In order to understand the MR fluid flow in the MR damper core, the annular orifice path was simplified into a square channel and the electromagnetic flow was analyzed. For this purpose, the CFD-ACE+ program was used. The temperature and magnetic field of the MR fluid were based on room temperature and orifice wall data, and 2-D steady incompressible laminar flow was assumed. The inlet and outlet of the orifice channel are at atmospheric pressure, and the inflow velocity of the MR fluid is 0.1 m/s. After analyzing the magnetic field of the core, which is a simple model of the 1 stage MR damper, the electromagnetic flow analysis of the MR fluid flowing through the orifice channel was performed. From this, the magnetic field of the orifice channel and the electromagnetic flow of the MR fluid were observed. As the magnetic flux density increased, the flow distribution and velocity of the MR fluid in the channel core changed significantly.

본 연구는 뇌 DWI에서 딥러닝 적용 시 48채널과 8채널 헤드 코일 간 영상 품질의 차이를 분석하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 3.0T MRI를 사용하여 두 종류의 코일을 비교하였으며, 딥러닝 알고리즘의 효과를 확인하기 위해 SNR(신호 대 잡음비), ADC(겉보기 확산 계수), SSIM(구조적 유사성 지수)을 측정하였습니다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 딥러닝 적용 후 b-value에 따른 두 코일 간의 차이가 나타났다. 특히 b-value 0 및 1000에서는 딥러닝 적용 전후에 두 코일 간 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었지만, b-value 3000에서는 적용 전후 모두에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. SSIM 분석에서도 딥러닝 적용 전후 차이는 없었으나, b-value에 따른 차이가 측정되었습니다. 이러한 차이는 영상 판독에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 이를 개선하기 위해서는 딥러닝 알고리즘이 부위별, 코일별, 펄스 시퀀스별로 최적화 될 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 향후 딥러닝 기반 MRI 영상의 정확도와 일관성을 높이기 위한 기초 정보를 제공 하며, 임상적 적용에서 부위별, 수신 코일별, 펄스 시퀀스별로 세분된 딥러닝의 최적화가 필요하다.

In this study, based on previous research on personal broadcasting, we indirectly measured content quality, YouTuber attributes, user satisfaction, and behavioral intention, which are latent variables that cannot be directly measured, as measurement variables, and then measured theoretically between the latent variables. In order to analyze the causal relationship, we used a structural equation model to determine to what extent the content quality of the YouTube mukbang channel and the YouTuber's attributes influence behavioral intentions such as purchase, recommendation, and continued use according to viewers' satisfaction with use. We intend to analyze and verify the relationship between related variables. The research results are as follows. First, the value, relevance, timeliness, completeness, and data quantity of content quality were found to have no significant impact on user satisfaction. Second, the trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness, and intimacy of YouTuber attributes were found to have a significant impact on user satisfaction, but the similarity of YouTuber attributes did not have a significant impact on usage. Third, user satisfaction was found to have a significant impact on behavioral intentions and purchase intentions. However, user satisfaction was not found to have a direct significant impact on recommendation intentions or continued usage intentions.

Until now, research on consumers’ purchasing behavior has primarily focused on psychological aspects or depended on consumer surveys. However, there may be a gap between consumers’ self-reported perceptions and their observable actions. In response, this study aimed to investigate consumer purchasing behavior utilizing a big data approach. To this end, this study investigated the purchasing patterns of fashion items, both online and in retail stores, from a data-driven perspective. We also investigated whether individual consumers switched between online websites and retail establishments for making purchases. Data on 516,474 purchases were obtained from fashion companies. We used association rule analysis and K-means clustering to identify purchase patterns that were influenced by customer loyalty. Furthermore, sequential pattern analysis was applied to investigate the usage patterns of online and offline channels by consumers. The results showed that high-loyalty consumers mainly purchased infrequently bought items in the brand line, as well as high-priced items, and that these purchase patterns were similar both online and in stores. In contrast, the low-loyalty group showed different purchasing behaviors for online versus in-store purchases. In physical environments, the low-loyalty consumers tended to purchase less popular or more expensive items from the brand line, whereas in online environments, their purchases centered around items with relatively high sales volumes. Finally, we found that both high and low loyalty groups exclusively used a single preferred channel, either online or in-store. The findings help companies better understand consumer purchase patterns and build future marketing strategies around items with high brand centrality.

PURPOSES : The objectives of this study are to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks using the multi-channel ground penetrating radar (GPR) testing and compare the value of its dielectric constant value with actual concrete condition. METHODS : The reflection coefficient method was used to measure the dielectric properties of concrete bridge decks. Air-coupled step-frequency GPR testing was used to measure the time taken for reflection from the interfaces between the layers. Specimens of the asphalt mixture and concrete bridge-deck were collected by field coring. GPR testing was conducted on two bridges with different concrete bridge deck conditions on national highways. After the GPR tests, the actual conditions of the concrete bridge deck were investigated using specimen coring. RESULTS : GPR testing indicated that the dielectric constants of concrete bridge decks in good condition ranged from 8 to 10, whereas those corresponding to poor condition ranged from 4 to 6. The results of GPR testing can determine the actual condition and degree of distress of concrete bridge decks determined from the specimen coring data. Therefore, GPR testing is appropriate for nondestructively evaluating the condition of a concrete bridge deck. CONCLUSIONS : The analysis results of the dielectric constants of the concrete bridge deck obtained from multichannel GPR testing were consistent with the actual bridge deck conditions. In the near future, an additional verification process for this approach under different bridge conditions will be required to improve its precision and ensure reliability.

아날로그TV 방송 시대에는 Mono/Stereo 오디오 방송과 음 성다중방송이 있었고, 디지털HDTV 방송 시대에는 Dolby AC-3 기술에 의한 5.1채널 입체오디오 방송이 추가 서비스로 이루어졌다. 지금의 4K-UHDTV 방송 시대에는 채널기반 오디 오(Channel-Based Audio) 7.1.4채널 입체오디오 방송을 비롯하 여 객체기반 오디오(Object-Based Audio) 기본방송 및 편파방 송과 해설방송 등 유저의 선택과 맞춤형 방송이 가능하고, 장 면기반 오디오(Scene-Based Audio) 몰입형 공간수음효과 3D 입체음향 방송 등이 MPEG-H 기술에 의해 활용될 수 있다. 본 논문은 국내 UHDTV 방송 전송방식(ATSC 3.0)과 함께 Audio 규격으로 규정된 MPEG-H 기술 응용에 대한 실험을 통 해 오디오 서비스 개발의 가능성을 연구하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이러한 연구를 위해 ‘2022 카타르월드컵’ 기간 중 카타르와 SBS 간 전송링크 구간의 국제신호(IS) 현장음 및 SBS 아나운 서와 해설자 음성 전송용 음향채널 오디오를 소스로 사용하였 으며, 객체기반의 기본, 해설, 현장, 집중 4가지 오디오 모드를 구성하여 SBSi 채널을 통해 모바일 스트리밍 전송을 하였다. 그리고 수신은 SBS 모바일 앱에 Decoder를 설치하여 유저의 음향모드 선택과 활용 및 향후 MPEG-H 기술에 의한 다양한 형태의 오디오 서비스 개발의 가능성을 실험하였다.

This research not only determined the preference of fashion brand distribution channels of active Korean and Chinese seniors who became major consumers in the fashion industry, but also analyzed the effect on these preferences and choices of distribution channels depending on personal consumption characteristics and differences between the two groups. Data was collected by a professional survey firm. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for empirical analysis, and frequency analysis, multiple response analysis, EFA, reliability analysis, CFA, SEM, and multiple-group comparison analysis were performed. As a result of multiple response analysis, the offline channel was revealed as the preferred fashion distribution channel for active Korean and Chinese seniors; the second most popular was the online channel. The results of multiple-group comparison analysis reveal differences between two groups in seeking emotional consumption via the offline channel; the effect was only evident for active Korean seniors. A difference in seeking emotional consumption via preference for online channel also existed, but only for active Chinese seniors. For these reasons, marketers targeting active Korean seniors will be effective to not only offer brand information by fashion display to let seniors understand the fashion brand, but also to have brand events to form positive emotions toward the fashion brand. Moreover, targeting active Chinese seniors will be necessary to transmit brand sensibility by utilizing metaverse marketing comprising various factors, so that consumers can enjoy the fashion brand.

Recently in Korea, YouTube stock channels increased rapidly due to the high social interest in the stock market during the COVID-19 period. Accordingly, the role of new media channels such as YouTube is attracting attention in the process of generating and disseminating market information. Nevertheless, prior studies on the market forecasting power of YouTube stock channels remain insignificant. In this study, the market forecasting power of the information from the YouTube stock channel was examined and compared with traditional news media. To measure information from each YouTube stock channel and news media, positive and negative opinions were extracted. As a result of the analysis, opinion in channels operated by media outlets were found to be leading indicators of KOSPI market returns among YouTube stock channels. The prediction accuracy by using logistic regression model show 74%. On the other hand, Sampro TV, a popular YouTube stock channel, and the traditional news media simply reported the market situation of the day or instead showed a tendency to lag behind the market. This study is differentiated from previous studies in that it verified the market predictive power of the information provided by the YouTube stock channel, which has recently shown a growing trend in Korea. In the future, the results of advanced analysis can be confirmed by expanding the research results for individual stocks.

The purpose of this study is to reveal and compare the differences in the types and characteristics of purchase channel journeys of MZ generation consumers. In this study a survey was conducted on the purchase channel journey of 20 women in the MZ generation using the ethnographic method of in-depth interviews and observations. As a result, three purchase channel journeys were identified: mobile, multi-channel, and offline. These were variously subdivided according to the characteristics of the MZ generations. Gen Z’s journey was categorized into types: fashion platform app, Youtube, multi-channel supplement, multi-channel non-planned store visit, offline loyalty store, and impulsive offline store. Gen M’s journey was categorized as: an online community bond, portal site, online loyalty store, multi-channel brand involvement, multi-channel efficiency, a multi-channel conversion, offline efficiency and offline task. The difference in mobile journey between generations was found in the time and length of the purchase. Gen M recognized both online and offline search processes to be tiring, while Gen Z enjoyed the search process using the online path. In the offline journey Gen Z began with their own intention to purchase, while Gen M sometimes recognized that purchasing fashion products necessary for work was a cumbersome task.

The development of ICT technology has created new channels for product sales and promotion, which not only make information accessible to customers as easy as possible, but also provide consumers with much more absolute and comparative information. Modern consumers are exposed so many shopping channels currently, especially mobile-based channels have grown significantly and have become the center of the market. It is true that mobile shopping has led the growth of overall online shopping with the recent development of mobile devices such as smartphones and related software. The importance of strengthening corporate competitiveness and mobile-based management strategies through on line channels continues to increase. At this point, this study attempted to investigate the influencing factors by focusing on the entire distribution channel and mobile shopping channels. As most of previous studies were focused on Internet shopping malls or specific channels, So the research on mobile channels can be judged to be timely and appropriate. Furthermore, it can be said that mobile shopping channels are now presenting empirical implications. In conclusion, it provides practical implications to examine the management strategy of mobile shopping channels from the perspective of consumer value.

The purpose of this study is to analyze information about dietary information presented in the television broadcast media in order to determine the optimal communication method that will provide desirable information to the general public. To that end, stakeholders were recruited and trained before and during the study. Three airwaves broadcasters and four comprehensive programming channels were monitored for Three months. The results are as follows. In total 172 food and nutrition programs are reported on. As information from the monitored programs was investigated, results showed a frequency of 136 separate informative programs (79.1%) and 36 entertainment programs (20.9%). Second, the broadcasters included are KBS, MBC, SBS, while the channels are TV Chosun, JTBC, Channel A, and MBN. Third, 109 reports (63.3%) were about ingredients & cuisine, followed by 63 reports (36.7%) on health and diet. This research provides transitional knowledge regarding the correlation between dietary information and the media. Moreover, this research contributes to advocating public health by enhancing the quality from broadcast media about dietary information.

본 연구는 피레스로이드계 살충제인 퍼메트린이 Heliothis virescens의 중추신경세포의 나트륨채널에 어떻게 작용하는 가를 전기생리학적으 로 관찰하였다. 퍼메트린은 나트륨채널의 꼬리전류(INa-tail)를 지속적으로 증가시켰으며 이러한 비정상적인 나트륨 전류증가가 나방류의 신경계에 과도한 흥분을 일으겨 살충작용을 하는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 살충작용은 전갈독과 함께 사용했을때 약 8배의 증가가 있었음을 확인하였다. 전 갈독이 살충제의 독성을 강화하는 분자생리학적 기전연구가 계속되면 해충방제에 많은 기여를 할 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to examine children's YouTube contents that intensively show the characteristics of a promotional society from the perspective of critical discourse studies. This starts to view of the concept of discourse as ‘use of language in a social context’. Discourse can be approached in terms of texts, discourse practices, and sociocultural practices. And the analysis was carried out within the dialectical relationship of these three dimensions. Children's YouTube discourse superficially pursues an entertainment genre, but has the characteristics of an advertising genre. The discourse practice of YouTube text makes it natural to watch a commercial presented before watching main contents. In addition, it commercializes play activities between parents and children in the home domain. Representing ‘play’ and ‘home’ at the text level as excessively abundant goods is related to ‘discourse on happiness through material’. In terms of discourse practices, the value of the play activities of parents and children as media products, and the guarantee of (advertising) viewing act for consumption of these texts, is based on the characteristics of the promotion and consumption society. Capturing the ideology of fetishism that penetrates these three dimensions contributes to the recognition of the act of watching as labor.

In this study, a rocking behavior experiment using a guide plate and a guide channel to prevent lateral deformation of a steel damper was planned. For this purpose, strut I-type specimen I-1 and strut S-type specimen S-1 were prepared. The experimental results were compared with the existing experimental results of SI-260 and SS-260 under the same conditions without the details of lateral deformation prevention in order to evaluate the effect of preventing lateral deformation. The damper with lateral deformation prevention detail was evaluated to have superior strength capacity, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity than the damper without it. Therefore, the lateral deformation prevention detail was evaluated to have a good effect in improving the design capability of the steel damper.

다채널 소매상은 전자상거래의 발전에 의거하여 점차 형성되었다. 정보기술의 발전이 점차 다채널 소매상의 온라인 및 오프라인의 통합 마케팅에 관심을 가지게 된다. 이 과정에서 다채널소매상은 온라인 및 오프라인의 통합, 마케팅 및 정가 등 문제에 직면한다. 본문은 4Ps 마케팅 이론 및 구조방식 모델 구축에 근거하여 다채널 소매상의 오프라인 및 온라인 협동마케팅에 영향을 미치는 원인을 출발점으로 삼아, 제품·가격·마케 팅과 서비스가 온라인 및 오프라인 합동마케팅에 대한 영향을 상세하게 분석하여, 상대적으로 합리적인 마케팅전략을 세워야한다. 4개요소 중 영향이 제일 큰 게 가격이고 그 다음은 제품· 세일과 서비스이다. 제품의 품질이 높으면 높을수록 가격도 높아지고, 세일마케팅이 어느 정도는 소비자의 구매를 촉진시킬 수 있으며, 서비스도 소비자의 구매의향을 어느정도 증가시킬 수 있다. 그러므로 다채널 소매상이 온라인 및 오프라인 마케팅전략을 세울 시 합동 마케팅을 견지하고 제품품질과 가격선 정 전략을 방향으로 하되 세일과 서비스는 보조로 진행하여 소비자의 구매의향을 높여야 한다. 본문의 연구방법과 연구결과는 다채널 소매상의 온라인 및 오프라인 마케팅 전략연구에 방법 참고와 이론 근거를 제공한다. 동종업자 기업이 마케팅전략을 세우는데 참고가 되었으면 하는 바램으로 동종업자의 양성 발전에 촉진시키는데 도움이 되기를 바란다.

KAERI has planned to carry out a series of dynamic tests using a shaking table and time-history analyses for a channel-type concrete shear wall to investigate its seismic performance because of the recently frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the south-eastern parts of Korea. The overall size of a test specimen is ×× 2500 mm×3500 mm×4500 mm, and it consists of three stories having slabs and walls with thicknesses of 140 mm and 150 mm, respectively. The system identification, FE model updating, and time-history analysis results for a test shear wall are presented herein. By applying the advanced system identification, so-called pLSCF, the improved modal parameters are extracted in the lower modes. Using three FE in-house packages, such as FEMtools, Ruaumoko, and VecTor4, the eigenanalyses are made for an initial FE model, resulting in consistency in eigenvalues. However, they exhibit relatively stiffer behavior, as much as 30 to 50% compared with those extracted from the test in the 1st and 2nd modes. The FE model updating is carried out to consider the 6-dofs spring stiffnesses at the wall base as major parameters by adopting a Bayesian type automatic updating algorithm to minimize the residuals in modal parameters. The updating results indicate that the highest sensitivity is apparent in the vertical translational springs at few locations ranging from 300 to 500% in variation. However, their changes seem to have no physical meaning because of the numerical values. Finally, using the updated FE model, the time-history responses are predicted by Ruaumoko at each floor where accelerometers are located. The accelerograms between test and analysis show an acceptable match in terms of maximum and minimum values. However, the magnitudes and patterns of floor response spectra seem somewhat different because of the slightly different input accelerograms and damping ratios involved.