본 연구는 한우 번식우의 다양한 사료급여 방법에 의한 사양환경에서 체내 수정란의 회수율을 조사하고 혈중 주요 대사성분을 분석하고자 수행되었다. 연구자가 관리하고 있는 강원도 횡성에 위치한 4 농가(A~D)와 경기도 이천에 위치한 1 농가(E)를 대상으로 18 년 7 월~9 월간 실험이 이루어졌으며 5 농가에서의 사료 급여는 각 농후사료 2 kg + 건초 2 kg + 사일리지 1 kg(A 농가), 농후사료 3.5 kg + 볏짚 무제한(B 농가), 농후사료 3 kg + 건초 3 kg 2 회(C 농가), 농후사료 3.6 kg + 건초 4 kg(D 농가), TMR 5 kg(E 농가)의 방법에 따라 이루어졌다. 각 농가별 혈중 주요대사물질 분석을 위해 수정란 채란 당일 경정맥을 통해 혈액을 채취하였고 분리된 혈청은 -20℃에서 냉동보관 후 혈액분석기를 통해 NEFA, Glucose, BUN, Cholesterol, AST, GGT 항목을 일괄적으로 분석하였다. 공란우의 과배란 유도를 위하여 CIDR-plus(InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand)를 질 내에 삽입 후 7 일째부터 FSH 제제인 Folltropin-V(Vetrepharm, Canada)를 투여하였고 총 FSH 200mg 을 40mg, 30mg, 20mg, 10mg 의 용량으로 오전, 오후 각 2 회씩 점감적으로 주사하여 총 8 회에 걸쳐 12 시간 간격으로 근육에 주사하였다. FSH 투여 3 일째에 PGF2a 제제인 Lutalyse(Zoetis, Belgium)를 25mg 1 회 투여하고 CIDR-plus 를 제거하였으며 FSH 투여 개시 후 5 일째, 오전에 GnRH 제제(Fertagyl; Intervet, USA)를 250ug 투여하고 12시간 간격으로 인공수정을 2 회 실시하였다. 수정란의 채란은 2 차 인공수정 7 일 후에 balloon catheter 를 자궁 내에 주입 및 장착하여 1-way 방법인 DEC(Direct Embryo Collection)에 의해 이루어졌다. 회수된 수정란은 회수된 총 수정란수, 이식가능한 수정란 수를 조사하였다. 실험결과, 회수된 총 수정란수는 A 농가 16±2 개, B 농가 36±3 개, C 농가 18±1 개, D 농가 12±1 개, E 농가 14±4 개로 확인되었으며 이식가능한 수정란수는 각 농가별 14±3 개, 22±3 개, 11±1 개, 6±3 개, 2±2 개로 조사되었다. 총 회수 수정란 대비 이식가능한 수정란의 이용효율은 A 농가가 87.7±3 %로 가장 높게 관찰되었으며 E 농가가 14.5±2 %로 가장 낮게 확인되었다. 공란우의 MPT 분석 결과, NEFA 는 A 농가 125.15 uEq/L, B 농가 185.40 uEq/L, C 농가 177.91 uEq/L, D 농가 103.53 uEq/L, E 농가 232.56 uEq/L 로 조사되었다. Glucose 는 각 농가별 48.00 mg/dl, 66.15 mg/dl, 68.73 mg/dl, 61.42 mg/dl, 39.74 mg/dl 로 분석되었으며 BUN 은 각 13.73 mg/dl, 15.07 mg/dl, 9.01 mg/dl, 16.64 mg/dl, 19.37 mg/dl 로 확인되었다. Cholesterol 은 각 179.85 mg/dl, 162.20 mg/dl, 142.36 mg/dl, 132.68 mg/dl, 152.95 mg/dl 로 분석되었으며 AST & GGT 는 85.00 & 17.60 IU/L, 78.75 & 17.50 IU/L, 75.95 & 22.91 IU/L, 79.26 & 13.42 IU/L, 89.58 & 21.89 IU/L 로 조사되었다. 결론적으로 체내 수정란의 이용효율과 MPT 분석결과를 비교하면 Glucose, BUN, Cholesterol, AST, GGT 의 경우 상관관계를 조사할 수 없었으나, NEFA 의 경우 체내 수정란의 이용효율이 14.3 %로 가장 낮게 관찰된 E 농가의 혈중 NEFA 농도가 232.58 uEq/L 로 가장 높게 관찰된 것이 차이점으로 조사되었다. 본 연구결과는 농촌진흥청 연구 사업(세부과제번호:PJ012695032018)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

Sexed semen is commonly used for the production of calves of the desired gender. Gender selection is important in animal production industries. For example, female cattle are required for the dairy industry while males are preferred in the beef cattle industry. The present study was to assess the in vivo embryo production efficiency using the semen separated according to sex during superovulation in Hanwoo. Seventy Hanwoo donor cows were flushed on day 7 of estrus cycle with same FSH and artificial insemination by the same technicians. Embryos were recovered on 7 days after the third insemination by flushing the uterus with embryo collection medium. KPN semen straws used artificial insemination contained 20 million sperm (total number 60 million per donor). Sex-sorted semen straws contained 4 million sperm (total number 12 million per donor). The results obtained were as follows: No differences were observed in the efficiency of superovulation rates on KPN semen 87%, and sexed semen 100%, respectively. The mean numbers of total embryos are each 12.58±8.31 and 13.25±7.86. The mean numbers of transferable embryos, sexed semen were significantly lower than KPN semen (3.75±1.98 vs. 8.23±6.07, P＜0.05). The rates of unfertilized embryos from superovulation using sexed semen were significantly higher than KPN semen (50% vs. 15%, P＜0.05). The rate of degenerated 2-cell embryos from sexed and KPN semen was 60.87% and 11.11%, respectively (p＜0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that superovulation using sexed semen was useful, but efficient embryo production was important to reducing the damage caused by the Flowcytometer-based sperm sorting procedure.

Oxygen consumption is a useful parameter for evaluating mammalian embryo quality, since individual bovine embryos was noninvasively quantified by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Recently, several approaches have been used to measure the oxygen consumption rates of individual embryos, but relationship between oxygen consumption and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo following embryo transfer has not yet been reported. In this study, we measured to investigate the correlation between oxygen consumption rate and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo embryo using a SECM. In addition to, the expression of pluripotent gene and anti-oxidant enzyme was determined using real-time PCR by extracting RNA according to the oxygen consumption of in vivo embryo. First, we found that the oxygen consumption significantly increased in blastocyst-stage embryos (blastocyst) compared to early blastocyst stage embryos, indicating that oxygen consumption reflects the embryo quality (Grade I). Oxygen consumption of blastocyst was measured using a SECM and total cell number of in vitro blastocyst was enumerated by counting cells stained by propidium iodide. The oxygen consumption or GI blastocysts were significantly higher than those of GII blastocysts (10.2 × 1015/mols—1 versus 6.4 × 1015/mols—1, p<0.05). Total cell numbers of in vitro blastocysts were 74.8, 90.7 and 110.2 in the oxygen consumption of below 10.0, 10.0∼12.0 and over 12.0∼1015/mols—1, respectively. Pregnant rate in recipient cow was 0, 60 and 80% in the transplantation of embryo with the oxygen consumption of below 10.0, 10.0∼12.0 and over 12.0 × 1015/mols—1, respectively. GPX1 and SOD1 were significantly increased in over —10.0 group than below 10.0 groups but in catalase gene, there was no significant difference. On the other hand, In OCT-4 and Sox2, pluripotent gene, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the below-10.0 (0.98 ± 0.1) and over 10.0 (1.79 ± 0.2). In conclusion, these results suggest that measurement of oxygen consumption maybe help increase the pregnant rate of Hanwoo embryos.

The study was conducted to investigate the comparison of pregnancy rate and transferable embryos produced by genetically superior Korean cows (Hanwoo) of livestock farms. Eighteen Hanwoo donors were superovulated with gonadotropin for 4 days combined with Progesterone Releasing Intravaginal. Embryos were recovered 7 days after the second insemination by flushing the uterus with embryo collection medium. No differences were observed in the efficiency of rate of superovulation in groups A (low nutrition) and B (highnutrition) it was observed to be 100.0% and 87.5%, respectively. The mean numbers of total embryos were 10.8±3.4 and 8.9±2.5, and transferable embryos were 7.5±3.3 and 4.0±1.5 in groups A and B, respectively. The pregnancy rates after embryo transfer were 23.5%, 20.0%, C 80.0% and 55.6% in farm A, B, C, and D, respectively. In conclusion, results suggest that superovulation could be used quite effectively to raise superior Hanwooembryos. However, physical and biological condition of recipients greatly affects the rate of pregnancy.

The objective of this study was to investigate the comparison of transferable embryos and pregnancy rate between Hanwoo and Chickso. The results obtained were as follows: No differences were observed in the efficiency of superovulation rates on Hanwoo 78%, and Chickso 85%, respectively. The mean number of total embryos are each 14.76± 2.16 and 6.23±1.07. So the mean number of transferable embryos are each 10.94±1.91 and 4.58±1.05. In addition, the mean number of total Hanwoo embryo from <10 and 10≤ of corpora luteum was 0.50±0.50, 11.56±1.92, respectively. In case of Chickso, The mean number of transferable embryo from <10 and 10≤ of CL was 2.75±1.39, 6.00±1.00, respectively. The pregnancy rates were Hanwoo 40%, and Chickso 37% following transfer of fresh embryos produced in vivo. Also, the pregnancy rates of Chickso 60% were significantly greater (p<0.05) than the Hanwoo 42.48% following transfer of following transfer of frozen embryos, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that Chickso may be effectively used for transferable embryos production in Hanwoo. Although the transferable embryos number was not enough, it seems the Chickso greatly affect pregnancy rate. The results indicated that the possibility of transferable embryos from Chickso for embryo transfer could be confirmed in this study. Based on the present findings, it was suggested that it is very important to evaluate in vivo embryo production and pregnancy rate of embryo transfer following superovulation for effective Hanwoo and Chickso production.

소의 수정란 이식기술은 우수한 유전 형질을 가진 개체를 효과적으로 증식 시킬 수 있고, 형질이 동일한 다수의 자축을 단시간 내에 생산이 가능하므로 가축의 능력개량에 매우 유 용하게 이용할 수 있다. 최근, 일시적인 저영양 처리가 호르몬제 투여에 의한 과배란 유도 에 앞서, 한우 공란우 체내수정란 생산효율을 향상시킨다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구는 국립축 산과학원 가축유전자원 시험장에서 사양.관리 중인 한우를 공시동물(53두)를 이용했다. 총 16번의 과배란유도 처리를 시행하였고, CIDR삽입 1주전부터 채란 및 이식까지 23일간 번 식우 사양프로그램에 기준해 대조구(19두)는 배합사료 1 kg, 고영양구(13두)는 2.5 kg 그리 고 저영양구(21두)는 0 kg으로 일시적인 제한급여를 실시하고, 조사료는 자유채식을 하였 다. 과배란유도 처리는 공란우의 발정주기에 관계없이 CIDR삽입 0일을 기준으로 7일 전부 터 영양처리에 제한을 주고, 4일째부터 4일간 FSH를 근육주사 하였다. 그리고 투여 6일째 CIDR제거와 동시에 PGF2α를 오전 5 mL, 오후 3 mL를 근육주사 하여 과배란을 유도하였 다. 한편, 공란우의 인공수정(AI)은 8～9일째 12시간 간격으로 정액 2straw당 각각 2회 AI 를 실시하였으며, 16일째 비 외과적 방법(자궁관류법)으로 채란하였다. IETS 수정란 등급판 정 기준에 따라 CODE 1, CODE 2를 이식가능 수정란으로 판정하였다. 공란우 53두를 과 배란 처리 하여 Estrogen과 Progesterone의 농도를 분석한 결과, Estrogen의 경우 고영양 에 비해 저영양에서의 호르몬수준이 CIDR삽입 일에 30 IU 정도 더 높았다. 이 결과로부터 일시적인 저영양이 발육중인 난포수의 증가에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 한편, Progesterone 분비량은 두 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었지만, 수정 후 Progesterone의 농도 의 증가로부터 정상적으로 황체호르몬이 분비되었음을 알 수 있었다. 일시적인 영양처리에 따른 체내수정란 회수난 수와 이식가능 수정란 수(%)는 각각 대조구에서 8.56±2.11, 4.63± 0.98(%), 고영양에서 10.67±2.00, 7.33±2.18(68.69%) 그리고 저영양에서 14.76±2.11, 10.94 ±1.91(74.11%)로 저영양에서 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과들로부터 일시적인 영양수준 조절을 이용해 체내수정란 생산 극대화 기술을 확립할 수 있고, 이러한 기술개발을 이용하 여 고능력 한우의 조기번식, 한우개량 및 농가소득증대에도 크게 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

This study was performed to investigate the FSH levels for superovulation procedure in Korean Native Cattle (Hanwoo). The effectiveness of 200 mg and 400 mg of FSH to initiate superovulation was examined in Hanwoo. Donors, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. 7 days later, 200 mg FSH group was treated with 40, 30, 20, 10 mg FSH levels in declining doses twice daily by intramuscular injection for 4 days. Also, 400 mg FSH group was treated with 80, 60, 40, 20 mg FSH levels. On the 3rd day administration of FSH, 25 mg PGF2α was administered and CIDR was withdrawn. Donors were artificially inseminated twice at 12 hr intervals. The donor cattle received 250 μg GnRH at time of 1st insemination and embryos were recovered 8 days after the 1st insemination. As a results, average number of CL treated with FSH 200 mg was higher as 20.9±1.20 than 15.8±0.63 for donors treated with FSH 400 mg, respectively(p<0.05). Treated group of 200 mg FSH level increased (p<0.05) the number of embryos recovered per procedure compared to 400 mg FSH level (18.2±1.18 vs. 12.38±0.52, respectively). When treatment of 200 mg FSH was performed, average transferable embryos/ova increased (p<0.05) to 14.1±1.12 from 6.8±0.33 of treated of 400 mg FSH. Group of 200 mg FSH increased (p<0.05) to 8.3±0.76 from 2.0±0.26 in morula stage compare to 400 mg FSH group. Mean of total early blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stage embryos was similar (p<0.05) between the 200 mg and 400 mg FSH levels group (4.7±1.19 vs. 2.9±0.18 and 1.2±0.40 vs. 1.9±0.17). These results suggest that 200 mg FSH level-based superovulation protocol with CIDR may be effectively used for production of superior embryos in Hanwoo. In other words, the less level of FSH may be effectively applied for Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle), because Hanwoo was smaller body size than beef or daily cow.

포유동물 수정란의 동결보존기술은 최근 기후 변화에 따른 생물종 다양성을 보존하기 위해서 중요하게 여겨지는 연구 분야이다. 따라서 멸실 위험에 처한 동물의 개량과 증식, 보존과 복원 및 생명공학의 분야에 이르기까지 응용 기술은 다양하게 이용되어진다. 본 연구에서는 한우 수정란의 동결 후 생존성 향상을 위해서 동결 방법에 따른 체내 외수정한의 내동성을 조사하였다. 완만동결에 따른 체내 외수정란의 동결 융해 후 수정란의 재확장률은 89.6%와 81.5% 그리

This study was performed in order to determine optimum flushing solution using the direct embryo collection (DEC). Donors, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. 7 days later, 200 mg FSH was treated with 40, 30, 20, 10 mg FSH levels in declining doses twice daily by intramuscular injection for 4 days. On the 3 day administration of FSH, 25 mg was administered and CIDR was withdrawn. After FSH injections were complete, donors were artificially inseminated twice at 12 hr intervals. The donor cattle received 250 GnRH at time of 1 insemination and embryos were recovered 8 days after the 1 insemination. Embryo collection from superovulated donors were performed to flushing by DEC and conventional method. As a results, the average number of recovered embryos were significantly higher as 19.11.40 with DEC method than 12.00.44 with conventional embryo collection method, respectively (p<0.05). Also, The average number of transferable embryos were significantly higher (p<0.05) as 15.81.72 with DEC method than 6.90.35 from conventional embryo recovery procedures. Meanwhile, number of recovered embryos and number of recovered transferable embryos following the number of flushing times until 6 flushing were significantly higher as 8.60.53 and 8.60.53 from 2 flushing time than other groups (p<0.05). No. of Ear. B stage embryos were significantly higher as 3.90.90 and 3.90.90 with 2 flushing time in total collected embryos and transferable embryos (p<0.05). Com M stage embryos were significantly higher as 3.71.00 in 2 flushing time and as 2.20.76 in 3 flushing time for recovered embryos (p<0.05). In transferable embryos, Com. M stage embryos were significantly higher (p<0.05) as 3.71.00 in 2 flushing time and as 2.20.76 in 34 flushing time, also. No. of degradation embryos was significantly higher as 2.20.72 in 5 flushing time, On the other hand, degradation embryos was not observed in transferable embryos (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that DEC method should effective methods for production of in vivo embryos using less flushing solution following perform until 4 flushing time than conventional embryo collecting method. Also, it might be effectively collection of transferable embryos following more less procedure times compared to conventional embryo recovery methods.

In vivo embryo produced from Hanwoo donor cows were collected and transferred to Hanwoo recipients. Cows, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received Progesterone Releasing Intravaginal Device (CIDR-plus, InterAg, New Zealand) together with injection of 1 mg estradiol benzoate and 50 mg progesterone, and gonadotropin treatment began 4 day later. For superovulation, a total of 28 mg FSH was intramuscularly injected twice a day in the way of decreasing doses 4 day (5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2 and 2 mg). Twenty one Hanwoo donor cows were flushed on day 7 of estrus cycle with same FSH and artificial insemination by the same technicians. Embryos were recovered 7 days after the second insemination by flushing the uterus with Embryo Collection Medium. The results obtained were as follows: The rates of transferable embryos were 50.3%, and 78 fresh embryos at morulae and blastocysts stage were transferred into Hanwoo recipients on day 7 of estrus cycle. The pregnancy rates were first embryo transfer 55.6%, 2nd 62.9% and 3rd 57.9%, respectively. In conclusion, These results suggest that CIDR-based superovulation protocol may be effectively used for production of superior Hanwoo embryos. Also, since it seems the condition of recipient cows greatly affect pregnancy rate, it is very important to evaluate recipient for effective cattle production.

This study was performed to investigate the possibility of repeated superovulation treatment at interval from 27 days to 41 days in Hanwoo cattle and to compare with superovulation effect between doses of FSH 200 mg and FSH 400 mg. Different doses of FSH (200 mg or 400 mg) were injected at Day 8 after controlled internal drug release (CIDR) treatment for superovulation of Hanwoo donors following CIDR treatment (Day 8 after the estrus). Superovulation was repeated four times for one donor and number of corpus luteum (CL), number of embryos, number of transferable embryos and pregnancy rate after embryo transfer (ET) were investigated. 5 cows were used for each FSH treatment (10 cows in total). Average number of CL were and for the donors treated with FSH 200mg and FSH 400mg, respectively. Average number of embryos collected were and for the donors treated with FSH 200 mg and FSH 400 mg, respectively. Average number of transferable embryos were and for the donors treated with FSH 200 mg and FSH 400 mg, respectively. The pregnancy rate following ET with embryos collected from 200 mg FSH treated donors and 400 mg FSH treated donors were 61.9% and 53.8% respectively. The numbers of embryos tended to be decreased as the numbers of repeat of superovulation were elapsed. These results indicated that superovulation treatment by about a month to Hanwoo donors is usable and 200 mg of FSH is preferable for simple FSH treatment following CIDR treatment.

This study was performed to investigate the result that in-vivo or in-vitro embryos of Hanwoo cows were transferred to Holstein cows. Seventeen Hanwoo cows were used as donors for production of in-vivo embryos and fresh hanwoo in-vivo embryos were transferred to 1,150 Holsteins. And 2 embryos were transferred to 188 Holstein recipients to produce twin calves. Diagnosis on pregnancy was performed by rectal palpation at days after transfer. The pregnancy rate of Holstein recipients was 55.8% after transfer with Hanwoo in-vivo embryos and 38.2% after transfer with Hanwoo in-vitro embryos. The delivery rate of pregnant Holstein recipients was 88.4% after transfer with Hanwoo in-vivo embryos and 75.6% after transfer with Hanwoo in-vitro embryos. The rate of delivery of Holstein recipients transferred with two Hanwoo embryos was 36.2% and the rate of twin production was 25.9%. The rate of twin production by embryo transfer with in-vivo embryos was 30.4%, whereas the fate with in-vitro embryos was 15.6%. The pregnancy rate according to the grade of corpus luteum of Holstein recipients transferred with Hanwoo in-vitro embryos was 41.5 and 36.0% for A and B grade, respectively. The pregnancy rate according to the transfer in site in the uterine lumen of recipients was 40.9 and 32.7% for anterior and middle site, respectively. The pregnancy rate according to day of embryo transfer after estrus of recipients was 45.5, 38.8 and 39.7% for day 6, day 7 and day 8, respectively. There was difference of pregnancy rate according embryo transfer technician () individual dairy farm (). These results are supposed to indicate that the rate of pregnancy after transfer with Hanwoo embryos to Holstein recipients was similar to that within the same breed, and consequently that this method would be beneficial to enhance the productivity in Hanwoo reproduction.

발정 주기와 상관없이 CIDR를 삽입하는 날에 2.5 mg estradiol benzoate, 50 mg progesterone을 주사하였다. CIDR 삽입 후 4일 동안 FSH를 감량법으로 12시간 간격으로 주사하였으며, FSH 주사 5, 6회째에 를 투여했다. 1회째 주사 24시 간 후 CIDR를 제거하고 GnRH를 주사하였다. 공란 우들을 1번째 주사 후 60시간과 72시간에 수정을 시켰다. 인공수정 7일 후 회수된 수정란을 수정란 이식 때 pro

본 연구는 년(5년간) 제주도에서 사육중인 제주 한우와 흑우를 체내 수정란의 생산과 수정란 이식 기술을 통하여 조기 증식하고자 실시하였다. 한우 고등 등록우 286두와 흑우 경산우 69두(총 355두)에 대하여 발정 주기에 관계없이 CIDR를 질내에 삽입 후 7일째부터 성선 자극 호르몬() 400 mg을 50 mg씩 균등하게 나누어 4일간 12시간 간격으로 근육주사하였다. 투여 6회째에 CIDR를 제거하였으며, 동시에 25mg을 근육 주사하여 과배란을

혈통이 등록된 우수한 한우 공란우로부터 회수한 수정란을 간편한 방법으로 성 판별하여 우수한 암송아지를 생산하고자 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 회수한 수정란을 punching 또는 bisection 방법으로 biopsy하여 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification법으로 성 판별하였으며, 암컷으로 예측되는 성 판별 수정란을 6두의 수란우에 이식하여 2두가 임신되었고, 수정란 이식 후 278일과 285일에 정상적인 암컷 송아지를