In the present work, ethylene glycol-based (EG) copper oxide nanofluids were synthesized by pulsed wire evaporation method. In order to explode the pure copper wire, high voltage of 23 kV was applied to the both ends of wire and argon/oxygen gas mixture was used as reactant gas. EG-based copper oxide nanofluids with different volume fraction were prepared by controlling explosion number of copper wire. From the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image, it was found that the copper oxide nanoparticles exhibited an average diameter about 100 nm with the oxide layer of 2~3 nm. The synthesized copper oxide consists of CuO/ phases and the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area was estimated to be . From the analyses of thermal properties, it is suggested that viscosity and thermal conductivity of EG-based copper oxide nanofluids do not show temperature-dependent behavior over the range of 20 to . On the other hand, the viscosity and thermal conductivity of EG-based copper oxide nanofluids increase with volume fraction due to the active Brownian motion of the nanoparticles, i.e., nanoconvection.

Ethylene glycol-based Cu nanofluids were prepared by pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method. The structural properties of Cu nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The average diameter and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area of Cu nanoparticles were about 100 nm and , respectively. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of copper nanofluid were measured as functions of Cu concentration and temperature. As the volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles increased, both the enhanced ratios of thermal conductivity and viscosity of Cu nanofluids increased. As the temperature increased, the enhanced ratio of thermal conductivity increased, but that ratio of viscosity decreased.

본 실험은 구리가 흰줄숲모기, Aedes albopictus의 발생에 미치는 생물학적 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 흰줄숲모기 3령, 4령 유충을 각각 다른 농도의 구리 용액(0.0, 2.5, 25.0, 50.0 ppm)에서 24시간, 48시간 처리한 후 치사농도를 결정하고, 사육용액(tap water)으로 옮겨 사육하여, 유충의 용화율, 성충의 날개길이를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 50% 치사농도(LC50)는 4령 유충 24시간 처리군

The electrolyte effects of the electroplating solution in Cu films grown by ElectroPlating Deposition(EPD) were investigated. The electroplated Cu films were deposited on the Cu(20 nm)/Ti (20 nm)/p-type Si(100) substrate. Potentiostatic electrodeposition was carried out using three terminal methods: 1) an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, 2) a platinum plate as a counter electrode, and 3) a seed layer as a working electrode. In this study, we changed the concentration of a plating electrolyte that was composed of CuSO4, H2SO4 and HCl. The resistivity was measured with a four-point probe and the material properties were investigated by using XRD(X-ray Diffraction), an AFM(Atomic Force Microscope), a FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and an XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). From the results, we concluded that the increase of the concentration of electrolytes led to the increase of the film density and the decrease of the electrical resistivity of the electroplated Cu film.

Rearing media were selected for the production of sterile larvae of greenbottle blowfly, Phaenicia (=Lucilia) sericata (Meigen) which is widely used in maggot therapy. Eight media available in the market were used in this study. Egg hatchability was not different among the media. Survivorship of the larvae was higher in blood agar (BA), sabouraud dextrose agar, and brucella blood agar than the others. A higher content (20~40%) of sheep blood in BA and chocolate agar increased the survivorship of larvae. The eggs and the early 3rd larvae could be stored for 12 days at 8℃ and for 15 days at 6℃ without decrease in hatchability and larval survivorship, respectively.

This paper deals with the effects of the surfactant and preplate process (sensitization and activation) on electroless copper plating on carbon nano-fiber (CNF). Ultrasonic irradiation was applied both during dispersion of CNF and during electroless plating containing preplate process. The dispersion of CNF and flatness of the plated copper film were discussed based on the changes in surfactant concentration and preplate process time. It was clearly shown that high concentration of surfactant and long time of preplate process could promote the agglomeration of CNF and uneven copper plating on CNF.

최근 외래종인 왕우렁이의 국내 월동지역 증가와 왕우렁이를 이용한 벼 재배면적의 급격한 증가 등으로 인하여 환경부에서는 왕우렁이를 생태계 위해 2등급으로 지정하여 관리하고 있을 만큼 왕우렁이에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 연구는 왕우렁이를 이용하여 잡초를 제거하고 있는 논이나 왕우렁이를 사육하는 농장에서 왕우렁이의 외부 유출을 효과적으로 차단할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 외국에서 달팽이 기피제로 이용되고 있는 구리테이프를 이용하여 기피효과 및 이동차단 효과를 검토하였다. 수족관에 물을 10cm 채운 후 수면에서 각각 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm 높이에 구리테이프를 한바퀴 감은 후 왕우렁이의 탈출 및 산란 장소를 조사한 결과 모든 처리에서 왕우렁이의 탈출은 없었고, 구리테이프 보다 높은 곳에 산란된 난괴도 없었다. 국산 구리테이프와 외국산 구리테이프 비교시험과 외국산 구리테이프의 폭을 달리하여 왕우렁이 탈출 및 산란 난괴수를 조사한 시험에서도 테이프 종류와 폭에 관계없이 모든 처리에서 구리테이프를 설치한 수족관을 탈출한 왕우렁이와 구리테이프보다 높은 위치에 산란된 난괴는 없었다. 벼논에서 차단망으로 일정면적을 완전히 격리시킨 후 차단망 상부에 구리테이프를 부착하여 투입된 성체 왕우렁이의 시기별 탈출수와 탈출된 왕우렁이에 의해 산란된 난괴수를 조사한 시험에서도 격리상을 탈출한 왕우렁이 성체와 산란된 난괴는 전혀 없었다.

본 연구는 농작물에 대한 달팽이의 접근을 차단할 수 있는 효과적인 기피제를 탐색하기 위해 포트 정식된 배추를 대상으로 대형 곤충사육상자를 이용하여 시험하였다. 국내에서 문제가 되고 있는 몇 종의 달팽이류에 대해 친환경 자재로 이용되고 있는 동식물 추출물과 외국에서 달팽이 기피제로 이용되고 있는 구리제 등을 이용하여 기피효과를 조사하였다. 작은뾰족민달팽이를 대상으로 한 기피시험에서 녹차추출물 달용이는 달팽이 접종 9일 뒤에 95%의 높은 기피율을 보였으나 목초액은 기피효과가 전혀 없었다. 수용성 칼슘을 17% 함유하고 있는 해양 불가사리 추출물은 65%의 기피율을 나타내었고, 외국산 구리테이프는 99%의 매우 높은 기피효과가 있었다. 껍질이 있는 달팽이와 껍질이 없는 민달팽이류 2종을 혼합하여 접종한 시험에서 접종 10일 후 기피율은 식물추출물인 달용이와 팽이자바가 65%내외, 수용성 칼슘이 27%의 기피효과가 있었고, 국산 및 외국산 구리테이프는 98%의 매우 높은 기피효과가 있었으나 알미늄테이프는 기피효과가 없었다. 달팽이류 종류별로 국산 구리테이프에 대한 기피율을 조사한 결과 껍질이 있는 달팽이는 접종 13일 후에 51%의 기피율을 보인 반면 껍질이 없는 작은뾰족민달팽이와 노랑뾰족민달팽이는 85% 내외의 높은 기피율을 나타내에 달팽이보다 민달팽이류에 대한 기피효과가 훨씬 높았다.

This study is focused on the antimicrobial activity of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa by the reduction and oxidation reaction of copper and zinc alloy metal fiber filter. Cu/Zn ion is easily makes radicals with molecular hydroperoxide. Especially, hydroperoxide radical shows strong toxicity to the strains. Plasma membrane causes conformational change when hydroperoxide radical binds to plasma membrane. Elution of copper ion from copper and zinc alloy metal fiber is detected in the cyanobacteria solution as 0.5 ppm, and that of zinc ion is 0 ppm respectively. Zinc ion is figured to form a hydroxide in the cyanobacteria solution and precipitated to form a sludge. The concentration of chlorophyll-a in the cyanobacteria solution was proved to be the index of antimicrobial level of Microcystis aeruginosa.

Dynamic plastic deformation behavior of copper particles occurred during the cold spray processing was numerically analyzed using the finite element method. The study was to investigate the impact as well as the heat transfer phenomena, happened due to collision of the copper particle of in diameter with various initial velocities of into the copper matrix. Effective strain, temperature and their distribution were investigated for adiabatic strain and the accompanying adiabatic shear localization at the particle/substrate interface.

Silver coated copper composite powders were prepared by electroless plating method by controlling the activation and deposition process variables such as feeding rate of silver ions solution, concentration of reductant and molar ratio of activation solution at room temperature. The characteristics of the product were verified by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption (A.A.). It is noted that completely cleansing the copper oxide layers and protecting the copper particles surface from hydrolysis were important to obtain high quality Ag-Cu composite powders. The optimum conditions of Ag-Cu composite powder synthesis were molar ratio 4, concentration of reductant 15g/l and feeding rate of silver ions solution 2 ml/min.

Maggot therapy (MT) has been re-introduced for non-healing wounds such as pressure sore, diabetic and necrotic ulcers, as well as infected surgical wounds, burn, and trauma injuries since early 1990s. For the production of sterile maggot of proper developmental stage, Lucilia sericata were studied on developmental periods of immature stages on liver agar medium under six different temperatures such as 15.4, 20.6, 22.5, 26.2, 29.1, and 33.0℃, and adult longevity and egg production under 29℃. The periods of eggs and larvae of the I st and the 2nd instars were shortest at 33℃ by 9.0, 14.0 and 18.6 hours, respectively. The periods of the 3rd instar larvae and pupae were shortest at 29.1℃ by 285.0 and 171.0 hours, respectively. Developmental zero point and total effective temperature for the development of each stage were calculated based on the developmental periods. Adults of both female and male lived more than one month. Females laid an average of 338.5 eggs through 2.7 times of egg laying throughout her lifetime.

Oxidation characteristics of benzene as a VOC was investigated using a fixed bed reactor system over copper base catalysts. The copper base catalysts were made by using copper nitrate reagent and various support materials such as γ-Al2O3, TiO2, and zeolite. The parametric tests were conducted at the reaction temperature range of 200～500℃, benzene concentration of 1,000～2,000 ppm, and space velocity range of 5,000～20,000 hr-1. The property analyses such as BET, SEM, XRD and the conversions of catalytic oxidation of VOC were examined. XRD analysis on copper catalysts showed CuO crystal forms and the peak intensity of CuO increased as the impregnation weight of copper grew. The experimental results showed that the conversion was increased with decreasing space velocity. It was also found that Cu/γ-Al2O3+TiO2 catalyst showed the highest activity for the oxidation of benzene and 15% metal loading was the optimum impregnation level.