이 실험에서는 α-Al2O3 지지체 위에 진공 코팅(vacuum coating)과 딥 코팅(dip-coating) 기법을 사용하여 GO/γ -Al2O3 중간층을 형성하였고, 무전해도금 방식을 통해 Pd-Ag 수소 분리막을 제작하였다. Pd와 Ag는 각각 무전해도금을 통해 지지체 표면에 증착되었으며, 합금화를 위해 도금 과정 중 H2 분위기 하에서 500°C에서 18 h 동안 열처리를 진행하였다. 제 조된 분리막의 표면과 단면은 SEM을 통해 분석되었으며, Pd-Ag 분리막의 두께는 1.88 μm, GO/γ-Al2O3 중간층을 가진 Pd-Ag 분리막의 두께는 1.07 μm로 측정되었다. EDS 분석을 통해 Pd-77%, Ag-23%의 조성으로 합금이 형성된 것을 확인하 였다. 기체투과 실험은 H2 단일가스와 H2/N2 혼합가스를 이용하여 수행되었다. H2 단일가스 투과실험에서 450°C, 4 bar 조건 하에서 Pd 분리막의 최대 H2 플럭스는 0.53 mol/m²·s로, Pd-Ag 분리막의 경우 0.76 mol/m²·s로 측정되었다. H2/N2 혼합가스 실험에서 측정된 분리막의 separation factor는 450°C, 4 bar 조건에서 Pd 분리막이 2626, Pd-Ag 분리막이 13808로 나타났다.

Among various organic materials suitable for silicon-based inorganic-organic hybrid solar cells, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been extensively studied due to its high optical transmittance, high work function, and low bandgap characteristics. The electro-optical properties of PEDOT:PSS have a significant impact on the power conversion efficiency of silicon-organic hybrid solar cells. To enhance the photovoltaic properties of the silicon-organic hybrid solar cells, we developed a method to improve the properties of the PEDOT:PSS film using Ag nanowires (NW) instead of conventional solvent addition methods. The influence of the Ag NW on the electro-optical property of the PEDOT:PSS film and the photovoltaic performance of the silicon-organic hybrid solar cells were investigated. The addition of Ag NW further improved the sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS film, enhancing the performance of the silicon-organic hybrid solar cells. The present work using the low sheet resistance PEDOT:PSS layer paves the way to develop simple yet more efficient siliconorganic hybrid solar cells.

목적: 본 연구는 인지가 건강한 지역사회 중고령자 인구를 대상으로 한 인지적 여가활동 중재연구를 분석하여 국내 지역사회 적용을 위한 근거를 마련하고자 한다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 2013년 1월부터 2023년 12월까지 최근 10년간 국외 학술지에 게재된 문헌을 대상으로 PRISMA 지침에 따라 문헌고찰을 진행하였다. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo 데이터베이스를 사용하였으며, 주요 검색어로 (“elderly” OR “older*”) AND (“leisure*” OR “leisure activities”) AND (“cognitive*”AND “dementia”)를 사용하였다. 대조군이 있는 실험연구를 선정하였으며, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale을 통해 선정된 문헌의 질을 평가하였다. 결과: 최종 6편의 연구 분석결과, 인지적 여가활동 중재는 악기 연주, 독서, 보드게임, 직소 퍼즐의 네 가지 범주로 구분되었으며, 악기 연주와 보드게임 중재가 각 2편으로 가장 많았다. 직소 퍼즐을 제외한 중재에서 실험군은 대조군에 비해 인지기능에서 유의한 향상을 보였으며, 이는 음운언어 및 범주언어 유창성, 언어 및 시각 작업기억, 집행기능과 억제조절, 분리주의력, 시각적 스캐닝, 전반적인 인지기능 개선을 포함한다. 또한, 여가활동 수행기술, 기분상태, 신체적 및 심리적 건강 영역에서의 삶의 질의 개선 효과도 관찰되었다. 결론: 본 연구는 일부 인지적 여가활동 중재가 지역사회 중고령층부터 고령층에 이르는 지역사회 인구의 인지기능 및 심리사회적 영역에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 작업치료 분야에서 인지 건강 강화를 위해 다양한 인지적 여가활동이 일상생활의 일부로서 적극적으로 활용되기를 기대한다.

In this study, we introduce a novel TiN/Ag embedded TiO2/FTO resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device. This distinctive device was fabricated using an environmentally sustainable, solution-based thin film manufacturing process. Utilizing the peroxo titanium complex (PTC) method, we successfully incorporated Ag precursors into the device architecture, markedly enhancing its performance. This innovative approach effectively mitigates the random filament formation typically observed in RRAM devices, and leverages the seed effect to guide filament growth. As a result, the device demonstrates switching behavior at substantially reduced voltage and current levels, heralding a new era of low-power RRAM operation. The changes occurring within the insulator depending on Ag contents were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Additionally, we confirmed the correlation between Ag and oxygen vacancies (Vo). The current-voltage (I-V ) curves obtained suggest that as the Ag content increases there is a change in the operating mechanism, from the space charge limited conduction (SCLC) model to ionic conduction mechanism. We propose a new filament model based on changes in filament configuration and the change in conduction mechanisms. Further, we propose a novel filament model that encapsulates this shift in conduction behavior. This model illustrates how introducing Ag alters the filament configuration within the device, leading to a more efficient and controlled resistive switching process.

본 실험에서는 α-Al2O3 지지체에 무전해도금을 이용하여 Pd-Ag-Cu 분리막을 제조하였다. Pd, Ag, Cu는 각각 무 전해도금을 통해 지지체 표면에 코팅하였고, 합금의 형성을 위해 무전해도금 중간에 H2, 500°C의 조건에서 18 h 동안 열처리 를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 제조된 Pd-Ag-Cu 분리막은 SEM을 통해 표면을 관찰하였으며, Pd 분리막의 두께는 7.82 μm, Pd-Ag-Cu 분리막의 두께는 3.54 μm로 측정되었다. EDS와 XRD 분석을 통해 Pd-Ag-Cu 합금이 Pd-78%, Ag-8.81%, Cu-13.19%의 조성으로 형성된 것을 확인하였다. 기체투과 실험은 H2 단일가스와 H2/N2 혼합가스에서 실험을 진행하였다. H2 단일가스에서 측정한 수소 분리막의 최대 H2 flux는 Pd 분리막의 경우 450°C, 4 bar에서 74.16 ml/cm2·min이고, Pd-Ag-Cu 분리막의 경우 450°C, 4 bar에서 113.64 ml/cm2·min인 것을 확인하였고, H2/N2 혼합가스에서 측정한 separation factor의 경우 450°C, 4 bar에서 각각 2437, 11032의 separation factor가 측정되었다.

Essential macleod program (EMP) was used to optimize the transmittance of the transparent conducting layers in an oxidemetal- oxide structure. For EMP simulation, the optical coefficient of the material was extracted using an ellipsometer. Following the simulation studies, oxide-metal-oxide samples were fabricated experimentally, and their optical and electrical properties were analyzed. Multilayer SiInZnO/Ag/Siinzno (S/A/S) structures were grown on glass substrates using radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) sputtering at room temperature. Due to the occurrence of destructive interference at the metal and oxide interface, the S/A/S structure exhibited excellent optical properties. As the thickness of the top and bottom oxide layers was increased, the transmittance spectrum was red-shifted due to partial wave interference at the Ag interface. Change in thickness of the top oxide layer had a greater effect on the transmittance than that of the bottom oxide layer. This was due to the difference in refractive index occurring at each interface. Change in Ag thickness shifted the absorption edge in the short wavelength region. Whereas electrical properties, such as sheet resistance and carrier concentration, were found to be dependent on thickness of the sandwiched metal layer. An excellent figure of merit of 63.20 ×10−3Ω−1 was obtained when the thickness of the Ag layer was 11 nm, and the top and bottom oxide layer thickness were 45 and 60 nm, respectively. These values suggest promising optoelectronic properties and are encouraging for future transparent electrode applications.

The Ag/WC electrical contacts were prepared via powder metallurgy using 60 wt% Ag, 40 wt% WC, and small amounts of Co3O4 with varying WC particle sizes. After the fabrication of the contact materials, microstructure observations confirmed that WC-1 had an average grain size (AGS) of 0.27 μm, and WC-2 had an AGS of 0.35 μm. The Ag matrix in WC-1 formed fine grains, whereas a significantly larger and continuous growth of the Ag matrix was observed in WC-2. This indicates the different flow behaviors of liquid Ag during the sintering process owing to the different WC sizes. The electrical conductivities of WC-1 and WC-2 were 47.8% and 60.4%, respectively, and had a significant influence on the Ag matrix. In particular, WC-2 exhibited extremely high electrical conductivity owing to its large and continuous Ag-grain matrix. The yield strengths of WC-1 and WC-2 after compression tests were 349.9 MPa and 280.7 MPa, respectively. The high yield strength of WC-1 can be attributed to the Hall–Petch effect, whereas the low yield strength of WC-2 can be explained by the high fraction of high-angle boundaries (HAB) between the WC grains. Furthermore, the relationships between the microstructure, electrical/mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms were evaluated.

As a filler metal for lowering the melting point of Ag, many alloy metal candidates have emerged, such as cadmium, with zinc, manganese, nickel, and titanium as active metals. However, since cadmium is known to be harmful to the human body, Cd-free filler metals are now mainly used. Still, no study has been conducted comparing the characteristics of joints prepared with and without cadmium. In addition, studies have yet to be conducted comparing the typical characteristics of brazing filler metals with special structures, and the joint characteristics of brazing filler metals with available frames. In this study, the characteristics of junctions of silver-based intercalation metals were compared based on the type of filler metal additives, using a special structure, a filler metal sandwich structure, to protect the internal base metal. The general filler metal was compared using the structure, and the thickness of the filler metal according to the thickness was reached. A comparison of the characteristics of the junction was conducted to identify the characteristics of an intersection of silver-based brazing filler metal and the effect on joint strength. Each filler metal’s collective tensile strength was measured, and the relationship between joint characteristics and tensile joint strength was explored. The junction was estimated through micro strength measurement, contact angle measurement with the base metal when the filler metal was melted, XRD image observation, composition analysis for each phase through SEM-EDS, and microstructure phase acquisition.

Ag-containing aluminosilicate sorbents capable of capturing iodine were prepared by sol-gelation from Na, Al, and Si alkoxides using co-solvent exchange, Ag/Na ion exchange, solvent exchange, and ambient-pressure drying. The Na+AlSi-OH gel was prepared using sodium methoxide (NaOMe): aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (Al(OsBu)3): tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) molar ratios of 1.05:1:1, 1.3:1.1:1, 1.5:1.3:1. The solvent effect on textural properties such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas and pore size distributions and Ag0 particle sizes was investigated using water with high surface tension, isopropanol and n-heptane with low surface tension. The BET surface area, average pore size, and cumulative pore volume for sorbents strongly increased with decreasing surface tension of solvents and increasing Al/Si atomic ratios. In addition, Ag0 particle sizes increased with decreasing surface tension of solvents.

A Cu-15Ag-5P filler metal (BCuP-5) is fabricated on a Ag substrate using a high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process, followed by post-heat treatment (300oC for 1 h and 400oC for 1 h) of the HVOF coating layers to control its microstructure and mechanical properties. Additionally, the microstructure and mechanical properties are evaluated according to the post-heat treatment conditions. The porosity of the heat-treated coating layers are significantly reduced to less than half those of the as-sprayed coating layer, and the pore shape changes to a spherical shape. The constituent phases of the coating layers are Cu, Ag, and Cu-Ag-Cu3P eutectic, which is identical to the initial powder feedstock. A more uniform microstructure is obtained as the heat-treatment temperature increases. The hardness of the coating layer is 154.6 Hv (as-sprayed), 161.2 Hv (300oC for 1 h), and 167.0 Hv (400oC for 1 h), which increases with increasing heat-treatment temperature, and is 2.35 times higher than that of the conventional cast alloy. As a result of the pull-out test, loss or separation of the coating layer rarely occurs in the heat-treated coating layer.

We observed the symbiotic star AG Dra for a total of 61 nights between April 2004 and December 2021 using the 1.8-m telescope and the high-resolution Echelle spectrograph BOES at the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory and obtained 355 frames of spectroscopic data to investigate the variations in its spectral lines. Overnight short-term and long-term changes in prominent emission lines are examined. No short-term changes are found in the line profiles. However, the peak intensity of the Hα emission line exhibits very small variation. In the long-term period, many emission lines including He I λ5875, λ6678, λ7065 and Fe II λ5018 are found to vary reflecting the symbiotic outburst activities. It is noted that He II λ4686 and Raman-scattered O VI λ6830, λ7088 are exceptions, where no significant variations are discernible. One of the noticeable lines is the λ5018 line. Its appearance and disappearance pattern are different from other emission lines, and the line is found to appear in outburst states. The Hα and Hβ lines remain very similar in our spectroscopic monitoring campaign.

In this study, a new manufacturing process for a multilayer-clad electrical contact material is suggested. A thin and dense BCuP-5 (Cu-15Ag-5P filler metal) coating layer is fabricated on a Ag plate using a high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) process. Subsequently, the microstructure and bonding properties of the HVOF BCuP-5 coating layer are evaluated. The thickness of the HVOF BCuP-5 coating layer is determined as 34.8 μm, and the surface fluctuation is measured as approximately 3.2 μm. The microstructure of the coating layer is composed of Cu, Ag, and Cu-Ag-Cu3P ternary eutectic phases, similar to the initial BCuP-5 powder feedstock. The average hardness of the coating layer is 154.6 HV, which is confirmed to be higher than that of the conventional BCuP-5 alloy. The pull-off strength of the Ag/BCup-5 layer is determined as 21.6 MPa. Thus, the possibility of manufacturing a multilayer-clad electrical contact material using the HVOF process is also discussed.

During the treatment of spent nuclear fuel, radioactive iodine is generated in a liquefied or gaseous form in a specific process. In the case of iodine 129, it is a long-lived nuclide with a very long halflife and has high groundwater mobility under repository conditions. Despite showing a low radioactivity value, research on the management of radioactive iodine from a long-term perspective is continuously being performed. Although research has been conducted using borosilicate glass as a medium for solidifying iodine, compatibility of I in borosilicate glass is very small and the volatility is high in the solidification process. So it is not suitable as a solidified substance of iodine. Therefore, studies on other solidification media to replace them are continuously being conducted. Our research team tried to develop a new medium that can contain iodine in a solidified body stably through a simple heat treatment process and can improve problems such as volatility and waste loading. Iodine is captured as AgI in the Ag ion-exchanged zeolite. So, TeO2, Ag2O, and Bi2O3 having a high AgI loading rate were used as main components. It was named TAB after taking the first letter of each element. In previous studies, the physical properties, structure, and chemical stability of TAB materials were confirmed. PCT (Product Consistent test) was performed to confirm chemical stability. It is mainly used to compare the chemical stability of glass materials with other glass materials, but there are limitations in evaluating the long-term chemical stability of materials. In this experiment, we tried to evaluate the long-term stability of TAB and compare it with borosilicate, which is conventionally used to treat radioactive waste. In addition, we tried to understand the leaching behavior inside the TAB medium. For this purpose, ASTM C1308 test was performed for 365 days, and distilled water and KURT groundwater were used as leachates to examine the effect of ions in the groundwater on the solidified body. To analyze the leaching behavior, ICP-MS and ICP-OES analyses were performed, and the cross-section of the sample after leaching was observed through SEM.

본 실험에서는 α-Al2O3 세라믹 중공사를 지지체로 사용하였고, 무전해 도금을 통해 Pd 및 Pd-Ag가 도금된 수소 분리막을 제조하였다. Pd-Ag 분리막은 Pd와 Ag 합금 형태로 만들기 위하여 500°C, 10 h 동안의 annealing 과정을 거쳤으며, EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) 분석을 통해 Pd-Ag 합금이 되었다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) 분석을 통해 제조된 Pd 및 Pd-Ag 도금층의 두께는 약 8.98, 9.29 μm으로 측정되었다. 제조된 수소 분 리막은 350~450°C, 1-4 bar의 범위에서 수소 단일 가스, 혼합가스(H2, N2)를 이용하여 수소 투과 실험을 진행하였다. 수소 단 일 가스에서 Pd와 Pd-Ag 분리막은 최대 각각 21.85, 13.76 mL/cm2⋅min의 flux를 가지며, 혼합가스에서는 450°C, 4 bar의 조건일 때, 1216, 361의 separation factor가 각각 나오는 것을 확인하였다.