본 연구는 고령화 시대 노인들의 인지능력 향상을 위한 애플 리케이션 사례 분석 연구이다. App Store와 Play Store에서 ‘인 지’, ‘노인인지’, ‘인지 향상’, ‘인지 향상게임’을 조사 후 카테고 리 18개로 분류했다. 분류한 카테고리와 Lotca-G도구로 활용하 여 인지능력 특성 9가지를 도출했다. 연구자들의 인지 능력향 상 선행연구를 조사, 분석하고 인지능력 특성을 도출했다. App Store와 Play Store에서 ‘인지’, ‘노인인지’, ‘인지 향상’, ‘인지 향 상게임’을 조사 후 인지 능력향상 앱(App)을 분류했다. 분류한 인지 능력향상 앱(App)을 바탕으로 노인 인지능력 특성을 가지 고 노인의 인지능력 향상에 영향이 있는지 분석한다. 인지능력 향상 관련 선행연구를 살펴보면 대부분의 영역(집중력, 기억력, 사고력, 주의력, 지남력, 시지각 능력 등) 인지능력 향상됨을 을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만 나이가 드신 노인들은 순발력에서 향 상이 되지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 기능성 애플리케이션에서 도 인지능력 향상을 확인할 수 있었다. 선행연구에서의 인지능 력 특성보다 앱에서 더 많은 인지능력 특성이 표출되었다. 또 한 선행연구보다 색다르고 흥미를 유발하고 모든 남녀노소가 할 수 있게 난이도 조절, 개인별 기록, 적합한 정확한 난이도 수준을 볼 수 있다. 기능성 앱에서 정신 민첩성 능력, 감정조절 능력, 유연성, 도전적, 암산, 추론, 연산, 어휘력, 관찰력, 지적인 자극, 명상, 영어, 신체활동의 새로운 인지능력 특성 단어를 확 인할 수 있었다.

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been the subject of extensive research for their potential applications in various fields, including photovoltaics and medicine. In recent years, researchers have focused their attention on CNMs as their high electrical conductivity, low cost, and large surface area are promising in replacing traditional platinum-based counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In addition to their electrical properties, CNMs have also displayed antibacterial activity, making them an attractive option for medical applications. The combination of CNMs with metal oxides to form composite materials represents a promising approach with significant potential in various fields, including energy and biology. Here, we introduce porous carbon nanospheres (PCNS) derived from Cocos nucifera L. and its ZnO composite (PCNS/ZnO) as an alternative material, which opens up new research insights for platinum-free counter electrodes. Bifacial DSSCs produced using PCNS-based counter electrodes achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 3.98% and 2.02% for front and rear illumination, respectively. However, with PCNS/ZnO composite-based counter electrodes, the efficiency of the device increased significantly, producing approximately 5.18% and 4.26% for front and rear illumination, respectively. Moreover, these CNMs have shown potential as antibacterial agents. Compared to PCNS, PCNS/ZnO composites exhibited slightly superior antibacterial activity against tested bacterial strains, including gram-positive Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and gram-negative Vibrio harveyi (V. harveyi) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) with MIC values of 125, 250, 125, and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. It is plausible that the outcomes observed were influenced by the synergistic effects of the composite material.

The development of thermoelectric (TE) materials to replace Bi2Te3 alloys is emerging as a hot issue with the potential for wider practical applications. In particular, layered Zintl-phase materials, which can appropriately control carrier and phonon transport behaviors, are being considered as promising candidates. However, limited data have been reported on the thermoelectric properties of metal-Sb materials that can be transformed into layered materials through the insertion of cations. In this study, we synthesized FeSb and MnSb, which are used as base materials for advanced thermoelectric materials. They were confirmed as single-phase materials by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns. Based on electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity of both materials characterized as a function of temperature, the zT values of MnSb and FeSb were calculated to be 0.00119 and 0.00026, respectively. These properties provide a fundamental data for developing layered Zintl-phase materials with alkali/alkaline earth metal insertions.

본 연구는 소나무재선충병 피해지의 식생복원을 위해 조림된 편백을 대상으로 토양개량제의 처리 효과를 조사하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 2007년 소나무재선충병 피해지에 모두베기 후 조림된 8년생 편백을 대상으로 2013년부터 2016년까지 4년 동안 목탄과 톱밥을 두 수준의 복합비료 (N6:P4:K1, N3:P4:K1)에 혼합 처리한 토양개량제 처리구와 무시비구(대조구)를 대상으로 임목 생장, 토양 및 잎 양분 특성을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 흉고직경 또는 수고 생장량과 측정시기에 대한 선형회귀식의 회귀계수(slope)는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, Biomass 증가량은 토양개량제 처리구와 대조구 사이의 회귀계수에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 그러나 복합비료의 시비 수준의 회귀계수는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 토양 EC를 제외한 토양 호흡, 토양온도, 토양수분 함량, 토양 pH는 토양개량제 처리구와 대조구 및 시비 수준 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 토양의 화학적 특성 중 유기탄소와 전질소 농도는 토양개량제 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 값을 보였으나, 유효 인, 교환성 칼슘 및 마그네슘은 토양개량제 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 크게 나타났다. 잎의 질소 및 인 농도는 토양개량제 처리구가 대조구에 비해 증가하였으나, 칼륨과 마그네슘 농도는 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 소나무재선충병 피해지 식생복원을 위한 편백 조림지에 토양개량제 처리는 양분 유효도의 향상 및 조림목의 바이오매스 증가에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

목적: 본 연구는 애플리케이션 기반의 인지중재에 대한 국내연구를 대상으로 치료의 대상, 유형과 효과에 대해 체계적으로 분석함으로써 인지재활 분야에서의 애플리케이션 활용에 대한 근거를 제시하고자 한다. 연구 방법: 자료수집은 국내 학술논문 데이터베이스인 DBpia, e-article, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS)을 사용하여 2010년 1월부터 2023년 6월까지 게재된 논문을 대상으로 문헌을 검색하였다. 검색어는 (“어플리케이션” OR “애플리케이션” OR “앱” OR “태블릿” OR “아이패드”) AND (“인지” OR “기억력” OR “주의집중력” OR “문제해결” OR “실행기능”)이었다. 검색된 총 4 3 9편의 문헌 중 최종적으로 12편을 선정하였다. 연구 결과: 선정된 12편의 문헌에서 질적 수준 Ⅰ단계에 해당하는 무작위대조군 연구는 5편으로 파악되었으며. 대상자는 주로 성인(75%)이었고, 질환으로는 뇌졸중(33.3%)이 가장 많았다. 중재된 인지영역은 기억력과 주의력이 각각 10편으로 가장 많았고 다음으로는 시각인지로 5편이었다. 12편의 문헌에서 총 18개의 애플리케 이션이 이용되었다. 애플리케이션을 이용한 인지중재는 인지 기능뿐만 아니라 일상생활수행, 삶의 질, 우울, 불안, 치료선호도 등과 관련된 기능 향상에도 유의미한 효과를 나타냈다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 애플리케이션이 인지 중재를 지원하는 유망한 치료도구임을 확인하였으며, 애플리케이션을 활용한 디지털 인지재활의 근거 기반 중재를 위해, 관련 연구의 질적 수준, 대상, 중재 방법, 효과 유무 등에 대한 정보를 제공하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 인지중재의 임상적 효과의 일반화를 위해 관련 연구의 활성화가 필요하며, 이에 본 연구의 정보가 기초자료로 활용될 수 있길 기대한다.

Most fishing nets used in fish cage aquaculture are made of synthetic fibers such as polyamide (PA) and polyethylene (PE). Therefore, it is challenging to maintain the internal volume of the fish cage due to biofouling, which can increase the load on the cage or reduce dissolved oxygen levels by impeding smooth current flow. To address this issue, research has been conducted to replace conventional synthetic fiber cage nets with brass nets, demonstrating certain benefits such as improved productivity and ease of fish cage management. However, given the need for a more thorough examination of brass fishing net weaving technology and performance, this study assessed the optimal weaving method for brass fishing nets to be used in fish cages. Additionally, it provided essential data for the practical application of brass fishing nets by evaluating their weight, tensile strength, elongation, fatigue resistance, and wear resistance. The study concluded that weaving brass fishing nets using the chain link method ensures durability, ease of installation, and compact storage in a scroll-like form. Moreover, due to their superior fatigue and wear resistance properties, brass nets can offer increased utility if appropriate net diameter and length are selected to compensate for their higher weight per unit area and relatively higher cost compared to existing fiber fishing nets.

In the current study, the epoxy material was mixed with 10%, and 30% weight percent carbon material as filler in different thicknesses (1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2 cm). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements showed the average size of the nano-carbon was 20 nm with a standard deviation of 5 nm. The morphology of samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed the flatness of the epoxy surface, and when the content of carbon increases, the connection between the epoxy array and carbon increases. The compression test indicates the effect of nano-size on enhancing the mechanical properties of the studied samples. To survey the shielding properties of the epoxy/carbon composites using gamma-rays emitted from Am-241, Ba-133, Cs-137, Co-60, and Eu-152 sources, which covered a wide range of energies from 0.059 up to 1.408 MeV, the gamma intensity was measured using the NaI (Tl) detector. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients were calculated by obtaining the area under each peak of the energy spectrum observed from Genie 2000 software in the presence and absence of the sample. The experimental results obtained were compared theoretically with XCOM software. The comparison examined the validity of experimental results where the relative division rate ranged between 0.02 and 2%. Also, the measurement of the relative division rate between linear attenuation coefficients of microand nano-composites was found to range from 0.9 to 21% The other shielding parameters are calculated at the same range of energy, such as a half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth-value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), and the buildup factors (EBF and EABF). The data revealed a consistent reduction in the particle size of the shielding material across various weight percentages, resulting in enhanced radiation shielding capabilities. The sample that contains 30% nano-carbon has the lowest values of TVL (29.4 cm) and HVL (8.85 cm); moreover, it has the highest value of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), which makes it the best in its ability to attenuate radiation.

기존의 사후경과시간(PMI) 추정 방법은 대략적인 사후경과시간의 추정, 사후 48~72시간 경과 또는 부패 시 추정 불가능이라는 문제가 발생하여 최근에는 법의곤충학(Medicolegal entomology)을 통한 최소 사후 경과시간 (PMImin) 추정이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 이로 인해 시식성파리의 발육 성장속도 파악은 시체의 최소 사후 경과시간 추정에 있어 효과적인 도구로 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 곱슬털쉬파리(Parasarcophaga. similis)를 사육대상 종으로 선정하였다. P. similis는 부패한 시체를 섭식하는 시식성파리 중 하나로서, 발육 성장 속도에 따른 법곤충 학적(Forensic entomology) 최소 사후 경과시간을 추정하는 데 중요한 지표가 된다. 실험에 사용된 대상종의 경우, 경북 칠곡군 지천면 일대에서 6~9월경 야외쉬파리 채집하였고, 종 동정, 사육 및 증식, 예비 실험을 거친 후 본실험 을 진행하였다. 본실험은 산란 집단 케이지 내에서 산란 유도 후 12시간 간격으로 6개체를 샘플링하였고, 이를 Leica M125 Microscope (Leica Microsystems, Germany), EG-2HDNL(이지테크, Korea)로 이미지와 측정치를 확보 하였다. P. similis를 16~34°C 사이 7개의 온도 조건에서 성장 속도 측정을 3회 반복 실험하였으며, 곱슬털쉬파리의 최초 출현시점, 특정 온도 조건 별 발육 성장 속도 측정, 유충 몸길이 데이터, 이미지 자료, 표본 등을 확보하였다. 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34°C에서 P. similis의 알에서 성충까지의 발달 기간은 각각 822.0±5.9, 605.0±12.2, 442.3±9.4, 339.3±6.1, 289.3±7.5, 253.0±8.0, and 248.7±3.4h이 경과함을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 P. similis의 성장과정 데이터와 PMImin추정을 위한 지표로서 활용가능한 데이터를 제공한다.

This presentation explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in entomology beyond traditional image analysis. It highlights AI's potential in auditory and olfactory analysis, areas less explored in entomological research. Utilizing machine learning, AI enhances insect classification and ecosystem assessment through improved analysis of existing data. The discussion includes AI's capability in developing indices for habitat evaluation using insects as bioindicators, emphasizing its versatility across different research areas within entomology. This approach aims to broaden the scope of AI applications, promoting a deeper understanding of ecological dynamics through entomological studies.

The coatings based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly developed for their applications, among others, in medicine, in particular for implants in implantology, cardiology, and neurology. The present review paper aims at a detailed demonstration of different preparation methods for such coatings, their performance, and relationships between deposition parameters and microstructure and material, mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological properties. The thermal and electrostatic spraying, electrophoretic and electrocathodic deposition, and laser methods are presented. Characterization of microstructure of coatings, topography, morphology, adhesion of CNTs to a substrate, mechanical behavior, corrosion resistance, wettability, cytotoxicity, bioactivity, and antibacterial protection are reviewed for different deposition methods and parameters. The state-of-the-art in the field of carbon nanotubes shows a considerable number of research performed on CNTs coatings. The different forms of CNTs, deposition methods, parameters, and substrates were applied as process variables. The microstructures and surface homogeneity, chemical and phase compositions, mechanical properties at the micro- and nanoscale such as coating Young`s modulus and hardness, interface adhesion strength and delaminating force, open corrosion potential and corrosion current density, contact angle in wettability assessment, and bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial efficiency among biological properties were determined. The summary of so far achievements, strengths and weaknesses, and important future research necessary for clarification of some weak points, development of non-toxic, mechanically and chemically resistant, bioactive, and antibacterial multicomponent coatings based on functionalized CNTs are proposed.

Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel type of fluorescent nanoparticles with a particle size smaller than 10 nm. They possess several advantageous properties, including excellent biocompatibility, light stability, water solubility, and low toxicity. CDs have been widely researched in recent years. As a treasure of ancient Chinese science, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is rich in various active ingredients and has a variety of pharmacodynamic effects, which have been used for thousands of years. TCM-CDs prepared with TCM as carbon source can create some special functions and then may play a greater medicinal value. The purpose of this review was to engage in an in-depth conversation about the use of TCM-CDs in medical therapy and bioimaging. Firstly, this study provides a comprehensive exploration of different synthesis methods for TCM-CDs, comparing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, the intrinsic pharmacological activity of TCMCDs, encompassing antibacterial, hypoglycemic, hemostatic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects, is mainly discussed, alongside their underlying mechanisms of action. Additionally, investigations into in vitro imaging of diverse cell types and the distribution and uptake of TCM-CDs under in vivo imaging guidance are presented. Finally, the significance of TCM-CD research, key challenges and issues within this field, and future directions for development are summarized and outlined.

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has become an indispensable tool in efforts to develop the next generation of nanoelectronic devices, given its achievable nanometer spatial resolution and highly versatile ability to measure a variety of properties. Recently a new scanning probe microscope was developed to overcome the tip degradation problem of the classic SPM. The main advantage of this new method, called Reverse tip sample (RTS) SPM, is that a single tip can be replaced by a chip containing hundreds to thousands of tips. Generally for use in RTS SPM, pyramid-shaped diamond tips are made by molding on a silicon substrate. Combining RTS SPM with Scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) using the diamond tip offers the potential to perform 3D profiling of semiconductor materials. However, damage frequently occurs to the completed tips because of the complex manufacturing process. In this work, we design, fabricate, and evaluate an RTS tip chip prototype to simplify the complex manufacturing process, prevent tip damage, and shorten manufacturing time.