이 연구는 한국어교육능력검정시험의 문법 영역 문항이 예비한국어 교 사가 갖추어야 할 문법 교육 역량을 평가하기에 타당한지를 비판적으로 고찰하고, 한국어교육능력검정시험 문법 영역 문항의 개선 방안을 구체 적으로 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 방법으로는 한국어교육능력 검정시험 제1회(2006년)-제18회(2023년)까지의 시험 문항에서 한국어 문 법 영역과 관련이 있는 한국어어휘・형태론, 한국어통사론, 한국어규범, 한국어문법교육론 과목 623개의 문항을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전체적 으로 이론적인 문법 지식을 묻는 문항으로 출제가 되는 경향이 많았다. 그렇지만 한국어 교사에게는 교실 현장에서 외국인 학생들에게 쉽고 재 미있게 가르칠 수 있는 ‘가르치기 위한 지식’이 중요하다. 그러므로 한국 어교육능력검정시험의 문법 영역에서도 예비한국어 교사들이 한국어 교 실 현장에서 실제적으로 접하게 될 교실 현장과 관련이 있는 문항으로 출제가 되어야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구가 예비한국어 교사의 한국 어 문법 교육 능력을 제대로 측정할 수 있는 한국어교육능력검정시험의 초석이 되기를 바란다.

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of Korean language ability on the effect of marriage immigrants’ safety education attitude on safety awareness. A survey was conducted on marriage immigrants living in the Daejeon and Chungcheong regions, and the responses of 109 people were used for the analysis. After controlling for gender, nationality, age, educational background, period of stay, region of residence, and presence or absence of safety accidents, the analysis was performed according to the step-by-step approach of Baron and Kenny(1986). In order to verify the statistical significance of the mediating effect of Korean proficiency, the Sobel test was conducted. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that marriage immigrants’ safety education attitude had a significant positive (+) effect on safety awareness, and Korean language ability had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between marriage immigrants’ safety education attitude and safety awareness.

The purpose of this study is to present a diagnostic evaluation tool that can more accurately determine the academic performance level in Korean language proficiency of foreign undergraduate students studying at domestic universities. The diagnostic evaluation diagnoses the academic Korean language proficiency of foreign undergraduates, and provides the diagnosis results to foreign undergraduates, professors, and university institutions so that teaching activities can be conducted efficiently. In this study, it was considered that the ‘Basic Academic Ability Diagnostic Test for the Korean Language Subject' was suitable as a test tool for diagnosing to diagnose the academic achievment of foreign undergraduates. This diagnostic test is a diagnostic tool designed for Korean students in Korea, and it not only continuously verifies its reliability and validity, but also includes background knowledge that Korean university students in Korea are basically acquiring. To prove that the 'Basic Academic Ability Diagnostic Test' is suitable as a diagnostic evaluation tool for foreign undergraduates, the correlation with the Korean language achievement evaluation was analyzed. The correlation between diagnostic evaluation and other items showed a significantly positive correlation. When the diagnostic evaluation score was good, the pre-test and post-test scores of Korean language proficiency, and the TOPIC level was also high. This result proves that the basic academic ability diagnostic test tool is very suitable as a diagnostic evaluation tool for foreign undergraduate students. Also, the analysis result of the pre- and post-tests and the TOPIK test showed a very significant and strong positive correlation with the post-test, and the higher the TOPIK grade, the higher the score of the pre‐test.

The purpose of this study is to provide data for effective immigration policy by investigating the factors that influence Korean citizen’s expectations for the Korean language proficiency of foreigners who seek Korean citizenship. The factors that influence these expectations are Korean citizen’s sense of national identity, multicultural receptivity, and preference for type of social integration. To summarize the results, first, Korean women showed stronger preferences for foreigners being required to demonstrate their Korean proficiency level when compared to their male counterparts. Second, there was a difference in multicultural receptivity of Korean citizens according to academic background, with higher education levels trending with higher rates of multicultural acceptance. Third, when the civic factor, a sub-factor of national identity perception, was high, the preference for foreigners to prove higher Korean language proficiency was also higher. Fourth, if multicultural receptivity was high, the preference for foreigners to demonstrate high levels of Korean language proficiency increased. Fifth, among social integration types, those who favored assimilationism reported significantly higher preferences for demonstration of Korean proficiency. Sixth, the level of Korean language proficiency expected of those who acquired Korean citizenship was 30% for beginner level and 50% for intermediate level.

Despite the importance of the EPS-TOPIK(Employment Permit System-Test of Proficiency in Korean) exam for those who aim to work in Korea under the EPS system, not enough studies have been done on the subject of EPS-TOPIK exam and the official Textbook. In addition, studies on representation of nationality and skin color in textbooks are rare compared to such studies on gender representation. This study investigates the Textbook which hasn't been researched enough, on the matter of representation not only based on gender but also on nationality and skin color. This study analyzes the Textbook quantitatively with the focus on the 20 main characters and qualitatively on the illustrations and texts, and suggests that the Textbook should properly represent its users who intend to work in Korea under the EPS system. Stereotypes based on nationality, preference of so-called ‘Korean’ skin tone and gender inequality should be rejected. The chapter on sexual harrassment in workplace should be revised to go against victim-shaming and to contain helpful contents for sexual harrassment survivors.

This study is aims to study the perceptions of test-takers of TOPIK by analyzing the result in a critical assesment perspective. A survey with 98 TOPIK test-takers was conducted, and in-depth interviews with 10 students were followed to delve into their emotional reactions toward the TOPIK test. The results showed that the test-takers of TOPIK considered the test as an instrument to accomplish their purpose such as entering school, continuing studies, or applying for jobs. It was found that the test-takers had suffered from mental pressure, stress when they took the test. Second, the test-takers acknowledged TOPIK to be irrelevant to evaluate practical Korean language skills which are required to stay or study in Korea. Third, most test-takers were able to access information on TOPIK through various ways, yet they recognized the ways to be insufficient and limited. Besides, the respondents expressed discomfort with the inconsiderate management system and environment of the test in particular, such as the announcement of the results, considerable distance to the test venues, and attitude of the examination supervisors. The research proposes the following suggestions to improve TOPIK. First, considering that the purpose of TOPIK is to evaluate Korean language proficiency of test-takers, the questions must be developed for assessing their authentic skills of Korean language. Second, the test environment needs to be enhanced to ensure a complete and equitable test to be conducted. Paying attention to recruiting and educating exam supervisors is also needed as well. Third, it is important to protect the test-takers’ rights over their responsibilities.

This study aims at investigating 1)the perception of international students' mother tongue and Korean language, 2)whether their perception differs with the degree of Korean proficiency, and 3)whether the degree of exposure to Korean can affect Korean proficiency. Eighty nine international students participated in a questionnaire survey. The overall results on the survey showed that the international students' perception of their mother tongue was strong in general. However, interesting findings were that the participants' level of Korean proficiency was closely related to the perception of mother tongue: the participants who had a low level of Korean proficiency showed a comparatively strong perception of mother tongue. Furthermore, the perception of Korean language was weaker compared to that of their mother tongue. However, the exposure to Korean(e.g. the frequency of using Korean) playing a role in improving Korean proficiency was observed. Therefore, this study suggests that acquiring Korean can be related to the perception of mother tongue and that the international students should raise the frequency of contact with Koreans for their Korean proficiency.

본 논문에서는 한국어 쓰기 교육을 위한 교육용 게임으로서 text-to-scene 모델을 제안한다. 사용자 입력 문장에 대해 즉각적인 피드백을 제공하기 위해서, 제안하는 text-to-scene 모델은 사용자 입력 문장의 의미구조를 분석하여 장면을 자동으로 생성한다. 사용자가 문장을 교정하면서 자연스럽게 한국어 쓰기 능력이 향상될 수 있도록, 제안하는 text-to-scene 모델은 정답 장면과 사용자 입력 문장에 대한 장면을 함께 제공하므로, 사용자는 입력 문장의 어느 부분이 잘못되었는지 쉽게 파악하고 문장을 수정할 수 있다. 기존의 text-to-scene 연구에서 정교하게 장면을 생성하기 위해서는 필요한 자원 구축이 어렵고 처리 과정이 매우 복잡하다는 점을 고려하여, 제안하는 text-to-scene 모델은 외국인이 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 수준으로 장면을 단순하게 표현한다. 실험결과 격조사나 문장 요소 생략 등을 고려하여 15개의 단어를 임의로 조합하여 5개 어절 이내의 문장 1,048,576개 문장을 만들어 실험한 결과 제안하는 모델은 한 문장당 평균 14.94ms가 소요하면서 안정적으로 장면을 생성하였다. 외국인을 대상으로 한 작문 시험 결과, 종이를 이용한 작문 결과에서는 10개 문항 중 오답 문장이 평균 4.7개 나왔는데, 제안하는 text-to-scene 모델을 이용한 작문 결과에서는 한 문장 당 평균 1.56회의 미리보기를 하고 문장을 수정하여 0.87개가 나왔다.

Choi, Jin-sook. 2017. “International Students' Attitude Changes towards English as per their Korean skills”. The Sociolinguistics of Korea Journal 25(3). 327~349. This study aims at identifying the international students' attitudes towards English change as per their Korean skills after learning English over one semester. Sixty international students, who consisted of three groups as per their Korean skills, participated in the questionnaire survey at the beginning stage of the class. After one semester, the same questionnaire was given to the participants. Two questionnaire surveys showed similar results: the participants with a higher level of Korean skills demonstrated more favorable attitudes towards English and were less fearful in learning English, compared to those with a lower level of Korean skills. The attitude changes were also different as per the Korean skills: when compared to the attitudes at the beginning, while the participants with a higher level of Korean skills changed more favorably towards learning English, the participants with a lower level of Korean skills showed no attitude changes or picked up less favorable attitudes, and their fear about learning English rather increased. This study implies that English learning may improve English skills for the international students with a higher level of Korean skills but does not affect those with a lower level of Korean skills.

The purpose of this study is to examine phenomena of teaching writing in Korean as a foreign or a second language, and to propose contents and methods for improving teachers’ ability of teaching writing. I presented 3 reasons that mainly cause the difficulty in teaching writing for nonnative speakers of Korean. Among the reasons, teachers’ lack of confidence and insufficiency of expertise in teaching writing is the most important one which we have to compensate in terms of improving teachers’ ability. First, in chapter Ⅱ, I analyzed the trend of teaching writing in Korean as an L2, and examined the characteristics of teacher training for teachers-to-be in Korean language education. Next, in chapter Ⅲ, I defined the concept of ‘ability of teaching writing’, and summarized the categories of the ability. Finally, in chapter Ⅳ, I suggested the contents and methods for improving teachers’ ability of teaching writing with regard to teachers’ expertise. Specially, I focused not only on the pedagogic content knowledge (PCK), but also on the content knowledge (CK). In this paper, I explored teacher education which is considered as one of the most important area for better teaching Korean as an L2. However, this paper remains only as a pioneer attempt at teacher education research for the area is not fully discussed yet.

Tandem学习法指的是两个不同母语的学习者通过自主地交流来学习对 方的语言和文化等。通过Tandem学习法，学习者不仅能够提高自身的语言 交流能力，而且还可以锻炼自主学习能力、跨文化交际能力以及协助能力 等。它是一种建立在自主学习、跨文化学习和伙伴关系基础上的学习方法。 因此，这种学习法跟自主学习和合作学习理论有密切关系。 本文通过研究自主学习与合作学习的相关理论,借助问卷,调查Tandem 学习者的自主学习能力和同伴评价结果中汉语、韩国语学习的情况,并对问 卷调查结果进行分析和讨论,从而提出改进Tandem学习法的评价模式和方 法。Tandem学习的评价不同于传统的教学评价，像合作学习的评价模式一 样，Tandem学习的评价模式以促进每一个学生的发展为目的，强化小组成 员的积极行为，并为小组合作学习成功提供手段。 本文探讨Tandem课程中同伴评价对学习者的自主学习能力以及汉语、 韩国语学习能力所起的作用。研究结果表明，在使用汉语-韩国语Tandem 课程中，同伴评价对学生的汉语、韩语学习能力影响最大。因此，注重探讨 同伴评价在汉语-韩国语Tandem课程中的可行性和有效性，也发现同伴评 价结果和教师结果的一致性。因此只要设计合理、操作严谨，汉语-韩国语 Tandem课程中的同伴评价可以作为一种有效地评价方式，融入到Tandem 学习法和其他合作学习中，促进学生的外语学习。

The purpose of this study is to describe foreign students' Korean language pragmatic competence in relation to speech exchange and communicative strategy exposed in the process by which a communicative task was effectively completed. This study designed and applied ‘information-gab tasks' like ‘picture-description tasks' for the realization of ‘referential communication' in which two speakers give and take the explanation about a specific object in a state where neither of them mutually share adequate information about it. As a result of observing the dialog data elicited by the task, it was found that learners were arriving at the co-construction of ‘identification of referent' and ‘role-taking' in various communication modes. At this point, the introductory/intermediate learners had difficulty carrying out such an interactive component in performance of the task. Even the type of feedback varied between the introductory/intermediate learners and the advanced learners. The utterance clarifying the difference in the photos was generally not revealed in a verbal sequence. The linguistic form of ‘-in geot gatda(seem to)' was frequently used with the effect of assumptive judgment strategy.

A large number of foreign students enroll at Korean universities each year. Although a good command of the Korean language is crucial for them to be successful in their studies, and both university authorities and teaching staff now agree that students’ language ability needs to be tested before their admission, a valid and reliable test of academic Korean is still to be developed. The aim of this paper was twofold: to determine the Korean language proficiency level and language task types that are necessary to succeed at the university level in Korea; and to determine test specifications that could be used by examiners to appraise university candidates’ language skills. To develop such specifications, Common European Framework (CEF) descriptors of language proficiency were used. These descriptors can be used as indicators showing which language tasks a candidate should be able to do at a certain level. To create test specifications, academically relevant descriptors were selected and task types associated with each were analyzed. Many descriptors associated with the B2 level of the CEF were used to determine the language achievement level necessary for university students in Korea. Information about linguistic input and output associated with each language task type was also gained and applied from CEF descriptors.

본 연구는 ‘다면 페르소나 검사’를 통해 학습자의 성격이 한 국어 발음 능력에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 학습자를 한국어 발음 능력에 따라 상·중·하위 그룹으로 나눈 후 다면 페르소나 검사를 실시하여 학습자의 성격과 발음 능력의 연관성을 살 펴보았다. 상위 집단 학습자의 경우 민감한 어린이 페르소나와 배려지 향 페르소나가 높게 나타났으며, 하위 집단 학습자의 경우 강함추구 페르소나가 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 학습자의 성격이 발음 능력과 관계가 있음을 확인하였다.

본고에서는 한국어능력시험 교재의 듣기 영역에 나타난 성 고정 관념을 분석하였다. 기존 연구들의 기준을 참고로 외적ž내적 영역에 대해 분석한 결과, 외모 및 직업에서 일부 성 고정관념이 드러났으나, 독백 텍스 트의 유형별 성별 빈도에서는 유의미한 차이를 발견하지 못했다. 내적 영 역의 경우 독백 텍스트의 성별 발화 주제는 남성 화자의 발화 비중이 높아 비교가 유의미하지 않았으며, 담화 유형의 불균형성에서는 전통적인 남녀 의 심리적 특질이 드러났다. 이와 같은 분석 결과는 최근 한국 사회에서 변화의 움직임을 보이는 젠더가 추후 출판될 한국어능력시험 교재가 성 평등한 방향으로 구성되는 데에 도움을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

본고에서는 한국어능력시험 듣기 텍스트에 나타난 비동 의 화행 전략의 출현 빈도 및 구체적 양상을 다각도로 분석하여 전략 사용의 효용성 및 교육적 함의를 고찰하였다. 비동의 화행 전략 실현 빈도는 ‘간접 비동의 전략’, ‘직접 비동의 전략’, ‘부가 전략’의 순으로 나타났으며, 세부 전략들은 다른 전략과의 결합을 통해 실현되는 경우가 많았다. 세부 전략 실현 빈도의 경우 ‘간접 비동의 전략’ 에서는 ‘설명’, ‘직접 비동의 전략’에서는 ‘완곡한 주 장’, ‘부가 전략’에서는 ‘부분 수용’이 가장 높게 나타났다. 비동의 화행의 전략적 사용은 한국어 학습자의 정교한 대화 협력을 위한 중요한 요소가 될 수 있다. 따라서 한국어능력시험에서도 실제성 이 반영된 비동의 화행을 제시할 필요가 있으며 교육 현장에서도 학습자들이 비동의 상황에서 성공적인 화행을 수행할 수 있도록 다양한 비동의 화용 전략을 교육할 필요가 있을 것이라 본다.