In recent years, interest in halal authentication from the domestic food and cosmetics field has been growing for advances into the overseas halal market. For halal authentication, the product must not contain haram ingredients derived from pig, dog, human, GMO, etc. In this study, the presence of haram ingredients in plant extracts (carrot, oyster mushroom, and pine needle) treated with papain and bromelain and cosmetics (mask pack and cream) containing these extracts were analyzed by PCR to confirm whether these cosmetics were suitable for halal authentication. Detection limits of the PCR method that specifically detected template DNA of human, pig, dog, and GMO were 1.29×103, 1.14×103, 1.24×102 and 2.02×103 copies/tube, respectively. PCR was not inhibited by the plant extracts or cosmetic ingredients. Results of PCR for the plant extracts or cosmetics containing these extracts were all negative. This PCR method could be used to rapidly identify the presence of haram ingredients in raw materials or final products during the manufacturing process of food and cosmetics.

Advances in information technology, communication and network technology are radically facilitating digital convergences as the integration of human, equipment, and space in the current industry 4.0 era. In industry 4.0 environment, the vast amount of information with networked computing technology can be simultaneously accessible even in limited physical space. Two main benefit points out of these information are the convenience and efficiency in their online transactions either buying things online or selling online. Even though there exist so many benefits that information technology can create for the people doing business over the internet there is a critical problem to be answered. In spite of many such advantages, however, online transactions have many dysfunctions such as personal information leakage, account hacking, and cybercrime. Without preparing the appropriate protection methods or schema people reluctantly use the transaction or would find some other partners with enhanced information security environment. In this paper we suggested a novel selection criteria that can be used to evaluate the reliable means of authentication against the expected risks under on-going IoT based environment. Our selection criteria consists of 4 steps. The first step is services and risk identification step. The second step is evaluation of risk occurrence step. The third step includes the evaluation of the extent of damage. And the final step is the assessment of the level of risk. With the help of the above 4 step-approach people can systematically identify potential risks hiding in the online transactions and effectively avoid by taking appropriate counter actions

본 연구는 국내 유통 감초약재의 원산지 판별을 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 약재로 쓰이는 만주감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis) 및 유럽감초(G. glabra)와 약재로 사용되지 않는 국내 자생종 개감초(G. pallidiflora) 식물의 형태적 차이 및 엽록체와 핵 DNA 구간의 염기서열의 차이를 구명하였다. 감초식물 3종의 형태적 특징을 비교한 결과, 잎과 뿌리에서 차이를 보였다. 특히 잎의 형태에 있어서 중국감초와 유럽감초는난형 혹은 타원형인 반면, 개감초는 엽장/엽폭비가 큰 피침형이었다. 또한 건조된 뿌리로 시중되는 감초 한약재의 경우, 중국산과 한국산은 백색인 반면 우즈베키스탄산은 황백색이었다.감초식물 3종을 대상으로 DNA 수준에서의 차이를 비교한 결과 rpoB2, rpoC1에서는 G. uralensis와 G. glabra가 구분되지않았으며, psbA-trnH의 경우 단 한 구간의 SNP에서 차이를 보였다. 반면 ITS2에 의해 증폭된 450bp의 염기서열을 비교한 결과, G. glabra는 98, 99, 100번째 위치에서, G. pallidiflora는 137, 161, 164, 203, 296위치에서 감초 종간판별을 위한 특이적 SNP가 확인되었다. 또한, phylogenetic tree 분석을 통해, 약재로 쓰이는 G. uralensis과 G. glabra는 약재로 쓰이지 않는 G. pallidiflora에 비하여 유전적 거리가 가까움을 확인하였다. 본 표준시료에서 얻은 결과를 유통 한약재 원산지 판별에 적용한 결과, 중국산과 한국산의 한약재는 G. uralensis와 염기서열이 일치하였고, 우즈베키스탄으로부터 수입된 한약재는 G. glabra와 염기서열이 일치됨을 확인하였다. 이에 감초의 생체 및 한약재의 원산지 판별을 위해 ITS2를 이용한 분자수준에서의 판별이 유용하다고 판단된다.

최근 급속히 증가하는 전자거래로 인하여 전자거래의 안전과 신뢰를 확보하고 그 이용을 활성화하기 위해서 새로운 증명제도의 필요성이 제기되었고 이에 상응하여 나타난 것이 전자서명과 전자인증이다. 이에 국제기구․ 미국 등 주요국가를 비롯한 우리나라에서도 전자서명․ 인증제도 관련 법제에 대한 제ᆞ개정의 노력이 있었다. 그러나 UNCITRAL 전자서명모델법과 EU 전자서명입법지침은 강행규정이 아니라 가이드라인에 불과하고, 각국의 법제가 서로 상이하며, 사이버공간의 특성 등으로 인하여 여러 가지 문제점들이 존재한다. 본고에서는 이러한 인식의 바탕위에서 몇 가지의 문제점에 대한 그 개선방안을 제시해 보았다. 첫째, 국제적 규범체계와의 조화를 위해서는 국제기구 등의 규범동향을 파악하고 국제적 논의에 적극 참여하여 그 성과물을 국내법에 조화롭게 반영하여야 할 것이며 이를 위한 실무상 체계적인 접근시도와 법제화 연구가 시급하다. 둘째, 국가간 인증기관의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해서는 국외승인 협정이나 조약과 같은 형식을 체결할 필요성이 있으며 전자서명법에 어떠한 요건을 갖춘 인증기관이 발급한 전자서명을 안전한 전자서명으로 인정하여 법적효력을 부여할 것인지에 대한 기준이 없으므로 보다 구체적이고 객관적인 절차와 규정을 마련하여야 한다. 셋째, 전자정부법에 규정한 행정전자서명 부분을 전자서명법에 수용을 검토하는 등 전자서명 관련법을 체계적으로 정립할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 전자서명의 이용활성화 및 안전한 전자거래 환경을 구축하기 위해서는 공공부문이나 소비자의 피해 위험이 높은 성격의 부문 등 필요한 경우에 한하여 전자서명 사용을 권고 또는 의무화하는 법적기반을 마련할 필요가 있다고 보았다.본 연구는 전자서명ᆞ인증제도의 역할이 더욱더 확대될 것으로 여겨지는 시점에서 전자서명ᆞ인증제도를 둘러싼 법제의 동향과 전자서명ᆞ인증제도의 문제점과 개선방안 등을 제시함으로서 전자서명에 관한 기술과 그 위에 전자서명ᆞ인증제도 관련법이 안착될 수 있도록 뒷받침 하는데 그 의의가 있다.

오징어 젓갈과 한치 젓갈의 차이를 질량분석기를 기반으로 한 전자코를 이용하여 분석한 결과 두 시료의 mass spectrum은 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 판별함수분석을 통해 휘발성분의 패턴을 분석한 결과 오징어 젓갈과 한치 젓갈이 뚜렷이 구분되었으며 젓갈의 양념을 제거한 후 분석하였을 때 구분이 더 잘되었다. 결과적으로 전자코를 이용하여 유사 식품 간의 차이를 충분히 구분 가능하였으며 이러한 결과는 추후 젓갈뿐 아니라 다양한 방면에 적용 가능할 것으로 보여 EMA 식품을 선별하는 데에도 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Recently, the rapid advances in information and communication and network technology and the expansion of digital convergence are changing to ubiquitous network society. Ubiquitous society, expand the temporal and physical space and develops many good thing. but, Hacking, cyber crime, increased privacy, and many problems will occur. In this study, the selection criteria for the appropriate authentication method for developing risk assessment procedures of the service is provided to step 4. (Services, and risk identification step, evaluation of risk-occurrence, evaluation of the extent of damage, Assessment of the level of risk) So, we can easily use the importance and risk to evaluate numerical value of the final risk result.

본 논문에서는 질의어를 이용하여 온라인 인터넷상의 게임 보안 시스템과 연동되는 질의어를 암호화할 수 있는 모델을 설계하고 구현하였다. 인터넷과 게임 인증 보안의 연동을 통해 기존의 클라이언트/서버 컴퓨팅 보안 환경을 개선하려 하고 있으며 내부 서버와 연동되는 인터넷게임의 보안이 중요한 문제점으로 떠오르고 있다. 이에 인터넷 게임에 접속할 때 일반적으로 사용되는 인증수단을 개선하여 인증보안이 강화된 ID와 패스워드를 통하여 암호화할 수 있는 암호화 질의어를 생성하고 그 알고리즘을 통하여 데이터베이스 테이블의 정보를 암호화하는 모델을 본 논문에서 제시하고 유지,보수 관리 방안도 함께 고찰한다.

In these days, there is doubt about the effectiveness of ISO-9000 and ISO-14000 which are generally introduced in korean corporation by the consensus and even by corporations themselves. In order to find out the reason about the doubt, we should unterstand the present situation, and concider what countermeasure shall we take. It's obvious that if there is no doubt about the effectiveness and availability for quality system authenticated and verified by the international, then all the authentication can be made from that excellent system. In that case, it is necessary to find out wheather it only exists in Korea or it genally exists internationally. This thesis considers the problems and try to search for a system management project and measure which is suitable for Korea.

In these days, there is doubt about the effectiveness of ISO-9000 and ISO-14000 which are generally introduced in korean corporation by the consensus and even by corporations themselves. In order to find out the reason about the doubt, we should understand the present situation, and consider what countermeasure shall we take. It's obvious that if there is no doubt about the effectiveness and availability for quality system authenticated and verified by the international, then all the authentication can be made from that excellent system. In that case, it is necessary to find out whether it only exists in Korea or it generally exists internationally. This thesis considers the problems and try to search for a system management project and measure which is suitable for Korea.

According to increasing extended use of ERP from intranet to extranet environment, from enterprise internal use to suppliers and business partners and from wired to wireless devices, it became very important to authenticate proper user allow to access proper application module and database, not only to protect enterprise information asset but also keep data integrity. In this document, we introduce the technologies of privilige management infrastructure, role based access control and the building of privilige management system for ERP implementation regarding this point of view.

Background : Correct identification of Panax species is important to ensure food quality, safety, authenticity and health for consumers. This paper describes a high resolution melting (HRM) analysis based method using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA barcoding regions as target (Bar-HRM) to obtain barcoding information for the major Panax species and to identify the origin of ginseng plant. Methods and Results : A PCR-based approach, Bar-HRM was developed to discriminate among Panax species. In this study, the ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S rDNA genes were targeted for testing, since these have been identified as suitable genes for use in the identification of Panax species. The HRM analysis generated cluster patterns that were specific and sensitive enough to detect small sequence differences among the tested Panax species. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the HRM curve analysis of the ITS regions and 5.8S rDNA sequences is a simple, quick, and reproducible method. It can simultaneously identify three Panax species and screen for variants. Thus, ITS1HRM and 5.8SHRM primer sets can be used to distinguish among Panax species.

Background : Plants belonging to 5 species of the genus Eleutherococcus are currently distributed in the Korean peninsula. The traditional medicine ‘Ogapi’, derived from Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus and other related species, and ‘Gasiogapi’, derived from Eleutherococcus senticosus, are frequently mixed up and marketed. Therefore, accurated identification of their origins in urgently required. Methods and Results : Candidate genes from nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of Eleutherococcus plants were analyzed. Whereas the nrDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were useful in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships among the plants, the cpDNA regions were not as effective. Therefore, a combined analysis with nrDNA-ITS was performed. Various combinations of nrDNA and matK were effective for discriminating among the plants. However, the matK and rpoC1 combination was ineffective for discriminating among some species. Based on these results, it was found that OG1, OG4, OG5, OG7, GS1, GS2, and GS3 were derived from E. sessiliflorus. In particular, it was confirmed that GS1, GS2, and GS3 were not derived from E. senticosus. However, more samples need to be analyzed because identification of the origins of OG2, OG3, OG6 and GS4 was not possible. Conclusion : The ITS2, ITS5a, and matK combination was the most effective in identifying the phylogenetic relationship among Eleutherococcus plants and traditional medicines based on Eleutherococcus.

Magnoliae Flos (Sini in Korean) is one of the most important oriental medicinal plants. In the Korean Herbal Pharmacopeia, the bud of the all species in Manolia denudate and Manolia genus were regarded as the botanical sources for ‘Sini’. Most the dried bud of Manolia denudata, Manolia biondii and Manolia sprengeri were used as ‘Xin-yi’ in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and compare the ‘Magnolia’ species, four species including Manolia denudata, M. biondii, M. liliiflora and M. Kobus were analysis of sequencing data revealed DNA polymorphisms. The based on tRNA coding leucine/phenylalanine (trnL-F) and NADH-plastoquinone oxidoreductase subunit 5 (ndhF) sequences in chloroplast DNA. For the identification of ‘Magnolia’ species, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of chloroplast DNA regions such as ndhF have proven an appropriate method. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified between genuine “Sini” and their fraudulent and misuse. Specific PCR primers were designed from this polymorphic site within the sequence data, and were used to detect true plants via multiplex PCR.