This study deals with the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict power consumption for utilizing seawater source heat pumps of recirculating aquaculture system. An integrated dynamic simulation model was constructed using the TRNSYS program to obtain input and output data for the ANN model to predict the power consumption of the recirculating aquaculture system with a heat pump system. Data obtained from the TRNSYS program were analyzed using linear regression, and converted into optimal data necessary for the ANN model through normalization. To optimize the ANN-based power consumption prediction model, the hyper parameters of ANN were determined using the Bayesian optimization. ANN simulation results showed that ANN models with optimized hyper parameters exhibited acceptably high predictive accuracy conforming to ASHRAE standards.

This study deals with the maximum thermal load analysis and optimal capacity determination method of tank culture system for applying seawater source heat pump to save energy and realize zero energy. The location of the fish farm was divided into four sea areas, and the heat load in summer and winter was analyzed, respectively. In addition, two representative methods, the flow-through aquaculture system and the recirculation aquaculture system were reviewed as water treatment methods for fish farms. In addition, the concept of the exchange rate was introduced to obtain the maximum heat load of the fish farms. Finally, power consumption for heat pumps was analyzed in the view point of sea areas, tank capacity, and exchange rate based on the calculated maximum thermal load.

Failure to comply with the performance test requirements for the centrifugal pumps at power plants often results in performance dissatisfaction as a result of field tests. This study proposed a method of reducing the uncertainty of the field test results by evaluating the systematic error in the measurement system caused by failure to follow the test requirements using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) technique. As a result of the evaluation of the systematic error and reflecting it in the performance test data, it was confirmed that the error occurred at a constant rate with respect to the flowrate and that the pump, which showed a difference in performance actually had the same performance.

In this study, the cooling and heating amount, temperature, flow rate of turbine type heat meter for water source heat-pump system were experimentally investigated at the standard operating conditions. The obtained cooling and heating capacity from the heat meter were deviated within 5.0%, 3.8% comparing with the precise values calculated from an accredited test facility. Even though the accumulated cooling and heating amount values of the heat meter had a small difference comparing with the precise values, the temperatures of heat meter showed greatly different values comparing with the precise temperature. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop the heat meter which is appropriate for the water source heat pump systems.

The drinking water supply system applicable to the laying hen consists of air-water heat pumps, drinking water tanks, heat stroage tank, circulation pumps, PE pipes, nipples, and control panels. When the heat pump system has power of 7.7 to 8.7 kW per hour, the performance coefficient is between 3.1 and 3.5. The supply temperature from the heat pump to the heat stroage tank was stabilized at about 12±1°C, but the return temperature showed a variation of from 8 to 14°C. Stratified temperature in the storage tank appeared at 12.°C, 13.5°C and 14.4°C, respectively. The drinking water supply temperature remained set at 15°C and 25°C, and the conventional tap water showed a variation for 23°C to 30°C. As chickens grow older, the amount of food intake and drinking water increased. y = -0.0563x2 + 4.7383x + 8.743, R2 = 0.98 and the feed intake showed y = -0.1013x2 + 8.5611x. In the future, further studies will need to figure out the cooling effect on heat stress of livestock.

쓰레기 소각장이나 산업체의 폐열을 농업에 활용한 사례는 몇몇 있었다. 그러나 온배수를 농업에 활용한 사례는 전무하였으며, 치어, 종패 등을 양식하는 수산업이 대부분이었다. 본 연구에서는 화력발전소의 온배수(폐열)를 열원으로 이용하는 120 RT 규모의 냉난방시스템을 제주특별자치도 서귀포시 안덕면 소재의 5,280m2 아열대 작물(망고) 재배 온실에 설치, 10월에서 다음해 2월까지 약 5개월 동안 난방을 실시하여 난방에너지 비용 절감 효과 등 분석하였다. 난방에너지 비용 절감효과는 면세경유에 대하여 87%이였으며, 또한 발전소의 온배수를 에너지원으로 재활용함으로 서 62%의 이산화탄소 배출 저감 효과를 얻었다. 본 연구를 계기로 2015년에 해수가 수열에너지 분야로 재생에너지에 포함되었다. 해수의 표층의 열을 히트펌프를 사용하여 변환시켜 얻은 에너지라는 수열에너지 분야의 기준과 범위를 볼 때, 이는 온배수가 재생에너지에 포함되었다고 말해도 과언이 아닐 것으로 사료된다. 그 이유는 온배수도 해수임에도 불구하고 온도가 일반 해수 보다 7~8oC 높아, 일반 해수를 히트펌프의 열원으로 이용하는 것보다 온배수를 열원으로 이용했을 때 히트펌프의 성능이 높기 때문이다. 또한 같은 해 농식품부의 폐열 재이용 시설 지원 사업이 발표되어, 발전소 온배수뿐만 아니라 산업체와 소각장의 폐열을 농업에 활용하면 지원을 받을 수 있게 되었다. 이 사업에 의하여 2015년 당진시, 하동군, 제주시, 곡성군이 선정되었으며, 2016년 태안군, 서귀포시 등이 선정되어, 2016년 말 곡성군과 제주시가 공사를 완료, 농업에 폐열을 활용하고 있으며(제주시는 발전소, 곡성군은 산업체 폐열을 이용하고 있음), 기타 지역은 추진 중이다.

The aim of these studies are to provide a basic data for the development of high-efficiency environmental improvement system that can parallel the cage(henhouse) and hot and cold potable water supply for increased summer heat stress relief and winter feed efficiency by optimal design. The cage area is 273m2. The air-to-water heat pump with 20RT capacity was used for heating and cooling. The control was used as an electric hot water boiler. For calculating heating load determined the cage size, materials, heat pump capacity, heating capacity, heat storage tank, and drinking water tank capacity etc. Therefore the capacity of heat pump was set-up using 20RT. The cage was built as a prefabricated panels henhouse of 13×21×4.5 m (width×depth×height). The heat storage tank and was drinking water tank capacity was constructed 3tons and 10 tons, respectively. In future, it is thought that optimal design considering the cage size and hen breeding scale is required.

The development of a high pressure cleaning system is needed to properly clean cargo hold and improve the working environment of a ship. For this, the study on the parameters related to the suitable capacity of a pressure pump should be preceded.

본 연구에서는 농가현장에 보급되어 있는 350kW (175kW × 2대)급 수직형 지열히트펌프시스템으로 1,650m2 면적의 육묘온실에 2011년 6월 7일부터 9월 18일까지 냉방실험을 수행하여 냉방성능을 분석하고, 농가현장에서 지열히트펌프를 가동함에 있어 보다 효과적인 운용방법을 고려해보고자 하였다. 증발기측 물 온도차는 증발기 입구 물온도가 26.4℃에서 17.1℃로 변할 때 최대 1.7℃, 최소 0.9℃ 차이(평균 1.3℃)를 보였으며, 증발기 입구 물온도가 16.6℃에서 13.1℃로 변할 때 최대 1.1℃, 최소 0.8℃(0.9℃) 차이를 보였다. 히트펌프를 1대(175kW × 1대) 가동하는 경우, 증발기 입구에 유입되는 물온도 13.0~15.5℃(응축기 입구에 유입되는 물온도 19.4~21.2℃) 범위에서 냉방성능계수는 1.1~1.8, 발생한 냉방열량은 68.2~106.8kW, 소비전력은 61.0kW, 히트펌프를 2대(175kW × 2대) 가동하는 경우, 증발기 입구 물온도 10.0~13.0℃(응축기 입구에 유입되는 물온도 18.5~22.2℃) 범위에서 냉방성능계수는 2.0~2.7, 냉방열량은 203.9~262.0kW, 소비전력은 95~98kW 이었다. 6월의 누적 냉방열량은 14,718.6kWh(12,657,996kcal), 누적소비전력은 6,352.0kWh이었으며, 7월은 각각 26,765.1, 11,600.0kWh, 8월은 각각 28,437.2, 12,508.0kWh, 9월은 10,065.0, 5,125.0kWh로 8월이 가장 큰 냉방열량을 나타내었다.

본 연구에서는 화력발전소에서 온배수의 형태로 배출되는 폐열을 히트펌프의 열원으로 이용하여 온실의 난방에 활용할 수 있는 히트펌프 시스템을 설계 제작하였으며, 난방 성능을 분석하여 PE 파이프 열교환기의 설계기준을 제시하고자 하였다. PE 파이프 열교환기의 내경은 20mm, 두께는 2mm였으며, Roll의 직경은 1,000mm로 하였다. 연구결과 PE파이프 열교환기의 적정 길이는 1.0RT당 75m로 설계하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었으며, 이때 히트펌프시스템의 난방성능계수(COPh)는 3.8로 나타났다.

This paper shows scheduling methods to utilize heat pump systems as demand response resources in the smart grid environment. The heat pump system has a partial thermal storage tank which could be used at any time according to the consumer behavior based on the real time electricity tariff system. Some scheduling methods are proposed and an optimization basis is established considering areas, insulation conditions, heating set temperature, minimum heating maintaining period of thermal storage, maximum size of tank, etc.

In the study, space cooling performance of air source heat pump(ASHP) was evaluated in a pilot house. The ASHP, which provide for floor heating, domestic water heating and space cooling/heating, shows cooling capacity of 14.0 kW, when COP of ASHP was 3.21 based on test performance of KS C 9306. Test results shows that cooling capacity was depended on frequency of the compressor. The variable refrigerant flow rate for cooling were supplied into diverse room by using LEV. The COP at setting room temperature of 26℃ was 6.3% higher than the COP at that of 24℃, when the spending time in operation was decreased as 21.2%.

In this study, the economic efficiency of ground source heat pump systems were analyzed by comparing with the performance of a conventional system which applied to an air-conditioner for cooling and a boiler for heating. The economic assessment was carried out by the method of life cycle cost and payback period. As a result, the operation cost of the ground source heat pump system was reduced by 18% for cooling and 50% for heating throughout the year. The ratio of life operation cost to life cycle cost increased with the increase of the system capacity. In addition, the payback period was analyzed less than 5 years when the capacity of the ground source heat pump system was more than 10 RT.

Ground source heat pumps are clean, energy-efficient and environment-friendly systems. Although the initial cost of ground source heat pump system is higher than that of air source heat pump, it is now widely accepted as an economical system since the installation cost can be returned within an short period of time due to its high efficiency. In the present study, performances of ground source compound hybrid heat pump system applied to a resort building are simulated. The system design and operation process appropriate for the surrounding circumstance guarantee the high benefit of the heat pump system applied to a resort building. If among several renewable energy sources, ground, river, sea, waste water source are chosen as available alternative energies are combined, COP of the system can be increased largely and hybrid heat pump system can reduced the fuel cost.

The performance of a heat pump using river water as a heat source was compared with that of a conventional air-conditioner for cooling and a boiler system for heating. The heat pump system using river water considered the 1-stage cycle for cooling and the 2-stage cycle for heating. The COPs of the river water source heat pump were 0.5-1.1 higher than those of the conventional system in the cooling season. The LCC of the river water source heat pump system was lower 13.5% and 32.4% than that of the conventional system Ⅰand Ⅱ. In addition, when the initial cost ratios of the river water source heat pump system to the conventional system Ⅰand Ⅱ were less then 1.2 and 1.4, respectively, An acceptable payback was found to be less than 5 years.