담배가루이 방제는 대부분 화학적 방제에 의존하므로 약제저항성 증가가 야기되므로, 트랩식물을 이용한 대체 방제법 개발을 위해 허브식물들에 대한 담배가루이의 기주 선호성을 조사하였다. 완주군에 있는 국립원예특작과 학원 내 토마토온실에서 실험을 진행하였으며, 허브 식물로 레몬밤, 초코민트, 로즈제라늄, 애플제라늄을 지면으로부터 50 cm와 작물 상단부의 30 cm 위치에 각각 설치하여 담배가루이 밀도를 조사하였다. 허브식물의 설치 위치별 담배가루이 밀도를 각각 조사한 결과 레몬밤이 설치된 곳에서 높았으며 로즈제라늄과 애플제라늄은 오히려 기피하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 유인제, 기피제 및 트랩 식물을 포함한 허브 식물을 사용하는 담배가루이의 대체 방제법 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Whilst companies try to attract talents through different means (e.g., financial incentives, flexible working hours), it is discussed that particularly high-quality candidates value information about a company’s ethicality. However, the influence of ethical market signals on talents’ intention to pursue with a job application is not well understood. Particularly in the digital context, it must be considered that companies can control some ethical market signals (e.g., ethical certifications in job advertisements), while others are beyond their control (e.g., ethical electronic word-of-mouth (eWoM)). The present study extends previous research related to job hiring by exploring how both signals affect talents’ job pursuit intention, and which factors mediate the influence of ethical market signals on job pursuit intention. To test the hypotheses, an online study was conducted with 265 university students. The results reveal that both types of ethical market signals increase an applicant’s job pursuit intention, although the effect appears to be stronger for eWoM. Furthermore, both signals enhance candidates’ willingness to apply for a job through affecting the attitude towards the advertisement and company employment image. Moreover, self-referencing is an additional mediator for the influence of eWoM on job pursuit intention. This suggests that candidates relate the information to their self-concept when others promote the ethicality of a company online. In summary, the present study helps to better understand how talents can be attracted to apply for a company, which positions itself as an ethical employer in the context of increasingly digitalized recruitment environments.

Stathmooda masinissa is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests which damaging the furit of persimmon. Its pheromone composition has been idetified as (E4,Z6)-4,6-hexadecadienyl acetate (E4,Z6-16Ac) and (E4,Z6)-4,6-hexadecadien-1-ol (E4,Z6-16OH). We evaluated electrophysiological response of (E4,Z6)-4,6-hexadecadienal (E4,Z6-16Ald) and attractivenss of E4,Z6-16Ald by combination of two pheromone components. E4,Z6-16Ald evolked electrophysiological responses as same to that of two pheromones. The lure combined with E4,Z6-16Ald and two pheromone components attracted more male S. masiissa.

본 연구는 토마토에 대하여 가지가 트랩식물로써 담배가루이를 효과적으로 유인할 수 있을지에 대한 잠재성을 평가하였다. 큰망초, 가지, 오이, 토마토에 대한 담배가루이의 선호성을 비교하기 위하여 선택성 조사가 수행되었다. 담배가루이 성충은 후각적인 자극보다는 시각적인 자 극에 더 민감함을 보여주었고 큰망초보다는 오이와 가지를 더 선호하였다. 가지와 오이의 담배가루이 유인률은 각각 82.3%와 82.5% 였다. 가지 는 오이보다 관리측면에서 더 쉽기 때문에 우리는 본 실험에서 오이를 제외하였다. 담배가루이 성충에 대한 가지의 유인률은 토마토의 초장과 같 거나 더 클 때 90% 이상 이었다.

Recently LED fish-attracting lamps have been more widely used in fisheries as low-cost and high-efficiency fishing gear, and development of long-life high-efficiency lamps is required through the design of LED packages to optimize heat resistance. This study developed an improved LED fish-attracting lamp with excellent heat performance, which was verified using a numerical model. Heat-resistance design factors such as the heat-radiation fin shape, PCB type, and LED chip count were investigated and optimized. Comparison with a commercial 180-W LED fishing lamp showed that the increase in initial temperature was 40% higher than that of the surrounding LED chip because of design errors in contact thermal resistance. The 250-W LED lamp developed in this study has a characteristic with thermal rising in linearly stable according to the heat source. In addition, luminance efficiency was improved by 20-65% by using flow-visualization simulation. A decrease of 45% in total power consumption with a fuel-cost reduction of over 55% can be expected when using these optimized heat release design factors.

In insects, the sense of smell is a complex and highly sensitive modality, governing essential decisions such as choice of food and oviposition sites. Plants emit substantial amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the characteristic scent represents a dynamic communication channel. Understanding this odor-mediated system is critically important in the habitat management and in the largest view of the conservation biological control. Here we suggest that the fitness of the egg parasitoid ,an important biological control agent of the green vegetable bug may be improved through the understanding of chemical communication in the biological control system. Initially, the attractiveness of four flowering plant species, chosen from apanelofplants based on the longevity of the eggparasitoid on these plants, to T. basalis was assessed, which indicated significant behavioral attraction of T. basalis to the buckwheat flowers. Subsequently, and GC-MS analysis were carried out to identify the olfactory-active VOC semanated from buck wheat, demonstrating that the antennalol factory receptor neurons of T. basalis were responsive to some aliphatic acids as well as a few common plant volatiles. In behavioral bioassays using synthetic formulation based on the chemical and electrophysiological analysis, T. basalis exhibited significant behavioral attraction to the synthetic blend at optimum dose. The findings, in a wider perspective, form the basis for further improvement of the use of the companion plants that may increase the insects’ communities’ ability to persist in an environment.

This paper aims to suggest a validity analysis model that would be helpful for local governments considering u-City construction projects and a methodology for them to promote build-transfer-lease (BTL) u-City projects. This methodology mainly uses quanti

As local governments have difficulties in financing U-City projects very much at once, investment from private sectors is necessary. This paper propose methodologies about preliminary feasibility study of private investment in U-City construction. They are concrete shapes of feasibility study methodologies of KDI PIMAC to meet U-City construction. They are feasibility study of private investment by policies of the local government and the central government, methodologies of financial VFM analysis to cost during a U-City project, methodologies of qualitative VFM analysis of project management, U-City service quality and operation efficiency of U-City infrastructure . They give concrete examples of the Ansan U-City project.

This study was conducted to determine pheromone trap type and height in forecasting populations of R. clavatus in soybean fields using pheromone. The most effective pheromone trap type and height in forecasting populations of R. clavatus were fish trap and 60 ㎝ above ground. Ratio of R. clavatus adults female and male in soybean field was 1.5 to 1 and Piezodorus hybneri was also attracted to the aggregation pheromone trap of R. clavatus. Attractiveness of two stink bug species caught on synthesis pheromone of R. clavatus was surveyed with imported production and synthesized production. Imported pheromone attracted only adult of R. clavatus, but synthesized pheromone attracted both adult of R. clavatus and P. hybneri. Change of population of R. clavatus was observed using pheromone trap and sweeping method in soybean field. Adults of R. clavatus occurred from early August and the population reached its peak in early September when pheromone trap was used. In case of sweeping method, its fluctuation pattern was similar to that of pheromone trap.

In order to develop the substitutive materials for natural baits of swimming crab pots, the attracting effects of swimming crab such as the preference of baits which were made of the by-products of marine and stock raising through the water tank experiments and fishing experiments. On the investigation of mean entrapped catch number to the pot by the baits after putting the 4 kinds of baits, mackerel(M), mackerel with grinded mackerel s internals(MMI), mackerel with tuna s internalsMMI) and makerel with grinded krill(MK) each in one pot by turns, MMI and MK were entrapped mean 3.9(13.0%) and they were a little more comparing to M, and MTI is least with mean 2.1(7.0%)(F=12.913, P 〈 0.05). Otherwise, on the preference investigation of swimming crabs by the baits after putting the 4 kinds of baits in the 4 pots each, M was entrapped mean 3.0(10%), but MMI, MTI and MK were mean 1.2(4.0%), 1.0(3.3%) and 1.5(5.0%) each and they were only 30-50% of M(F=13.398, P 〈 0.05). On the preference investigation of swimming crabs by the 5 kinds of baits, mackerel(M), and krill(K), manila clam(MC), pig s fat(PF) and chicken s head(CH) which were used in substitutive baits, M was entrapped mean 3.2(10.7%), but K was about 50% of catch of M with mean 1.6(5.3%), and MC, PF and CH were very few with mean 0.1-0.2(0.3-0.7%)(F=89.186, P 〈 0.05). On the preference investigation of swimming crabs by the pots which were put each the 3 kinds of baits, original krill(K), grinded krill with gluten and soybean oil cake(KGGS) and grinded krill with gluten, soybean oil cake and glycine(KGGSGL) in the blue fluorescent hexahedral plastic bait cages(BF), and which were put the mackerel(M) in the non-fluorescent hexahedral red plastic bait cage(RFN), it was entrapped mean 3.0(10.0%) in the pot which was put the mackerel in the RFN, and the same level in the pots which were put the K and KGGSGL in the BF, but it was mean 2.0(6.7%) in the pots which was put the KGGS in BF and it was decreased by 30% of catch comparing to RFN(F=3.750, P 〈 0.05). On the preference investigation of swimming crab by the pots which was put grinded tuna with gluten, soybean oil cake and glycine(TIGSGL) in the blue fluorescent hexahedral plastic bait cage(BF), and which was put mackerel(M) in the nonfluorescent hexahedral red plastic bait cage(RFN), it was entrapped mean 3.3(11.0%) in the pot which was put mackerel in RFN, and mean 2.7(9.0%) in the pot which was put TIGSGL in BF and it was about 15% less comparing to use bait M(t=1.387, P 〈 0.05). As a results of fishing experiments, a plan for enhancing catching efficiency of TIGSGL will be required because catching efficiency of TIGSGL, alternative bait, was half of fish catching efficiency of natural bait using mackerel. Fishing experiments were conducted 3 times using reinforced substitutive artificial bait that is reinforced attractive effect of TIGSGL and composed of tuna intestine, grinded mackerel, gluten, soybean cake, glycine and alanine(TIMGGSGLA). Catching efficiency of TIMGGSGLA was about 80% of that of natural bait made of mackerel.

In order to develop the artificial bait of trap for swimming crabs, the attracting effect was analyzed in the duration time of attracting effect, preference and shape recognition to the bait in the water tank and field experiments. According to the result which investigated the mean entrapped number of swimming crabs into the trap for each bait(mackerel, sardine and anchovy) in water tank experiments, the mean entrapped number was found to be higher in the trap with mackerel(6.9 ind.; 23.0%) than in other traps with sardine(5.2 ind.; 17.3%) and anchovy(3.4 ind.; 11.3%). In addition, the mean entrapped ratios of swimming crabs into the traps for 3 kinds of baits were estimated to be over 80% all in 5 hours after soaked in the water tank. For preference of swimming crabs to 3 kinds of baits, the trap with mackerel(6.9 ind.; 23.0%) was evaluated to be higher than the traps with sardine(2.8 ind.; 9.3%) and anchovy(0.2 ind.; 0.7%). In the field experiments, the mean entrapped number of swimming crabs into the trap with mackerel and sardine were found to be similar as 120 and 118 ind., but the trap with anchovy was only 85 ind.. According to the result which investigated the shape regnition of swimming crabs to the bait used mackerel, divided into 8 pieces, 16 pieces and grinded mass in water tank experiments, the mean entrapped number of swimming crabs into the traps that includes the mackerel divided into several pieces was significantly decreased. Moreover, by the presence of skin of mackerel for bait, there was a great difference in the entrapped number of swimming crabs. Therefore, it was thought that the swimming crab was attracted to the bait and entrapped into the trap would indicate that not only the chemical stimuli such as the attactant, but also the visual stimuli such as the shape recognition to the bait might be closely related.

The author examined the response of Amberjacks, Seriola quinqueradiata [TEMMINCI et SCHLIBEL] to the surface attracting lamps (0.5W, 0.8W, 1W) line in the experimental water tank (550 L×58W×73Hcm).The attracting rate was investigated in accordance with the intervals of lighting and putting out hour (1,5 minute) when each of the attracting lamps was gradually switched off after they were switched on all at once. The results are as follows:1. Total distribution rate of fish in the illuminated section was 92.4% (mean 18.5%) in case of 1 minute interval, and 95.8% (mean 19.2%) in case of 5 minutes interva. 2. Mean distribution rate of fish at the illuminated section: Distribution rate at interval of 1 minute were 19.0% in 1W, 18.4% in 0.5W, and 18.0% in 0.8W respectively. distribution rate at interval of 5 minutes were 19.5% in 1W, 19.2% in 0.5 W, and 18.8% in 0.8W respectively.3. Attracting rates of the last section showed very much increasing as illuminating time elapsed, but there was a little difference of attracting rates according to interval and lighting source. 4. Attracting rate of fish in only last section switched on : Attracting rate at interval in case of 1 minute were 97.0% in 1W, 86.0% in 0.8W and 74.0% in 0.5W respectively. Attracting rate at interval in case of 5 minutes were 97.3% in 1W, 90.0% in 0.5W and 88.0% in 0.8W respectively.

For the purpose of leading horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus schools, mackerel Scomber japonicus schools and arrow squid Todarodes pacificus schools, which migrate to the Cheju coast and are caught by the set-net, to the set-net by attracting lamps, we made five attracting lamps and took a practical experiment in the Gwiduk and Dongbuk set-net fishing ground. In the set-net with two bag-nets, we compared the amount of catch of both bag-nets by the means of switching on and off the each attracting lamps in order, switching off the attracting lamps in order which had been switched on and moving an attracting lamp.In the bag-net with an attracting lamp, horse mackerel, mackerel and arrow squid were caught the most, on the other hand, yellow tail Seriola quinqueradiata, striped mullet Mugil cephalus were caught in large quantities in the bag-net without attracting lamp. File fish Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Dusky spinefoot Siganus fuscescens were caught evenly in both bag-nets regardless of an attracting lamp.This result indicates that the amount of horse mackerel, mackerel, arrow squid can be increased by the use of attracting lamps in the set-net fishing method.

We selected horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus, mackerel Scomber japonicus and arrow squid Todarodes pacificus, to use in the experiment. These fishes migrate to the Cheju coast and were caught by set-net. We studied the leading effect on the fish schools using the attracting lamps in an outdoor water tank at the Marine Research Institute in Cheju National University. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The attracting rate of fish schools was increasing as the time between switching on and off each lamp was getting longer when each of the attracting lamps was switched on and off in order. However, the attracting rate of mackerel school showed a tendency to be higher than that of the other two species. 2. The attracting rate of fish schools was increasing as the time of switching off the lamps was getting longer when the attracting lamps which had been switched on were switched off in order. However, the attracting rate of mackerel school showed a tendency to be higher than that of the other two species. 3. The attracting rate of fish schools was decreasing as the speed of moving the attracting lamp was getting faster when the attracting lamp was moving. However, the attracting rate of mackerel school showed a tendency be higher than that of the other two species. 4. To determine the distance between the attracting lamps, there would be two methods. One is switching on and off the attracting lamps in order, and the other is switching off the attracting lamps in order which had been switched on. The methods showed that the attracting rate of fish schools were decreasing as the distance between the attracting lamps were getting longer. However, the attracting rate of mackerel school showed a tendency to be higher than that of the other two species.

The author examined the response of Yoroi-mebaru, Sebastes hubbsi [MATSUBARA] to the underwater attracting lamps (0.5 W, 0.8 W, 1 W) line in the experimental water tank (550 L x 58 W x 73 H cm). The attracting rate investigated in accordance with the intervals of lighting and putting out hour (1, 5 minutes) when each of the underwater attracting lamps was gradually switched off after they were switched on all at once. The results are a follows: 1. Distribution rates of fish in the illuminated area was 35.7 % in case of 1 minute interval, and 50.3 % in case of 5 minutes interval. 2. Mean distribution rate of fish at the illuminated section: \circled1 Distribution rates at interval of 1 minute were 9.8 % in 1 W, 6.5 % in 0.8 W and 5.1 % in 0.5 W, respectively. \circled2 Distribution rates at interval of 5 minutes were 15.6 % in 1 W, 8.5 % in 0.5 W and 6.1 % in 0.8 W, respectively. 3. Attracting rates of the last section showed a little increasing as illuminating time elapsed. A difference of attracting rates according to lighting source in 5 minutes interval were bigger than that in 1 minute interval. 4. Attracting rates of fish in only last section switched on: \circled1 Attracting rates at interval in case of 1 minute were 30.0 % in 0.8 W, 16.0 % in 1 W and 8.0 % in 0.5 W, respectively. \circled2 Attracting rates at interval in case of 5 minutes were 56.0 % in 1 W, 30.7 % in 0.5 W and 10.7 % in 0.8 W. respectively.

제주도 연안 정치망어장에 다량 내유아여 어획되고 있는 전갱이,고등어, 오징어를 실험어로 하여 백열등에 의한 어군의 유집효과와 어군의 유도 효과에 관한 실험을제주대학교 해양연구소 옥외 수조에서 실시한결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 백열등에 대한 전갱이, 고등어, 오징어 어군의 행동은 백열등에 잘 유집되는 경향을 보였으나, 백열등에 대해서 유집하는 적정조도와 반은행동은 어종에 따라 조금씩 다른 경향을 보였다. 2. 유도등을 한 등씩 순차적으로 점등후 소등하는 방법에 의한 전갱이, 고등어, 오징어어군의 행동양식은 어종에 따라서 약간 다르지만, 이들 어군을 목적지까지 유도할 수 있었다. 3. 유도등 3개를 모두 점등한 후 1번 등부터 순차적으로 한 등씩 소등하는 방법에 의한 전갱이, 고등어, 오징어 어군의 행동양식은 어종에 따라서 약간 다르지만, 이들 어군을 목적지까지 유도할 수 있었다. 4. 백열등의 이동에 의한 전갱이, 고등어, 오징어 어군의 행동양식은 어종에 따라서 약간 다르지만, 이들 어군을 목적지까지 유도할 수 있었다.