This study responds to literature calls to investigate the different social and psychological antecedents of negative consumer emotional well-being in the context of the health crisis Covid-19. We perform a path analysis on a sample of Australian consumers during the Covid-19 lockdown. We find that social norms and word-ofmouth increase consumer fear-of-missing-out which in turn fuels panic buying behavior. Such behavior is moreover spurred by positive motivations to panic buy. By contrast, we find that consumer ability to self-regulate during Covid-19’s reduces their tendencies to succumb to panic buying. We moreover find that such self-regulation is enhanced through sustainable product consumption behavior during Covid-19. Lastly, it was found that panic buying has a negative influence on emotional well-being of consumers. Implications of our findings for theory and future research directions are provided.

In this study, the design of parking brake mounting bracket for SUVs (sports utility vehicles) was handled through structural analysis. For safety evaluation, we conducted a shape analysis of parking brake mounting bracket, discovered improvement measures for weak areas, and reflected them in the design. In addition, a strength analysis was performed and the analysis results were reflected in the design. As a result of analysis through various design changes, it was possible to suggest an appropriate parking brake mounting bracket shape. In addition, the effect of changes in the shape of the reinforcement and mounting bracket on the stiffness and strength of the parking brake mounting bracket was investigated.

본 논문에서는 다이나믹크리깅 대리모델 기반 자동차 브레이크 패드 마모량 측정센서 브라켓의 설계최적화를 소개한다. 브레이크 작동시 마찰재 바닥의 온도가 600°C 이상으로 상승하고, 이 열이 전달되어 센서의 기능을 상실시킨다. 따라서 열전달을 최소화하는 브라켓 형상의 설계최적화는 필수적이다. 최적화에 소요되는 계산비용을 절감하기 위해 다이나믹크리깅 대리모델로 열전달 시뮬레 이션을 대체하였다. 다이나믹크리깅은 최적의 상관함수와 기저함수를 선정하였으며, 정확한 대리모델을 도출하였다. 최적화 결과 센 서위치의 온도가 초기모델에 비해 7.57% 감소하였으며, 이를 열전달 시뮬레이션으로 다시 한번 확인하여 대리모델 기반 최적설계가 유의미함을 검증하였다.

Tendon-driven mechanisms have gained prominence in a range of applications, including soft robots, exoskeletons, and prosthetic devices. These mechanism use flexible tendons or cables to transmit force and control joint movement. As the popularity of these mechanisms grows, there is an increasing demand for solutions to enhance stability and safety. The use of brakes is a well-known solution, but existing models are difficult to customize for small soft robots. In this paper, we present a one-way shape memory alloy-based compact brake for tendon-driven mechanisms. The proposed soft brake featured a thin design and was tailored for seamless integration within a tendon-driven mechanism. In addition, the use of the one-way shape memory alloys enabled the design of the brakes that are both compact and powerful. This brake is expected to be widely used in miniaturized tendon-driven robots.

Various kinds of friction materials were manufactured by adding 10%, 20%, and 30% of reduced iron, respectively, which has been obtained during the reduction process of blast furnace sludge extracted from the blast furnace, and its iron oxide, instead of existing barium sulfate(BaSO4) among the components of automobile brake friction materials. Fundamental physical property test and friction performance test, etc., using a brake dynamometer were carried out against these friction materials. Furthermore, when the expensive filling material, BaSO4 was substituted by reduced iron and added to the friction material, the added content of reduced iron for an excellent friction characteristic considering the heat emission temperature, wear, etc., was 10%. In the fundamental physical property test, as the added content of blast furnace sludge or reduced iron increased, and as the content increased, the shear strength and bonding strength of friction materials decreased, but both of them indicated sufficient strengths to be applied to a friction material. Even in the frictional performance test using a brake dynamometer, as the added content of blast furnace sludge or reduced iron increased, the friction coefficient reacted insensibly to brake deceleration, and its stability was improved.

The brake system drives the vehicle by converting the kinetic energy into thermal energy. The heat energy generated during the braking process increases the temperature of the structure. It causes thermal deformation due to overheating and causes cracks, noise, and vibration that degrade performance. However, it is not possible to fundamentally prevent the temperature rise of the brakes. There is a need for research on improving the heat dissipation performance by improving the shape of the brake. Therefore, this study analyzed the concentrated stress caused by overheating of the brake disc. In order to improve the performance of the disk, shape optimization design was performed. For stress and thermal analysis, the analysis was conducted using the finite element program ANSYS Transient Thermal and Structural tools. PIAnO (Process Integration and Design Optimization) was used to perform optimal design. In the formulation of the optimum design, the stress was minimized by satisfying the constraints. This study intends to present a new brake disc model by performing perforated shape and arrangement.

Air Defense System requires fast movement of the turret to detect and attack the flying target of enemy. In order for the air defense system to operate accurately and properly, it is necessary to optimize the design of the motor brake system. The air defense system that is not designed properly has possibility of low performance of the gun turret and environment of operators. The previous air defense system had such flaw in its design and it caused much noise and current in the operation of the turret. In order to resolve this flaw, we changed the position and design of the components of the motor brake system to reduce load and achieved the 62.5% reduced current and 40% reduced noise of the motor brake system compared to the previous design.

The objective of this study is to construct the inspection standards of motorcycle brake system performance. Based on the Korean Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (KMVSS), the Korean Motor Vehicle Inspection Standards (KMVI), the inspection standards of the International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee (CITA), United Kingdom and Japan, three alternative brake performance criteria were suggested. The brake performance tests for 129 various models of used motorcycles were conducted for verifying the developed test equipment and suggested three alternative criteria. The total brake performance criterion is appropriately suggested to set at 50 %. Considering the KMVI or the CITA, the brake performance criterion of rear axle may suggested to set at 20 % or 25 %, either.

The purpose of this research is to reduce the weight of the brake system of vehicles and to increase braking performance and its durability and to shorten the stopping distance. The plans for light-weight vehicles are to develop light weight material itself which possesses superior properties and another way is to improve the manufacturing method of materials which have the better mechanical properties. And the materials used for this are aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titan alloy, steel, other metals, plastic, ceramic materials etc. In this research, aluminum is used for the main body of the break to reduce the weight of the brake and cast iron(SCM4), stainless steel(SUS304) and titan alloy(Ti Gr2) are used for the outer ring shape plate and assembled with bolts. Dynamometer test are braking performed on the brake disc. Based on the test results, stainless steel(SUS304) is optimized for the light-weight brake disc.

Among various materials, FCD500 is widely used in various fields of automobile components as it allows mass production through casting and its mechanical property is excellent. However, there are many problems in industry due to the fact that despite the wide use of FCD500, the researches about manufacture property of FCD500 are insufficient. Thus, this study conducted research on cutting manufacture property of FCD500, which is the most common manufacture method of FCD500 to suggest optimized tool and cutting condition. To achieve this, the study examined the change in cutting property based on tool material based on the most commonly used CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition) coating tool and CBN tool, and examined the changes in cutting property by the form of CVD coating tool. The study measured cutting force, surface roughness of material after cutting, and amount of tool wear to examine the cutting property. The study gave variation in cutting speed of 280m/min and 500m/min, and fixed the feed rate and cutting depth for cutting condition to evaluate the changes by cutting speed.

A numerical approach for ventilated disc brake with holes is carried out to investigate the effect of holes on the heat transfer characteristics. The numerical simulation code STAR-CCM+ is utilized to calculate flow and temperature fields with polyhedral meshes. The steady state results show that the holes make the flow velocity on the outer surface increasing, which induce the improvement of convective heat transfer on the outer surface. In the ventilated channel with holes, the convective heat transfer can be reduced due to the inflow of hot air through holes. In unsteady state, the disc has reached the highest temperature in 1,8s since the brake was engaged. The surface of disc without holes has maximum temperatures along the ventilated channels, while the surface temperatures of dis with holes are uniform.

The friction characteristics of Al-Fe alloy powders are investigated in order to develop an eco-friendly friction material to replace Cu fiber, a constituent of brake-pad friction materials. Irregularly shaped Al-Fe alloy powders, prepared by gas atomization, are more uniformly dispersed than conventional Cu fiber on the brake pad matrix. The wear rate of the friction material using Al-8Fe alloy powder is lower than that of the Cu fiber material. The change in friction coefficient according to the friction lap times is 7.2% for the Cu fiber, but within 3.8% for the Al- Fe alloy material, which also shows excellent judder characteristics. The Al-Fe alloy powders are uniformly distributed in the brake pad matrix and oxide films of Al and Fe are homogeneously formed at the friction interface between the disc and pad, thus exhibiting excellent friction and lubrication characteristics. The brake pad containing Al-Fe powders avoids contamination by Cu dust, which is generated during braking, by replacing the Cu fiber while maintaining the friction and lubrication performance.

In this paper, the relationship between the frequency split and the mode-coupling in the disc doublet mode, which is expressed according to the pattern of the surface of the disc, is utilized by using of 3 types(Chaos, Vent-hole, Normal). As the frequency split between the doublet mode disc that is expressed in the model through the interpretation is larger, and analogy through interpretation mode-coupling instability also lower. Vent-hole, which has a relatively large frequency split of disc doublet mode in 3 types(Chaos, Vent-hole, Normal) model, showed a large value of critical coefficient of friction in which mode-coupling instability is expressed. In addition, it was confirmed by analysis that the Vent-hole had a relatively large frequency split than the other models by analyzing the change in contact stiffness. It can be concluded that the larger the frequency split of the disc doublet mode, the lower the instability due to the mode-coupling.

We synthesized potassium hexatitanate, (K2Ti6O13, PT6), with a non-fibrous shape, by acid leaching and subsequent thermal treatment of potassium tetratitanate (K2Ti4O9, PT4), with layered crystal structure. By controlling nucleation and growth of PT4 crystals, we obtained splinter-type crystals of PT6 with increased width and reduced thickness. The optimal holding temperature for the layered PT4 was found to be ~920 oC. The length and width of the PT4 crystals were increased when the nucleation and growth time were increased. After a proton exchange reaction using aqueous 0.3 M HCl solution, and subsequent heat treatment at 850 oC, the PT4 crystal transformed into splinter-type PT6 crystals. The frictional characteristics of the friction materials show that as the particle size of PT6 increases, the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear amounts of both the friction materials and counter disc increase.

The brake systems are composed of brake disc, brake pad and caliper and, these three parts play an important role for braking. In this study, heat fluid analysis is conducted for five different ventilated disc models, and two piece brake disc model separated in rotor and housing is used. In this case, each model has a different number of holes and vent shape. The basic heat flux and braking power equations are applied for the heat fluid analysis. The cooling performance with/without the braking operation is also analyzed for given five models where the material properties and boundary conditions are set to be identical. From our analysis results, it is found that the number of disc holes and ventilated pins strongly influences on the cooling performance.

The Magneto-Rheological fluid is the suspended material having the ferromagnetic particles with micrometer size that can change properties by applying magnetic fields. In this paper, the shape design of the T-Flange Magneto-Rheological brake is conducted theoretically. The equations for transmitted torque are derived according to T-Flange configurations of the Magneto-Rheological brake. This feature has more output torque than conventional types. The validity of theoretical results is verified by conducting an analysis of an electromagnet using the finite element method. Then the effectiveness of braking torque is verified to reinforce by comparing the output torque of the conventional Magneto-Rheological brakes.

This Paper deals with the measurement and analysis of the brake squeal noise, the wheel’s and block brake’s vibration. The squeal noise, a kind of self-excited vibration, is generated by the friction between the rim of the revolving wheel and the block brake. Block brake cause friction noise and excessive braking noise makes passengers and operators uncomfortable. The goal of this paper is to investigate experimental the relation between brake squeal noise and behavior of block brake with railway wheel. Experimental results with MA and RMA show that behavior of railway vehicle block brakes is related with brake squeal noise.

There are many different causes of air drum brake judder noise in commercial vehicles. This study set out to identify those causes from the perspective of brake structure, not taking the environment into account. For that purpose, the investigator measured vibrations and noises in case of brake judder noise and analyzed their causes. The structural vibrations of the brake were analyzed to identify the causes with an experimental method involving O.D.S. (Operational Deflection Shape) analysis and model testing. In an effort to find directions for improvement with an analytical method, the investigator modeled the brake system in an analytical manner, correlated it with the experiment results, and tested directions for improvement in an analytical fashion. The structural rigidity of the brake that had been tested analytically was increased so that the generation frequency and structural vibration frequency of brake judder noises would not be contiguous. The parts of high structural rigidity were tested for brake judder noises with a model test and vehicle test.