosystem management strategies. By emphasizing the role of a data-driven approach, this study contributes to advancing our knowledge on biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health, proposing new directions for future research in ecosystem management and conservation strategies.

Until now, research on consumers’ purchasing behavior has primarily focused on psychological aspects or depended on consumer surveys. However, there may be a gap between consumers’ self-reported perceptions and their observable actions. In response, this study aimed to investigate consumer purchasing behavior utilizing a big data approach. To this end, this study investigated the purchasing patterns of fashion items, both online and in retail stores, from a data-driven perspective. We also investigated whether individual consumers switched between online websites and retail establishments for making purchases. Data on 516,474 purchases were obtained from fashion companies. We used association rule analysis and K-means clustering to identify purchase patterns that were influenced by customer loyalty. Furthermore, sequential pattern analysis was applied to investigate the usage patterns of online and offline channels by consumers. The results showed that high-loyalty consumers mainly purchased infrequently bought items in the brand line, as well as high-priced items, and that these purchase patterns were similar both online and in stores. In contrast, the low-loyalty group showed different purchasing behaviors for online versus in-store purchases. In physical environments, the low-loyalty consumers tended to purchase less popular or more expensive items from the brand line, whereas in online environments, their purchases centered around items with relatively high sales volumes. Finally, we found that both high and low loyalty groups exclusively used a single preferred channel, either online or in-store. The findings help companies better understand consumer purchase patterns and build future marketing strategies around items with high brand centrality.

The present study aimed to explore how pre-service teacher’s individual regulatory focus orientation, currently emerging as an interesting learner variable for language learning, could influence their Englishspeaking abilities. English teaching demonstration videos of 67 pre-service teachers were analyzed in terms of pronunciation, accuracy, and fluency. The regulatory focus orientations of participants were evaluated using a questionnaire. The results of data analysis, using multiple regression analysis, indicated that promotion-focus orientation was a significant positive predictor for pronunciation, fluency (words per minute, ratio of dysfluency), and accuracy (lexical errors, ratio of error-free AS-units). On the other hand, prevention-focus orientation did not emerge as a statistically significant factor affecting accuracy. However, it was observed to have a negative influence on both pronunciation and fluency. In light of the research findings that highlight the favorable impact of a promotion-focus orientation, suggestions were made for future teacher training programs aimed at enhancing the English proficiency of pre-service teachers.

In this study, we propose a novel approach to analyze big data related to patents in the field of smart factories, utilizing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling method and the generative artificial intelligence technology, ChatGPT. Our method includes extracting valuable insights from a large data-set of associated patents using LDA to identify latent topics and their corresponding patent documents. Additionally, we validate the suitability of the topics generated using generative AI technology and review the results with domain experts. We also employ the powerful big data analysis tool, KNIME, to preprocess and visualize the patent data, facilitating a better understanding of the global patent landscape and enabling a comparative analysis with the domestic patent environment. In order to explore quantitative and qualitative comparative advantages at this juncture, we have selected six indicators for conducting a quantitative analysis. Consequently, our approach allows us to explore the distinctive characteristics and investment directions of individual countries in the context of research and development and commercialization, based on a global-scale patent analysis in the field of smart factories. We anticipate that our findings, based on the analysis of global patent data in the field of smart factories, will serve as vital guidance for determining individual countries' directions in research and development investment. Furthermore, we propose a novel utilization of GhatGPT as a tool for validating the suitability of selected topics for policy makers who must choose topics across various scientific and technological domains.

SOCS3, a suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, is known as a negative regulator of various cytokines and a tumor suppressor gene in human tumors. This study aimed to investigate the role of SOCS3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its impact on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC cells. Although SOCS3 is recognized as a negative regulator of various cytokines and a tumor suppressor gene in human tumors, its specific effects on OSCC remain poorly understood. For the assessment of SOCS3 expression in OSCC, the UALCAN website and TCGA data were used to evaluate its expression in head and neck cancer. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was conducted to determine the SOCS3 expression specifically in OSCC. The findings indicated a significant decrease in SOCS3 expression in tumor tissue compared to that in normal tissues. To investigate the enhancement of SOCS3 expression in OSCC cancer cell lines, IL6 treatment was administered to MC3 cells. However, no significant differences were observed in cell viability, wound healing assay, and invasion assay. Conversely, the transfection of SOCS3 siRNA into OSCC cells led to a notable increase in cell viability and statistically significant increases in wound healing and invasion assays. These results suggest that SOCS3 plays a crucial role in cell viability and EMT in OSCC, thereby contributing to oral carcinogenesis. Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise role of SOCS3 in OSCC.

This study attempts to analyze the economic impact of the service robot industry using Input-Output analysis, which is conducted based on Demand-driven model, the Leontief price model, the Backward and Forward Linkage Effects, and the Exogenous Methods. In a Demand-driven model analysis, we can conclude that the service robot industry contains characteristics of both the manufacturing industry and the service industry, which causes a positive impact on the overall industry by compensating for the weaknesses of the two industries. The Leontief price analysis indicates when wages in the service robot industry increase, prices related to robot manufacturing also increase. Also, when profits in the service robot industry increase, prices related to service provision increase, too. The Backward and Forward Linkage Effects analysis shows that the service robot industry is highly sensitive to the current economic condition and has a great influence on the service industry. The service robot industry can highlight the aspect of service characteristics when the manufacturing industry is in recession and vice versa. In addition, the service robot industry can be regarded as a value-adding and domestic economy promoting industry which utilizes knowledge of information and communication technologies. It is important to foster the service robot industry in South Korea, which is in economic recession to provide an opportunity to stimulate the growth of both service and robot industries.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the bidirectional association between burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and depression disorders. Methods: A total of 854 pairs of BMS and 58 999 pairs of depression disorders matched 1:1 for age and sex were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models, which were adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: Bidirectional analysis found that BMS was associated with depression disorders (odds ratio=4.64, P < 0.001) and depression disorders was also significantly associated with BMS (odds ratio=2.97, P < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate a significant bidirectional association between BMS and depression disorders. The odds ratios suggest that BMS is a stronger predictor for incidence of depression disorders than depression disorders predicting incidence of BMS. Given this retrospective cohort design, the mechanisms underlying the association between BMS and depression disorders are not directly analyzed. Therefore, further investigation are needed to analyze the causality between BMS and depression disorders.

이 논문은 대중음악의 리듬에 큰 영향을 끼친 펑크 리듬과 아프로 큐반 리듬을 구조적 관점으로 분석하여 그 연관성과 응용과정을 연구하였다. 펑크 리듬은 1965년 제임스 브라운과 그의 밴드들 에 의해 발생 및 발전되었으며, 아프리카에서 온 흑인들에게 영향을 받은 라틴 음악의 리듬을 미 국 대중음악에 적용하고 융합하여 만들어 낸 리듬이다. 대중음악 리듬에 큰 영향을 끼치고 있는 펑크 리듬의 발생과 발전에 대해 체계적으로 분석하여, 리듬의 응용과 융합 방법의 원리를 제시하 는 것이 이 연구의 목적이다. 연구 방법은 대중음악 리듬의 혁명으로 불리는 1960년대 중반 이후 의 제임스 브라운의 앨범에 정착된 펑크 리듬과 아프로 큐반 음악의 리듬 구조를 비교하여 연관성 을 분석하였고, 대중음악 리듬으로 응용 및 적용하는 과정에 대해 추론하였다. 연구 결과 아프로 큐반의 대표적인 리듬들과 대중음악에서 사용되는 펑크의 중심 리듬에서 그 연관성을 찾을 수 있 었으며, 특히 드럼의 킥 패턴과 킥과 스네어 드럼 조합의 패턴을 응용하여 대중음악 리듬으로 만 들었다는 것을 도출해 내었다. 마지막으로 이 방법을 활용하여 좀 더 많은 전통 리듬들을 응용하 여 새로운 대중음악의 리듬을 응용하고 만들어내는 가능성을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 Yorkshire종, Landrace종 및 Duroc종에 대한 유전체자료를 이용하여 수퇘지의 웅취를 유발하는 세 가지 호르몬인 androstenone, indole 및 skatole 호르몬에 대한 유의적인 유전자영역, SNP 마커 및 후보유전자를 발굴하여 최종적으로 저웅취 종돈을 육종하는데 그 목적이 있다. Genomoe-Wide Association Study를 수행하기 위한 참조집단으로 수집한 유전체 정보는 Yorkshire, Landrace 및 Duroc종에서 각각 3,858 두, 472두 및 1,029두로 총 5,359두에 대한 유전체자료를 분석에 이용하였다. 추정되는 육종가의 정확도를 평가하기 위하여 REML방법을 ASREML 4.1 소프트웨어를 이용하여 분석하였고 세 가지 호르몬에 대하여 다형질 개체모형을 적용하였으며 추정된 육종가로부터 산출한 deregreessed DEBVincPA를 반응변수로 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 세 가지 호르몬에 대하여 BayesB와 C의 방법론을 통하여 분석한 결과 BayesB에서 세 가지 호르몬과 연관될 것으로 예상되는 SNP marker 9개, 즉 androstenone에서 3개, indole에서 1개 및 skatole에서 5개가 발굴되었다. BayesC에 서는 이보다 적은 SNP marker 3개가 발굴되었다. 수퇘지의 웅취 호르몬에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 후보유전자는 총 6개로 각각 LMAN2L, ABLI, NRG3, CDH12, TRAPPC9, MAN1A2로 나타났다

The association between the COMT rs4680 (G>A, Val-158-Met) polymorphism and the risk of fibromyalgia has been investigated in previous studies, but the results are controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis has been performed to confirm the association between COMT rs4680 (G>A, Val-158-Met) polymorphism and the risk of fibromyalgia in this study. Our study includes eleven case-control studies with 2,909 individuals comprised of 1,365 fibromyalgia patients and 1,544 control subjects. The regression analysis was performed using the random effects model or the fixed effects model and OR with the corresponding 95 % CI was calculated for the allele, recessive, dominant, over-dominant, co-dominant 1, and co-dominant 2 model. No statistical significant associations were observed between COMT rs4680 (G>A, Val-158-Met) polymorphism and risk of fibromyalgia in allele model (P-value = 1.00), recessive model (P-value = 1.00), dominant model (P-value = 0.54), co-dominant 1 model (P-value = 1.00) and co-dominant 2 model (P-value = 1.00). In conclusion, our meta-analysis showed that the COMT rs4680(G>A, Val-158-Met) polymorphism might not be genetic risk factor for the fibromyalgia.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure, status and economic ripple effects of the fisheries processing industry in Korea using interindustry analysis. Five input-output tables published over the past twenty years have been reclassified with a focus on the fisheries processing sector. Through these multi-period tables, we analyzed changes in the inducing effects in production, value added and employment as well as the backward-forward linkage effects. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the industrial scale of the fisheries processing industry is very small compared to other food manufacturing industries. The backward linkage effect of the fisheries processing industry was greater than that of other industries, but the forward linkage effect was rather low. This means that the fisheries processing industry can be greatly affected by industrial depression of the downstream industries such as fishery and aquaculture. Production and employment-inducing effects of the fisheries processing industry have shown a decreasing trend in recent years. This reflects the reality that intermediate inputs are gradually being replaced by imports from domestic production due to the expansion of market opening and the depletion of fishery resource. In the future, it is necessary to prepare a strategy to increase the value-added productivity of the fisheries processing sector and foster it as an export industry.

이 연구는 사회적 자본을 구성하는 요인 가운데 ‘신뢰’의 수준이 한 국가에서 발생하는 민주적 퇴행과 어떻게 연관되어 있을지 개괄하였다. 이를 위하여 민주적 후퇴를 어떻게 바라볼지에 대한 연구들과 더불어 사회적 자본 을 정의하는 데 도움을 주는 기존 연구들을 살펴보았다. 이 연구에서 민주적 후퇴는 포퓰리즘의 등장과 같은 것으로 이해한다. 민주적 후퇴가 등장한 전형적인 사례로써 헝가리와 폴란드를 선택하였고, 두 국가가 경험한 민주적 후퇴 과정을 서술한 후 사회적 자본의 측정 지표인 '신뢰'의 수준 변화를 시계열 추세 분석을 이용하여 추적했다. 분석을 위해, WVS가 설문조사 를 통해 수집한 개인적 신뢰 및 집단적 신뢰 데이터들을 이용하였다. 그 결과, 두 사례에서 모두 개인적 신뢰와 민주적 후퇴 간 인과관계가 뚜렷하게 드러나지 않았다. 집단적 신뢰의 차원에서도 그 추세 변화가 민주적 후퇴와 연관되지 않는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 민주화 이후 집단적 신뢰가 저수준으로 고착됐다는 사실을 확인할 수 있고, 이것이 민주적 후퇴 현상을 용인하는 토양이 되었을 것이라 가정할 수 있다. 현재 이용 가능한 데이터는 아주 제한적이고 따라서 강력한 결론을 이끄는 데 어려움이 있다. 그러나 이 연구가 사회적 자본과 민주주의의 관계에 관한 심도 있는 연구를 이끄는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

This study compared the lifestyle patterns, dietary patterns, and health care practices of Korean middle-aged people by household type, and ultimately analyzed their relationship with different risk factors for the prevalence and severity of metabolic syndrome. We analyzed the data from 4,755 subjects who were from 40 to 64 years old, and gathered our sample from participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2015. Our results showed that single-person households had lower economic income levels, lower subjective health statuses, and higher levels of food instability than households with two or more individuals. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was 1.64 times higher in single-person households than in households with two or more individuals. After adjusting for potential confounding factors (sex, age, education, household income, smoking status, health status, and dietary factors), single-person households showed 1.75 times higher hypertriglyceridemia ORs than non-single-person households. In the conclusion of our study, we suggest that middle-aged people in single-person households may be at greater risk for metabolic syndrome and hypertriglyceridemia.

국제적으로 최근의 세계적인 축산 ICT 개발 추세는 음성, 맥박, 저작수, 호흡수, CCTV 영상인식 등 보다 다양하고 다중적ㆍ통합적인 센서기술을 접목하여 분만, 상해, 질병 감염, 발정, 반추 및 저작 등 가축의 중요한 생명ㆍ생산 활동을 판단하고 조기에 발견하는 연구들이 시도되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 ICT 기술을 활용하여 농가 생산성 향상 방안의 일환으로 체류형 바이오캡슐 내 pH, 반추위 체온 및 활동성 센서를 활용한 생체정보를 수집하였고 도축등급과의 상관관계 여부를 파악하고자 수행하였다. 시험방법으로는 26개월령의 한우 거세우 10두를 공시하여 5개월간 바이오캡슐 자료들을 수집하였고 이후 도축하여 등급판정성적과의 연관성 여부를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 육량 등급과 관련이 있는 등심단면적, 등지방두께, 도체중과 생체형질인 반추위 pH, 체온 그리고 활동성과는 모두 정(+)의 상관을 보였다. 육질등급과 관련 있는 근내지방도 및 성숙도는 생체형질인 체온에서는 정(+)의 상관을, pH 및 활동성과는 부(-)의 상관을 나타낸 반면에, 조직감에 대하여 체온은 부(-)의 상관을, pH 및 활동성과 는 정(+)의 상관을 보였다. 특히, 활동성과 근내지방도간의 상관계수가 –0.65로 통계적 유의성을 보였는데 (p<0.05), 이러한 결과는 소의 활동성이 낮으면 근내지방도는 높아진다는 것을 제시하여 준다. 반면에 pH와 도체중 간의 상관계수는 0.50으로 나타나 정(+)의 상관을 보였다. 이는 반추위의 pH가 낮아지면 체중도 작아진다는 것으로 분석된다. 본 연구 결과를 확대하여 계절 및 시간대별 생체정보가 도축성적에 미치는 요인에 대하여 추가적인 분석이 필요하며, 이를 근거로 한우 생산성 향상을 위한 생체정보를 활용할 수 있는 정보를 제공해 줄 것으로 판단된다.

The fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene plays an important role in lipid metabolism and homeostasis in adipocytes. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), g.7516G>C, in the FABP4 gene and economic traits of Korean native cattle, Hanwoo. Primers were designed to target a region of the FABP4 gene between nucleotides 7417 and 7868 (AAFC01136716). The SNP, which was detected by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using restriction enzyme MspA1I, was genotyped in 319 animals of Hanwoo steer population. Statistical analysis showed that the SNP genotype of the FABP4 gene significantly affected carcass weight (CW, p<0.01), longissimus muscle area (LMA, p<0.001), and marbling score (MS, p<0.001). GG allele of the SNP on 246 animals in a Wagyu × Limousin F2 reference population showed a higher MS (p<0.05) and subcutaneous fat depth (p<0.05) in previous report. But CC allele of the SNP showed greater values for MS, LMA, and CW in Hanwoo steers. These results suggest that the g.7516G>C SNP located in the FABP4 gene may affected differently depending on the cattle breed and can be used as a genetic selection marker in Korean native cattle.

이 논문의 목적은 빅데이터 분석기법의 하나인 연관규칙 분석법을 이용하여 소비자가 구매하는 신선식품 간의 상호 연관성을 살펴보는 것이다. 농촌진흥청의 「농식품 소비자 패널조사」에서 가공식품을 제외한 신선식품의 구매내역 정보를 이용하여 전통시장, 대형마트, 기업형 슈퍼마켓에서 나타나는 연관규칙을 계절별로 분석하였다. 소비자를 2011년을 기준년도로 하여 30, 40, 50대로 구분한 후에, 연령대･구입장소별로 도출된 연관규칙 을 매년 등장한 규칙, 빈번하게 나타난 규칙, 새로 생성된 규칙 세 가지로 구분하였다. 또한 각 연도별로 나타난 공통된 연관규칙에서 향상도의 변화를 분석하여 장바구니에서 나타나는 연관 구매의 동태적인 변화 패턴을 살펴보았다. 분석결과는 소매점포가 묶음상품을 개발하거나 매대를 구성할 때 또는 소비자에게 발송할 상품 홍보용 전단지를 만들 때 유용하게 사용될 것이다.