Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is one of the common gastrointestinal diseases that can occur in calves, causing severe diarrhea. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oral administration of single-domain antibodies, single variable domain of heavy chain of HCAb (VHH), on the prevention and treatment of rotavirus-induced diarrhea in calves. Thirty calves were divided into five experimental groups (negative control, positive control, group A, group B and group C). Except for the negative control group, the experimental groups were inoculated with BRV on the 4th day after birth. The VHH supplementation groups were fed with a substitute milk containing different concentrations of VHH (1%, 2.5% and 7.5%). Changes in body weight, clinical symptoms, serum antibodies, and virus detection in feces were observed for a total of 10 days in each experimental group. The results showed a higher survival rate in the VHH supplementation groups compared to the positive control group. Clinical symptoms caused by rotavirus were alleviated in the VHH supplementation groups. The detection rate of rotavirus in feces also decreased. Gross findings indicated that the severity of disease in the VHH supplementation groups was milder than that in the positive control group. Therefore, VHH could be proposed as a useful alternative for the prevention and treatment of rotavirus-induced diarrhea in calves.

In this paper, the adsorption removal characteristic for 10 species of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated using GAC and modified GAC (GAC-Cu). After modification with Cu(II), the amount of copper was to 1.93 and 4.73 mg/g for GAC and GAC-Cu, respectively. The total amount of 10 species of PFAS per specific area was obtained to 0.548 and 0.612 ng/m2 for GAC and GAC-Cu, respectively. A series of batch test confirmed lower efficiency was observed with a smaller number of carbon chain length and the removal efficiency of PFCA (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids) was lower than that of PFSA (perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids) with the same carbon chain length. Regarding the pH effect, the adsorption capacity was decreased with increase of pH due to the increase of electrostatic repulsion. According to pseudo first and second order (PFO and PSO) kinetic models, while the values of equilibrium uptake and time did not show significant difference, a difference in uptake was observed between 24-48h. Furthermore, based on correlation analysis, Log Kow and uptake have a high correlation with molecular weight (M.W.) and initial concentration, respectively. These results show that long-chain PFAS have higher removal efficiency due to their increased hydrophobicity.

본 실험에서는 외인성 효소 첨가제 및 혼합 세균 배양을 통한 고상발효(Solid-state fermentation, SSF)가 채종박(Rapeseed meal, RSM)의 체외건물소화율(In vitro dry matter digestibility, IVDMD) 및 단쇄지방산(Short chain fatty acid) 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 외인성 효소 칵테일(첨가 및 미첨가) 및 RSM에 대한 SSF(발효 및 비발효)를 나타내는 2 x 2 요인 설계가 적용되었다. 3-step 돼지 소화율 모델을 적용하여 채종박의 건물 소화율을 분석하였으며, 72시간 대장발효 후 상층액을 수집하여 단쇄지방산 생성량을 분석한 후 칼로리 단위로 변환하여 가소화에너지 소화율을 분석하였다. 소장 (IVDMDh) 및 전장 (IVDMDt) 건물소화율에서는 고상발효된 채종박이 더 높게 나타났다 (각각 p < 0.01). 마찬가지로, 외인성 효소 첨가제 처리구에서 채종박의 소장 소화율(IVDMDh)이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다(p = 0.06). Acetic acid 및 butyric acid의 생산은 대조구에 비해 고상발효 처리 시 유의하게 더 생산되었으며 (각각 p < 0.01), 이는 총 단쇄지방산의 생산 증가 경향을 나타냈다(p = 0.09). 에너지 소화율에서는 채종박의 고상발효 및 외인성 효소제 첨가가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 ( p < 0.01). 그러므로 채종박의 고상발효 처리는 단백질 이용성을 비롯한 영양적 가치를 향상시키는데 효과적이라고 사료된다.

In this paper, an alternative inventory policy that trades off the bullwhip effect at an upstream facility with cost minimization at a current facility, with the goal of reducing system wide total expected inventory costs, when external demand distributjon is autocorrelated, is considered. The alternative inventory policy has a form that is somewhere between one that completely neglects the autocorrleation and one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation. For this purpose, a mathematical model that allows us to evaluate system wide total expected inventory costs for a periodic review system is developed. This model enables us to identify an optimal inventory policy at a current facility that minimizes system wide total expected inventory costs by the best tradeoff of the bullwhip effect at an upstream facility with cost minimization at a current facility. From numerical experiments, it has been found that (i) when the autocorrelation is negative, the optimal policy is one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation, (ii) when the autocorrelation is small and positive, the optimal policy is one that neglects the autocorrelation, and (iii) when the autocorrelation is large and positive, the optimal policy is somewhere between one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation and one that neglect the autocorrelation.

A mono-type glycerine fatty acid ester compound was chemically synthesized using medium-chain fatty acids with antibacterial activity, and the physicochemical quality and antibacterial activity of the synthesized glycerine medium-chain fatty acid ester compound were measured. At a reaction molar ratio of MCT(medium chain triglyceride) to glycerine of 1:2.5, 48.15% mono ester was produced. The physicochemical analysis of the synthesized glycerine fatty acid ester compound showed an acid content of 0.38~0.60%, which tended to increase slightly as the glycerine molar ratio increased. The saponification value decreased as the synthesized molar ratio of glycerine increased from 218 to 284. The number of bacteria was measured to confirm the degree of antibacterial activity of glycerine medium-chain fatty acid esters against food poisoning bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi. The number of bacteria significantly decreased as the MCT:glycerine molar ratio increased. In particular, the antibacterial effect between the treatment groups was the highest when at an MCT:glycerine molar ratio of 1:2.5.

최근 수십 년 동안, 데이터는 기업 조직 경영의 핵심 요소로 부상하였다. 많은 조직들이 데이터를 활용 하여 전략적인 의사결정을 내리고 시장 변화에 적극적으로 대응하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 본 연구는 데이터 기반 의사결정 조직 운영과 그에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보고자 한다. 상시적 디지털 전환이 일어나고 있는 현대에 데이터 중심 의사결정은 조직의 성과 향상에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 데 이터 기반 의사결정 조직에 영향을 미치는 선행 요인과 실제로 기업 내에서 데이터 기반 의사결정이 어떻게 일어나는지에 대한 연구는 아직 많이 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 기업의 밸류체인 디지털화 정도가 데이터 기반 의사결정 조직 구축에 중요한 영향을 미칠 것임을 가설로 설정하고, 이를 국내 기업 임직원 1,059명을 대상으로 한 설문응답 데이터로 검증하였다. 또한, 본 연구는 데이터 분석 능력을 포함한 디지 털 역량을 갖춘 인재가 데이터 중심 의사결정 조직에 중요한 환경적 요건으로 작용할 수 있음을 고려하 여, 기업의 밸류체인 디지털화와 데이터 중심 의사결정 조직 구축 간의 관계에 디지털 인재 준비도가 미 치는 조절효과를 가설로 설정하고 통계적으로 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 데이터 중심 의사결정 조직 형성과 운영에 대한 이해를 넓히고 기업 조직이 데이터를 효과적으로 활용하여 의사결정을 내리는 과정 에 대한 유용한 시사점을 제공할 수 있다. 실무적 측면에서는 기업들이 자신의 데이터 전략을 개발하고 구현하는 데 중요한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Food upcycling has emerged as an effective approach to sustainably utilize the food waste generated within the food supply chain. This review article examines upcycled food with respect to its definition, consumers’ knowledge and perception on it, and the process by which by-products from the food supply chain are utilized for the creation of upcycled food products. The definition of upcycled food varied among manufacturers, research institutions, and the Upcycled Food Association, depending on the specific values and objectives of each sector. This has resulted in the use of different keywords to highlight the distinctive characteristics of their respective interpretations of upcycled food. This review also summarizes the various consumer traits that can influence the awareness and acceptance of upcycled food, encompassing functional, empirical and emotional, symbolic and self-expressive, and economic benefits. Additionally, the review presents strategies to utilize by-products produced in large quantities in Korea, while also addressing the control of hazardous components to ensure biological or chemical safety and the changes in nutritional value that may occur during the utilization of these byproducts.

Recently, the luxury sector has witnessed a significant rise in luxury consumption, reaching £233 Billion in 2022 (Statista, 2022). This rise demonstrates the growing popularity of the luxury consumption phenomenon globally. However, the climate crisis may impact future trends in luxury consumption (Gardetti and Muthu, 2019). The luxury sector has endorsed a considerable growing demand for sustainability from environmental and ethical luxury consumers. In recent years, concerns have grown around the ethicality of supply chains, where consumers develop contradictory feelings and beliefs, veering between conscious and hedonistic decision-making (Kleinhaus, 2011; Helm, 2020; Wang et al. 2021). Moreover, consumers face a conflict between choosing what they believe is ethically right and indulgence (Hennigs et al. 2013). The supply chain plays an important role in achieving sustainability goals, and yet some researchers argue that the luxury supply chain can involve ethical and environmental breaches in terms of labour and raw materials, such as use of leather and fur (Klerk et al. 2018). However, some luxury brands such as Stella McCartney and Vivienne Westwood are focused on sustainability and the use of vegan raw materials (YNAP, 2021).

As millennials are continuously growing; hence they are considered today's fine jewelry business treasure. Understanding why they buy fine jewelry using the means-end theory is the key objective of this study. Brand, function and beauty are means that lead to happiness and self-confidence, the end value of millennials mindset

Despite being one of the world's largest coffee exporters, Indonesia's coffee output for the international market has recently been dropping. Smallholder coffee growers and their cooperatives faced production challenges due to a lack of market demand knowledge, financial assistance, cultivation and processing equipment, and business practice expertise, according to a case study investigation of these groups. The research then conducted a quantitative survey of 84 international customers from 29 countries and enhanced it by speaking with ambassadors of the Indonesia Trade Promotion Centre in nine different nations. These global players' insights produce helpful information, such as product details, pricing ranges, and quality standards. The results show that for smallholder farmers and cooperatives to fulfil the demands of the global market, relevant commercial actors must assist them. As a result, this study creates a model of the coffee value chain that demonstrates how market demand data motivates cooperatives and smallholder coffee farmers to increase coffee output in a diverse business environment. Marketing might contribute to smallholder farmers' and cooperatives' economic prosperity and well-being by using varied insights from foreign consumers.

Local consumption is considered to have a positive environmental and social impact. A new supply chain strategy has been devised to provide small and medium-sized local farms with enhanced efficiency and accessibility: a bidirectional distribution. Bidirectional distribution is a practice of backhauling local produce on emptied wholesale trucks for redistribution through wholesale markets while employing the existing network of rural stores and wholesale suppliers. Building on the cue utilization theory, this study investigated the effect of product information about bidirectional distribution on consumers’ perceived environmental value, personal well-being value, quality beliefs, and community social and economic value.