본 연구는 발효식품 유래 유용미생물의 생리활성 효과를 체계적으로 고찰하고 자연치유 관점에서 그 활용 가능성을 분석하는 데 목적이 있 다. PRISMA 원칙을 준용하여 2000년부터 2024년까지 발표된 국내외 학술논문 208편을 대상으로 문헌고찰을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 발효식 품의 생리활성 효과는 유용미생물과 대사산물의 복합적 상호작용에 의 해 발현되는 것으로 확인되었다. 장 건강과 면역조절 효과는 높은 수준 의 근거를 보였으며, 대사 조절, 심혈관 보호 및 장-뇌 축 조절 효과는 제한적인 임상 근거를 나타냈다. 이러한 효과는 항상성 유지와 내인성 방어기전 강화 등 자연치유의 핵심 원리와 연계되는 것으로 확인되었다. 발효식품은 자연치유 기반 식이 전략으로 활용 가능성이 있으며, 임상적 적용을 위해서는 고품질의 무작위 대조 임상시험과 정밀 영양학적 연구 가 필요하다.

As ocean warming and environmental variability increasingly affect marine ecosystems, systematic acoustic monitoring is essential for understanding changes in fisheries resources. This study introduces the acoustic survey system installed onboard the R/V Chambada and evaluates its applicability through a preliminary survey conducted in the coastal waters near Yokjido, Tongyeong, Korea. The vessel is equipped with a scientific echosounder, multibeam echosounder, acoustic doppler current profiler, conductivity-temperature-depth profiler, and other oceanographic instruments, enabling integrated acoustic and environmental observations. A pilot acoustic survey was conducted along four transects using the EK80 operating in both narrowband and wideband modes. Acoustic backscatter was analyzed to examine the vertical and spatial distributions of marine organisms along the survey tracks. In addition, WASSP multibeam data were visualized to evaluate their potential for interpreting the spatial structure of scatterers and seabed topography. The results demonstrate that the R/V Chambada can serve as an effective platform for routine acoustic monitoring. Future surveys integrating acoustic measurements, environmental observations, and biological sampling are expected to provide important baseline data for understanding long-term changes in coastal marine ecosystems and fisheries resources.

Single−atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted significant attention in the field of electrocatalytic energy conversion owing to their unique catalytic properties and exceptionally high metal−atom utilization efficiency. This review systematically summarizes recent synthesis strategies for SACs, and critically analyzes the advantages and limitations of each approach. With respect to catalyst characterization, advanced techniques, such as aberration−corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC−STEM) and X − ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), are highlighted for their crucial roles in elucidating atomic dispersion, coordination environments and electronic structures. Furthermore, the performance and applications of SACs in key electrocatalytic reactions are comprehensively reviewed, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and other representative reactions. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed, offering insights into the reasonable design of high−performance SACs and their progress towards practical applications.

Graphene oxide frameworks (GOFs) constitute a novel class of three-dimensional porous materials assembled by grafting molecular linkers onto graphene oxide sheets. Through careful selection of linker type, length, and concentration, as well as fine-tuning of reaction conditions, one can precisely modulate GOF porosity, surface area, thermal resilience, and electronic and mechanical performance. These versatile, tunable properties render GOFs highly attractive for a range of applications, including membrane desalination, gas capture, catalytic transformations, and biomedical uses. This review systematically examines contemporary advancements in GOF research, with an emphasis on innovative synthesis strategies, structure–property correlations, and emerging applications across multidisciplinary domains.

현대 사회의 급속한 고령화는 기존 요양체계의 구조적 한계를 드러내고 있으며, 특히 일상생활의 단조로움과 외부와의 단절은 입소 노인의 정서적 고립과 삶의 질 저하로 이어 지고 있다. 이러한 배경 속에서 자연과 교감하며 신체적·정신적 안정을 도모하는 치유농 장(Care Farm)은 대안적 돌봄 모델로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 치유농장의 개념과 기능 을 고찰하고, 네덜란드의 케어팜 운영 사례를 분석함으로써 국내 요양시설에 적용 가능한 가능성과 시사점을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 총 23편의 관련 문헌 및 온라인 자료를 수집·분석하고, 시설별 특성과 공통 요소를 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 네덜란드의 케어팜은 자연 환경을 활용한 일상 구조와 다양한 창의·사회활동을 통해 정서적 안정과 인지 기능 개선을 도모하고 있었으며, 입소 노인의 삶의 질 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 가족, 지역사회, 전문 인력이 유기적으로 협력하여 자율성과 존엄성을 중시하는 돌 봄 체계를 운영하고 있는 것이 특징적이었다. 결론적으로, 치유농장은 기존 요양시설의 한계를 보완하고 입소자의 자존감 회복과 사회적 통합을 촉진하는 대안적 모델로 평가된 다. 본 연구는 국내 실정에 맞춘 치유농장 모델의 개발과 정책적 논의의 필요성을 제기하 며, 향후 제도적 기반 마련과 시범사업 추진, 돌봄 인력 교육 강화 등을 통해 실천적 적용 가능성을 높일 수 있음을 시사한다.

본 연구는 사회적 구조의 변화로 인한 유기견 증가로 인해 유기견 입양률 향상의 필요 성을 인지하여 입양률을 향상시키고자 유기견 미용이 입양률 향상에 미치는 영향을 분석 하고 미용을 접목시킨 애플리케이션 개선 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구 팀은 임실 N 펫스타에 참가한 참가자들 356명에게 ‘유기견 애플리케이션 개선을 위한 설 문조사’를 실시하였고 미용사와 애플리케이션의 협업을 위한 현실적 견해를 얻기 위해 현 장 종사자 3인에게 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 설문조사 및 선행연구 결과 유기견의 미용 상태 는 입양자들에게 긍정적인 반응을 이끌어낼 수 있으며 입양률 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 현장 종사자 3인에게 전문가 인터뷰를 진행한 결과 미용사들과 애플리케이션 간의 협업의 가능성을 보았으며 현실적인 견해를 얻을 수 있었 다. 본 연구는 미용과 입양률의 상관관계를 밝혀내었으나 미용사와 애플리케이션 간 연계 를 위해서는 해결해야 할 과제들이 남아있기에 이 문제들을 해결하기 위한 후속연구의 필요성이 있다. 또한 유기견 품종 및 성격과 같은 세세한 요소들은 통제되지 않았기에 향 후에는 정교한 분석을 실시한 연구의 필요성이 있다.

With the increasing demand for high-power and high-efficiency power conversion systems, LLC resonant converters, which achieve both high efficiency and high power density through soft-switching operation, have attracted significant attention. Accordingly, various topologies based on LLC resonant converters have been proposed; however, studies on topology analysis and selection criteria remain insufficient. Therefore, this paper analyzes device losses, voltage and current stresses, and efficiency characteristics under different output power levels based on PSIM simulations, and proposes a topology selection methodology for the primary- and secondary-side structures of LLC resonant converters.

Recent advances in autonomous flight, electric propulsion, and distributed architectures have enabled the rapid emergence of future air systems such as AAVs, UAVs, and eVTOL aircraft, whose software-intensive and autonomous operational characteristics differ fundamentally from those of conventional manned aircraft. This study analyzes the technical and operational characteristics of these systems and identifies structural gaps in existing airworthiness certification frameworks, discussing the applicability of performance-based certification, risk-based airworthiness approaches, and digital airworthiness concepts as practical directions for future certification reform.

공유결합 유기 구조체(covalent organic framework, COF)는 정밀한 기공 설계와 우수한 구조적 안정성을 동시에 갖춘 새로운 다공성 유기 소재로, 기존 고분자 분리막이 지닌 투과도–선택도 한계를 극복할 수 있는 유망한 대안으로 주목받 고 있다. 본 총설에서는 2차원 COF를 분리막 소재 측면에서 정리하고, 모노머 수준의 분자 설계와 다양한 화학 결합 전략을 통해 기공 크기와 구조를 원자 수준에서 정밀하게 조절함으로써 높은 투과도와 선택도를 동시에 달성할 수 있다는 점을 그 주요 장점으로 논의한다. 용매열 합성, 계면 중합, 나노시트 조립, 혼합 매트릭스 막 등 2차원 COF를 제조하는 방법을 살펴 보며, 이렇게 제조된 2차원 COF 분리막의 응용 분야로서 기체 분리, 수처리 및 유기용매 나노여과, 그리고 이온분리에 대해 다루었다. 마지막으로, COF 분리막의 상용화를 위해 해결해야 할 기술적 과제와 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

This study examined nondestructive analysis of internal quality characteristics and physical changes in fresh agricultural products using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluated its potential as a quality assessment tool. Korean melons, pears, and onions were selected, and changes in internal tissues, damage, and heterogeneity were qualitatively analyzed. After seven days of storage, moisture was redistributed from the flesh to the peel and stem-end regions in melon samples, resulting in increased signal intensity in the two regions on MRI. In pear samples, normal tissues exhibited strong and uniform signal intensity during storage, whereas damaged tissues showed reduced signal intensity and enlarged abnormal regions, owing to moisture loss and tissue degradation, respectively. In onion samples, the signal intensity of the central sprouting region was approximately twice than that of the surrounding shell tissue, and the outer shell tissue exhibited higher signal intensity than the inner shell tissue due to magnetic susceptibility. These results demonstrate that MRI can evaluate the internal quality of fresh agricultural products in a nondestructive manner and grade them objectively, suggesting broad application potentials in agro–food science field.

노면표시는 도로 이용자에게 안내 및 규제 정보를 제공하는 핵심적인 교통안전 시설이다. 그러나 기존의 표면 도포형 노 면표시는 차량 타이어와의 직접 접촉 및 반복 하중, 환경적 노출로 인해 마모와 박리, 시인성 저하가 비교적 빠르게 발생하 는 한계를 가진다. 이러한 문제는 유지관리 주기를 단축시키고 생애주기 비용 증가로 이어질 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 한 계를 개선하기 위하여 제어된 가열 시공 공정을 결합한 열가소성 인레이 방식의 노면표시 시공 시스템을 개발하고 그 적용 가능성을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 제안된 시스템은 아스팔트 포장 표면 가열, 인레이 홈 형성, 사전 제작된 열가소성 시트의 삽입, 그리고 포장과의 일체화를 위한 2차 가열 공정을 포함한다. 성능 평가는 재료 특성 분석에 국한하지 않고, 시 공성, 교통 하중 하 내구성 및 유지관리 효율성을 중심으로 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 개발된 인레이 시스템은 기존 오버레이 형 노면표시에 비해 접착 안정성이 향상되었으며, 타이어와의 직접 접촉 감소를 통해 표면 열화 저항성이 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 또한 가열 보조 인레이 구조는 시공 일관성과 작업 안전성 측면에서도 긍정적인 효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 제안된 열가소성 인레이 노면표시 공법이 장수명과 높은 내구성이 요구되는 고부하 도로 환경에서 적용 가능성이 있음을 나 타낸다.

Here we report self-propagated growth of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) decorated Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) from the pyrolytic graphite rods treated with nitrogen arc plasma. The system so formed is named as LaB6-CNTs. Two pyrolytic graphite rods were used as electrodes in the arc plasma reactor whereas, the LaB6 sample kept onto anode acts as catalyst. The anode left out with residue of LaB6 was exposed to normal atmospheric conditions which show ignition of selfpropagated growth of CNTs decorated with LaB6 . Such growth was observed within a couple of days after exposure to the environment without any external supply of energy. The growth is found to be slow and continues till complete erosion of the pyrolytic graphite block. The self-propagated powder obtained was characterized thoroughly using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM and TEM techniques. These nanostructures were found to exhibit efficient field-emitting properties with a low turn-on electric field of ~ 2 V/μm, and a current density of ~ 1.5 A/cm2 at an applied electric field of 1.8 V/m. Therefore, the nanostructures obtained can be explored for electron emission applications.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of cementless concrete using industrial byproducts as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional cement concrete. Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash (FA), and silica fume (SF) were employed as binder materials, and the mechanical performance, plastic shrinkage behavior, and microstructural characteristics of cementless concrete were investigated to verify its applicability as a structural and shotcrete material capable of reducing CO₂ emissions. Cementless concrete mixtures were prepared using GGBFS, FA, and SF as binders, activated by sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate with water-to-binder (W/B) ratios of 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50. Conventional cement concrete with equivalent water ratios was used for comparison. Compressive strength tests were conducted at curing ages of 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Plastic shrinkage cracking was evaluated according to the ASTM C1579 standard. Microstructural development and reaction products were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Cementless concrete with W/B ratios of 0.45 and 0.50 exhibited compressive strength comparable to or higher than that of cement concrete from early ages and demonstrated superior 28-day strength performance. No plastic shrinkage cracking was observed for any mixture, indicating excellent early-age crack resistance. SEM analysis revealed progressive densification of the microstructure owing to the formation of C-(A)-S-H and N-A-S-H gel phases with increasing curing age. XRD results showed limited portlandite formation in cementless concrete, accompanied by an increased development of aluminosilicate reaction products after 7 days, resulting in reduced porosity and enhanced structural compactness. Experimental results confirmed that cementless concrete incorporating industrial byproducts can achieve mechanical performance and durability characteristics comparable to or exceeding those of conventional cement concrete when an appropriate W/B ratio is applied. Reduced portlandite formation and dominant alkali-activated reaction products contributed to the improved chemical stability and resistance to deterioration. Therefore, cementless concrete has a strong potential as a sustainable construction material capable of reducing CO₂ emissions while maintaining its structural performance, particularly for shotcrete applications.

Due to the severity of environmental degradation and depletion of natural energy resources, research on sustainable energy storage systems have become quite popular. Supercapacitor is one of the most innovative and promising type of energy storage devices. The effective performance of supercapacitor greatly depends on the electrode material. Therefore, new type of nanocomposite has been fabricated with βCD-stabilized CuO nanoparticles (CuO-βCD NPs) on Co-Al layered double hydroxide (Co-Al LDH) utilizing solvothermal process. The wet impregnation technique facilitates the formation of three distinct CuO-βCD/Co-Al LDH nanocomposites in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 by promoting the growth of CuO-βCD on Co-Al LDH in corresponding compositions. Synthesized nanocomposites are characterized using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. The average pore size of 2:1 CuO-βCD/Co-Al LDH is 1.7 nm whereas the specific surface area and approximate pore volume of this nanocomposite are 38.306 m2 g− 1 and 0.043 cm3 g− 1, respectively. Electrochemical investigations like cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurements and along with cycle stability studies are performed to examine the electrochemical performance of synthesized nanocomposites. The 2:1 ratio has revealed improved specific capacitance (SC) of 1567 F g− 1 at 0.45 A g− 1 in 1 M potassium hydroxide medium in three electrode systems and maintains 76% of its original SC even after 5000 cycles. The improved electrochemical performance of 2:1 ratio reveals the appropriateness of this material as an effective electrode for supercapacitor application.

This paper reviews MAX phases (bulk) and their 2D derivative, MXenes, focusing on synthesis methods, properties, and applications. Traditional and advanced synthesis techniques, including solid-state synthesis and spark plasma sintering, are examined, emphasizing structural diversity. Key characteristics, such as thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical resilience, are explored alongside their mechanisms. The review also highlights advancements in energy harvesting applications, such as H 2 production, solar cells, energy storage, catalysis, spintronics, electronic devices, and environmental remediation. Additionally, future research directions are outlined to address existing gaps and enhance their role in next-generation technologies and environmental remediation.

This study investigates the Dunhuang medallion patterns of the Tang Dynasty as its primary focus, conducting a systematic analysis of their morphological structures and color characteristics across four distinct historical phases, from the Early to the Late Tang periods. It also elucidates the evolution of patterns, tracing their transformation from the Early Tang's “cross” structure to the Middle-Late Tang's “six-partition” structure. Additionally, it interprets the sociological and cultural significance embedded within this progression. The study integrates shape grammar theory to create a layered deconstruction framework for pattern analysis based on split grammar principles and proposes an innovative design methodology that includes four deduction rules: generative, modifying, inherited, and derivative. New patterns are generated through vectorized extraction and regularized deduction, preserving traditional elements while aligning with modern aesthetics. The method's feasibility and utility were validated through a practical case using the design on a silk scarf, completing a research cycle of “analysis-extraction-derivation-validation.” Research shows that shape grammar provides a systematic method for innovating traditional patterns, while the resulting framework opens new avenues for reinterpreting cultural heritage.

Exosome-like Particles (ELPs) derived from natural products have already attained great interest in drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Among these, mushroom-derived exosome-like particles (MELPs) remain an unexplored group with immense biomedical potential. Since the medicinal and edible mushrooms are rich in bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, and phenolic acids, there is a great chance that their ELPs also carry these compounds during their biogenesis. Hence, MELPs with these beneficial compounds, exhibiting favorable conditions such as nano-size, stability, and cellular uptake properties, should be considered a novel potential natural nano-carrier. Here, we detail the current understanding of MELPs in terms of their biological functions, physicochemical characteristics, molecular cargo, and isolation methods. We also highlight their potential applications in cancer therapy, immune modulation, inflammation, and microbiome regulation. Moreover, we outline the challenges and future directions for standardizing the isolation protocol to yield large-scale production and elucidate the mechanistic pathways. As MELP’s research advances, it may emerge as the next generation of nano-carriers in natural therapeutics and green nanomedicine.

Human space exploration increasingly relies on sustainable, self-regenerating biological systems to address challenges such as radiation protection, habitat materials, life-support stability, and food production. In recent years, mushrooms and filamentous fungi have emerged as promising biological platforms because of their metabolic versatility, structural robustness, and adaptability to extreme environmental conditions. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on fungal and mycelium-based technologies pertinent to space missions and assess their potential for application in Lunar and Martian habitats. It also emphasizes recent advancements in fungal radiation shielding, mycelium-based construction materials, bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS), waste recycling, and nutrient-rich food production. The field of fungal synthetic biology has seen significant advancements, particularly in the engineering of melanin pathways, development of self-healing mycelial materials, and integration of bioelectronic functionalities, all of which contribute to pioneering “living material” concepts. Insights from spaceflight and microgravity simulation studies were integrated to evaluate the technological readiness of these innovations and identify persisting challenges. Thus, mycelium-based systems present a versatile and scalable approach for future spacehabitat development. However, challenges remain, including regulating growth in microgravity, ensuring mechanical reliability, maintaining biosafety, and achieving long-term radiation resistance. Consequently, targeted research integrating space biology experiments, genetic engineering, and advanced biomanufacturing is recommended to facilitate the adoption of fungal technologies for sustainable, long-term missions.

본 연구는 현대 사회에서 향수가 단순한 미용 제품을 넘어 감성 표현과 문화적 상징, 그리 고 산업적 가치로 확장되고 있음을 전제로, 향수의 다층적 특성과 향후 활용 가능성을 규명하고자 하였 다. 이를 위해 2016년부터 2025년까지의 향수 관련 문헌 74편을 구글 학술검색을 통해 수집·분석하였으 며, 예술·문화, 기호·디자인, 보건·산업화, 판매 전략·기술융합의 네 그룹으로 분류하여 정량적 비중과 내 용적 특성을 함께 검토하였다. 그 결과, 향수 연구는 예술성과 문화적 상징성, 소비자 기호와 디자인 요 소, 심리·생리적 효용, 그리고 디지털 기술과 결합한 판매 전략 등 다양한 관점에서 다층적으로 전개되 고 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 최근에는 디지털 환경 변화에 따라 감성 기반 판매 전략과 기술융합을 중 심으로 한 연구가 증가하는 경향을 보이며, 향수가 감성 정보와 기술이 융합된 산업적 정보물로 확장되 고 있음을 시사하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 향수는 예술, 디자인, 보건, 기술이 교차하는 다학제적 매체 로서, 감성 중심의 브랜드 전략과 개인화된 경험 설계가 가능한 핵심 매개체임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향수 연구의 흐름을 통합적으로 정리함으로써 감성 디자인과 기술융합 기반 산업 응용을 위한 기초자료 로 활용 될 것으로 사료된다.