This study conducted a marine experiment to improve the fishing system using miniaturized nets for anchovy boat seine to reduce the fleet size. As a result, the miniaturized net for anchovy boat seine properly opened the entrance of the bag net using the buoyancy of the flotation for position indication and the setting force of the ground rope without operating a separate fish detecting boat by attaching a large flotation at the entrances of the inside wing net and the bag net. This also enabled an operation type where the entrance of the bag net is confirmed using a flotation for position indication from a netting boat. The time and the number of people used for net casting and net hauling in the marine experiment were average of five minutes and 25-30 minutes, respectively, and 23-30 people for the existent net, while for the miniaturized large-scale net were average of three minutes and 23-25 minutes, respectively, and 19-25 people. This indicates that the operation time was shortened, the number of fish detecting boats was reduced by one boat, and the number of people for fishing work was decreased by four or five people due to the improvement of fishing operation system according to the reduction of fishing net size. As a result of measuring the shaft horsepower during net towing, the maximum net towing horsepower was 250 HP in comparison to the maximum RPM of the engine (1,200 RPM), indicating that the legal horsepower of 250 HP is enough to conduct net towing and the competitiveness of fishing using the net for anchovy boat seine is ensured through operation cost reduction.

Although it is highly dependent on the production of coastal and offshore fishing, the Fishing Vessels Safety Fisheries Act was enacted in 2019 due to the continuous increase in marine accidents of coastal and offshore fishing vessels. However, the law is too focused on fishing and navigation in certain waters and does not contain accident-preventive content. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries proposes a plan to revise the Fishing Boat Safety Fishing Act through legal comparison with Japan's Seafarers' Labor Sanitation Rules. It also proposes an amendment that includes the content of the Seafarers Act on post-accident action obligations. Under the Fishing Vessels Safety Fishing Act, the safety fishing education is implemented for specific people and adopts a method of delivery education after completing the education. The reason for this is that the educational requirements are not sufficient compared to the number of education personnel. Moreover, four hours of education are conducted once a year, which is not suitable for insufficient educational conditions. For efficient safety fishing education, improvement measures are proposed compared to education in the United States and the United Kingdom.

In this study, a comparative test operation was conducted through the alternate haul method to examine the selectivity of the four mesh sizes (60 mm, 90 mm, 110 mm, and 130 mm) of the trawl codend. The selectivity was analyzed using the SELECT model considering the fishing efficiency (split parameter) of each fishing gear in the comparative test fishing operation in the trawl and the maximum likelihood method for parameter estimation. A selectivity master curve was estimated for several mesh sizes using the extended-SELECT model. As a result of analyzing the selectivity for silver croaker based on the results of three times hauls for each experimental gear, it was found that the size of the fish caught increased as the size of the mesh size increased. When the selectivity for each mesh size analyzed by the SELECT model considering the split ratio was evaluated based on the size of the AIC value, the estimated split model was superior to the equal split model. Based on the master curve, the 50% selection length value was 2.893, which was estimated to be 136 mm based on the mesh size of 60 mm. In some selectivity models, there was a large deviance between observed and theoretical values due to the non-uniformity of the distribution of fished length classes. As a result, it is considered that appropriate sea trials and selectivity evaluation methods with high reliability should be applied to present trawl fishery resource management methods.

This study analyzes the importance and implementation of countermeasures to reduce safety accidents that may occur during fishing in coastal gillnet fishing. Safety accidents that may occur in coastal gillnet fishing were classified into 56 measurement items in six areas: slips and trips, contact with machinery, falls, struck by object, musculoskeletal symptoms, and electrical shock. 35 fishermen belonging to coastal gillnet associations in Tongyeong and Namhae were selected as samples, and the importance and implementation of the proposed measurement items were investigated in the field. In addition, the results were evaluated visually by IPA analysis. As a result of the analysis, the importance of struck by object was the highest, and the implementation of slips and trips was the highest. On the other hand, prevention of musculoskeletal damage was found to be the lowest in both importance and implementation. The area with the most significant difference in importance and implementation by the classified area for measurement items was struck by object, and the area with the minor difference was slips and trips. Among the measurement items, the importance is highly recognized, but there are items with low implementation. To improve their level of implementation, countermeasures such as continuous education, economic support, and structural change of fishing boats should be prepared; moreover, policy support activities for implementation should be carried out.

This paper is the result of a comparative analysis of crew members' workloads using the EMG and OWAS methods according to the fishing process before and after the improvement of the operating system of the experimental vessel, with the aim of improving operational efficiency and safety work of coastal improved stow net fishing vessels. The target crew members were three people with at least five years of experience on board the same fishing vessel as the experimental vessel. After improving the operating system, such as installing a power block crane and two capstans, change the location of the ball-roller, the time required for setting and hauling work decreased (p < .01), and the evaluation results by OWAS showed that the overall workload for setting and hauling net work decreased. The results of muscle activity analysis showed a decrease in lashing anchor work (p < .01) in the case of hauling net and in anchor dropping work in the case of setting net (p < .001). It is judged that the use of ball rollers in net handling has been reduced; consequently, work safety has been improved.

본 연구의 목적은 조업기인 어업쓰레기 발생(추정)량에 대한 어업 및 해양환경 정책의 범주별 차이를 비교하고, 독립변수와 종 속변수의 상관성을 분석하는 것이다. 독립변수는 세 가지로 구분되는데, 사전 예방정책, 현행 관리정책, 사후 대응정책이다. 사전 예방정 책에는 친환경어업 지원사업, 제도적 예방활동, 물리적 차단 시설 설치가 있다. 현행 관리정책에는 관련 선박 운영, 어업질서 확립, 어업 구조조정, 어장환경 개선이 해당된다. 사후 대응정책에는 하천~해안변 쓰레기 정화, 해양·침적·부유쓰레기 수거, 조업 중 인양쓰레기 수 매, 어업관련 폐기물 처리, 해양쓰레기 피해복구가 포함된다. 측정지표는 각 사업별 결산액이다. 종속변수는 조업으로 인한 어업쓰레기 발생 추정량이고, 측정지표는 연안 통발 및 자망과 그 부속어구 유실량의 합이다. 평균순위 차이 검증결과 어업쓰레기 발생 추정량은 해 역별로는 동해안이 가장 높게 나타났고, 기초자치단체별로는 시 지역이 가장 높게 나타났다. 해양환경 관련 결산액은 군 지역에서 가장 많이 투입하고 있었고, 대부분의 변수에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 어업쓰레기 발생 추정량과 관련있는 변수는 사후 정책 중 조업 중 인 양쓰레기 수매 사업과 폐기물 처리 지원 사업이었다.

This study analyzed the allocation of the skipper’s attention during fishing operation in the wheelhouse of a Korean coastal composite fishing vessel by using video observation. To summarize the results, the ratio of lookout, radar and GPS monitoring, which is essential for prevention of collision at sea, was significantly lower than that of other fishing operation due to the attention concentration on the work place during hauling line. In order to reduce exposure to risk of collisions due to concentration of attention to certain tasks such as line hauling, it is necessary to develop an alert system that can notify the approach of other ships or obstruction throughout the ship using information from radar or the automatic identification system. In addition, the order of attention allocation to devices and facilities obtained in this study is expected to be used as basic data for device or facility layout based on the principle of usage frequency in designing wheelhouse for coastal composite fishing vessels in the future.

연안통발 어민에 대한 설문조사 결과, 통발 투하 및 인양 중 로프 걸림에 따른 전도사고가 42.1 %로 가장 높았고, 갑판에서 미 끄러짐과 통발 권양장치의 신체 협착사고가 각각 21.1 %를 차지하였다. 또한 가장 위험한 작업은 전체 조사대상의 53.2 %가 통발 인양과 정을 들었고, 어종선별 33.8 %, 통발 투하 9.1 % 순으로 응답하였다. 어민들은 통발 권양장치의 주요 개선 요구사항으로 응답자의 36.8 %와 31.6 %가 통발을 수중에서 작업갑판까지 수월하게 인양하는 방안과 통발 인양 시 로프 장력 극복과 슬립 방지 등 사고저감 방안을 언급하 였다. 본 연구에서 소형 통발어선 권양장치는 구동롤러와 로프 간의 적정한 접촉각을 통해 로프의 접촉면적과 마찰계수를 증가시킴으로 써 권양력을 높이는 것이다. 구동롤러와 로프 간의 접촉각이 1°, 5°, 9°, 14° 및 19°일 때 로프 장력은 각각의 접촉각에 따라 차이를 보였으 며, 9°일 때 가장 높은 392.62 kgf까지 측정되었다. 이러한 실험결과를 반영하여 시제품 권양장치를 제작하고 총 길이가 100 m인 로프에 4 m 간격으로 총 25개의 통발을 해상에 설치한 후 인양에 따른 로프 장력을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 로프 장력은 통발 인양작업 초기에 급격히 증가하여 가장 높은 31.89 kgf로 측정되었으며, 이후에는 크게 낮아졌다. 따라서 소형 통발어선 권양장치의 권양력은 인양작업 초기에 부 여되는 최대 로프 장력 값을 기준으로 설계하는 것이 타당하다.

The fishery compensation by marine spatial planning such as routeing of ships and offshore wind farms is required objective data on whether fishing vessels are engaged in a target area. There has still been no research that calculated the number of fishing operation days scientifically. This study proposes a novel method for calculating the number of fishing operation days using the fishing trajectory data when investigating fishery compensation in marine spatial planning areas. It was calculated by multiplying the average reporting interval of trajectory data, the number of collected data, the status weighting factor, and the weighting factor for fishery compensation according to the location of each fishing vessel. In particular, the number of fishing operation days for the compensation of driftnet fishery was considered the daily average number of large vessels from the port and the fishery loss hours for avoiding collisions with them. The target area for applying the proposed method is the routeing area of ships of Jeju outer port. The yearly average fishing operation days were calculated from three years of data from 2017 to 2019. As a result of the study, the yearly average fishing operation days for the compensation of each fishing village fraternity varied from 0.0 to 39.0 days. The proposed method can be used for fishery compensation as an objective indicator in various marine spatial planning areas.

In order to understand basic data for improving the fishing system and fishing vessel structure in coastal improved stow net fishery, a questionnaire survey and on-site hearing were conducted from May 10 to June 11, 2019 to analyze opinions on the improvement of operation status and fishing vessel structure. The questionnaire survey consisted of ten questions on the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and six questions on the improvement of fishing vessel structure, and the results of each question were analyzed by the region, the captain’s age, the captain’s career and the age of fishing vessel. As a result of analyzing opinions on the operation status of the coastal improved stow net fishery, it was found that the average time required for casting net was 32.8 to 33.0 minutes and that the average time required for hauling net was 41.0 to 42.2 minutes which took 10 to 12 minutes more than for casting net. The most important work requiring improvement during fishing operation (the first priority) were ‘hauling net operation,’ ‘readjustment and storage of fishing gear,’ and ‘fish handling’ and the hardest factor in fishing management were in the order of ‘reduction of catch,’ ‘labor shortage’ and ‘rising labor costs.’ The most institutional improvement that is most needed in coastal improved stow net fishery was an ‘using fine mesh nets.’ Most of the respondent to the questions on the experience in hiring foreign crews was ‘either hiring or willing to hire foreign crews,’ and the average number of foreign crews employed was found to be 2.3 to 2.4 persons. The most important reason for hiring (or considering employment) foreign crews was ‘high labor costs.’ The degree of communication with foreign crews during fishing operation were ‘moderate’ or ‘difficult to direct work.’ The most important problem in hiring foreign crews (the first priority) was an ‘illegal departure.’ As the survey results on the opinion of structural improvement of coastal improved stow net fishing vessel, the degree of satisfaction with fishing vessel structure related to fishing operation was found to be somewhat unsatisfactory, with an average of 3.3 points on a five-point scale. The inconvenient structure of fishing vessel in possession (the first priority), the space needed most for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first priority) and the space considered important for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first prioprity) was a ‘fish warehouse.’ The most preferred equipment for the construction of new fishing vessel were ‘engine operation monitoring’ and ‘navigation safety devices.’ The average size (tonnage class), the average horse power and the average total length of fishing vessel for proper profit and safety fishing operation was between 13.8 and 14.0 tonnes, 808.3 to 819.5 H.P. and 23.4 to 23.5 meters, respectively. The results of the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and the requirement for improving the fishing vessel structure are expected to be provided as basic data for reference when we build or improve the fishing vessel.

In this study, factors such as improvement of a fishing process and safety, reduction of the labor force and headcount and development of the automation technology for offshore (eel and crab) pot fishing vessels were analyzed. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze and select the key factors using independent/paired sample t-test and correlation analysis, and a living lab was operated with ship owners, skippers and experts to discuss practical needs of the site. From the result of questionnaire survey and field requirements, it was possible to understand the level of awareness of ship safety, general safety equipment, fishing work process and fishing safety equipment from the point of view of the field. In addition, there were differences in the measurement results of each items because the working environment and experience were different according to the position of the ship owner and the skipper. The results of the questionnaire survey and various perceptions of field stakeholders were reflected when analyzing the fishing system and fishing process to choose the development equipment applicable to the field. From the analysis results, the selected development equipment based on the fishing equipment and process currently in operation are pot washing device, catch separation and fish hold injection device, length limit regulations and bait ejection device after use, automatic main line winding device, bait crusher, automatic (crab) pot hauling separator and so on.

Interviews and boarding surveys were conducted in order to understand the actual usage of octopus pot in the coastal composite fishery in Jeollanam-do. According to the results of the interviews conduced by visiting the areas (Goheung, Yeosu and Wando), the number of octopus pots per nine-ton vessel were 30,000-80,000, and the number of daily usage pots were 7,000-10,000. The number of octopus pots per four-ton vessel was 40,000, and the number of daily usage pots were 4,000. As a result of the survey on two octopus pot fishing boats (9.77-ton and 4.99-ton) in Yeosu area, the daily catch weight of 9-ton class vessel was the minimum of 66.9 kg and the maximum of 159.6 kg. The daily catch weight of the four-ton class fishing vessel was from 31.3 kg to maximum 85.6 kg. The average number of octopus pot used per day in the nine-ton class vessel was 6,821 (the minimum of 6,031 and the maximum of 7,697) and 3,181 (the minimum of 2,282 and the maximum of 3,878) in the four-ton class vessel.

The research was analyzed the catch data of the five years (2016-2020) for six joint venture company tuna purse seiners in the Atlantic Ocean, with the aim of suggesting improvement measures for responsible and sustainable fishing according to changes of recommendation by International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) on the tropical tunas. In the last five years, the average catch of six tuna purse seiner gradually increased to 7,745 tons, 8,364 tons and 9,053 tons from 2016 to 2018, but decreased to 7,761 tons in 2019 and 6,214 tons in 2020. The reason for the decrease in fishing volume in 2019 and 2020 was the fluctuation of the formation of the cold water zone (22-23℃), and the total ICCAT convention area of FAD closure in January and February due to the expansion of the FAD closure area and poor free school catching during two months period, respectively. The analysis on fishing area showed that the percentage of fishing in the high sea was about 85% although the FAD closure area included the EEZ zone in coastal countries; the rise of the fishing license in coastal countries is also believed to be a factor. In order to overcome such situations and improve catching volume, it will be possible if excellent manpower is secured, school fishing is expanded, and the production of high value-added catch (purse seine special: PS).