감귤식초는 감귤을 주원료로 발효하여 제조한 발효식초 로 항산화 및 생리활성 특성으로 인해 기능성 식품 소재 로서 점점 더 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주에서 생산된 감귤식초의 항산화 활성을 평가하기 위해 총 폴리 페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, 총 카로티노이드 함량, 비 타민 C, 나린진, 헤스페리딘, FRAP 활성, PMA 분석, DPPH 및 ABTS 자유라디칼 소거능, hydroxyl 라디칼 소거 활성 을 포함한 다양한 항산화 활성 관련 지표를 분석하였다. 감귤식초의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드, 총 카로티노이 드 함량은 각각 314.93-685.83 μg GAE/g, 328.72- 727.66 μg QE/g, 0.25-0.72 μg/mL으로 나타났으며, 비타민 C, 나리진, 헤스페리딘 함량은 각각 1.43-30.19 μg/mL, 0.89- 9.20 μg/mL, 18.49-85.82 μg/mL로 분석되었다. FRAP 활성 과 PMA 분석은 각각 0.61-2.16 mM TE/g, 0.93-2.84 mM AAE/g으로 측정되었고, DPPH 및 ABTS 자유라디칼 소거 능은 각각 66.32-77.57%, 58.96-84.58%로 비교적 높은 활 성을 나타냈다. 반면, hydroxyl 라디칼 소거 활성은 14.40- 20.74%로 다른 분석 지표에 비해 낮은 수치를 보였다. 이 러한 결과는 다양한 생리 활성 화합물이 감귤 식초의 항 산화 활성에 기여한다는 것을 보여주며, 이는 기능성 식 품 성분으로의 잠재적인 활용 가능성을 시사한다.

In this study, the aim was to establish a pre-treatment process to utilize citrus pomace (CP) as a high-value-added material. Frozen CP was thawed under various conditions, including at room temperature, using ultrasound, and immersion at 25℃ and 70℃, and samples from each thawing group were assigned to a non-washed (NW) or a washed (W) group. The samples in the W-CP groups were drained, and all samples were powdered after hot air drying. The samples in the NW-CP groups had a two-fold higher drying yield of CP powder, a significantly lower pH (4.20–4.26), and a higher soluble solids content (1.1–1.3°Brix) than the samples in the W-CP groups. Interestingly, the samples in the W-CP groups had significantly higher swelling capacity (8.18–8.53 mL/g), water absorption index (7.61–7.85 g/g), water holding capacity (8.92–10.30 g/g), and oil holding capacity (2.09–2.30 g/g) than samples in the NW-CP groups (p<0.05). Conversely, the thawing method only significantly affected the thawing rate of the CP, but it did not significantly affect the properties of the CP powder. The results of this study provide basic data for the industrialization and resource utilization of CP, and they suggest that various pre-treatment processes can influence CP standardization.

This study aimed to enhance the value of traditional Korean sweet Dasik by incorporating citrus mandarin powder rich in functional components. Jinmal Dasik was prepared using citrus mandarin powder at concentrations of 0%, 8%, 16%, 24%, and 32%. Quality characteristics, sensory properties, and antioxidant activities of the samples were evaluated. As the citrus mandarin powder concentration increased, moisture and sugar content increased, while pH decreased. Color measurements revealed decreased lightness and increased redness and yellowness. Mechanical texture parameters showed no significant differences among the groups. In sensory evaluation, the 24% sample received the highest scores for appearance, taste, texture, and overall acceptability, while the 24% and 32% samples achieved the highest aroma scores. Quantitative descriptive analysis indicated that higher powder levels increased yellowness, citrus aroma, sweetness, sourness, bitterness, astringency, and moistness, though no significant differences were observed in terms of hardness and chewiness. Principal component analysis supported these trends. The antioxidant activity of Jinmal Dasik, including total phenol and flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and reducing power, increased with higher levels of citrus mandarin powder. Overall, the addition of 24% citrus mandarin powder was optimal for improving the sensory acceptability, antioxidant activity, and quality attributes of Jinmal Dasik.

지구온난화로 인해 경남 내륙지에 만감류 재배면적이 증가 하고 있어, 비가림 하우스에서의 재배 가능성을 평가하기 위 하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 진주지역에 재식된 4년생 ‘한라 봉’, ‘천혜향’, ‘황금향’, ‘레드향’ 4품종을 대상으로 2025년 1월에는 1월 10일 외부온도는 －10.2℃, 내부온도는 －5.2℃로 내려갔으며, 2월에는 2월 9일 외부온도 －7.9℃, 내부온도 －2.4℃까지 경과한 후 4년생 잎의 동해 정도를 조사하였다. ‘천혜향’이 가장 높은 피해율을 보였으며 ‘황금향’과 ‘레드향’ 은 상대적으로 낮았다. 저온 처리 결과 －5℃에서 모든 품종 이 치사 수준의 피해를 받았으나, －3℃ 전후에서는 품종별· 수령별 차이가 나타났으며 특히 ‘천혜향’은 임계온도에서 급 격한 피해 증가를 보였다. 전해질 누출률은 2년생에서 ‘천혜 향’과 ‘황금향’이 취약하였으나, 4년생에서는 전반적으로 안 정성이 증가하였다. TTC 검정에서는 ‘레드향’이 전 온도에서 높은 활력을 유지하였고, ‘천혜향’은 －3℃에서 급격히 활력 이 저하되는 특성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 품종 간 동해 내성 에 뚜렷한 차이가 존재하며, ‘천혜향’과 ‘황금향’은 특히 저온 에 민감하여 야간 최저온도를 2℃ 이상으로 유지하는 적극적 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

This study investigated quality characteristics and functional components of yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb.) pulp produced during yuzu juice processing by manufacturing it according to mixing ratio of yuzu pulp. Results of pH measurement showed that the higher the mixing ratio of yuzu pulp, the lower the pH. The acidity showed a concentration-dependent increase as the mixing ratio of yuzu pulp increased. Total flavonoids, total phenols, and functional flavonoids (narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin) significantly increased with increasing yuzu pulp content (all p<0.05). Growth rate of Bifidobacterium infantis was approximately 5~39% higher in seasoned foods containing yuzu pulp than in commercial foods. Antibacterial effects of seasoned foods against Salmonella typhimurium and Streptococcus mutans were stronger when yuzu pulp content increased. In conclusion, seasoned foods added with yuzu pulp could be utilized in various ways as functional seasoned foods with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Current investigations provide a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence and biodiversity of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) in the major citrusproducing regions of Jeju Island, South Korea. Our survey identified five genera and five species of PPNs from 82 infested Citrus unshiu field samples collected across 116 sites in the Jeju provinces. Community analysis revealed the highest prevalence of PPNs (39.02%) at Namwon-eup, significantly driven by Tylenchulus semipenetrans, followed by Paratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Meloidogyne sp., and Pratylenchus sp. Data indicate that all 82 sites were infested with T. semipenetrans (70.68%), marking a considerable increase in prevalence compared to previous surveys and posing a significant threat to citrus cultivation. The study results also demonstrate the influence of soil type on PPNs communities, revealing correlations between soil texture and nematode diversity. Citrus orchards cultivated in black clay loam soil exhibited significant PPN infestations. Overall, the PPN survey underscores the economic importance of monitoring citrus nematode infection rates and maintaining economic threshold levels in citrus production. It also emphasizes the need for developing effective management strategies to control PPNs, which are essential for maintaining crop yield and ensuring agricultural sustainability.

In this study, in order to develop an foaming tablet product using yuzu powder, yuzu powder was manufactured using different drying methods such as freeze-drying, 60℃ drying, and 40℃ drying, and then quality characteristics and functionality were analyzed. The naringin content per g of yuzu powder was 8.9 mg for freeze-drying and 8.8 mg for 60℃ drying, and the hesperidin content per g of yuzu powder was highest at 53.6 mg for freeze-drying and 46.2 mg for 60℃ drying. followed by 40℃ drying (41.7 mg). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 60℃ dried powder was found to be twice as high as that of freeze dried powder. Accordingly, in order to develop an inner beauty product, foaming tablets were manufactured using hot air dried powder, and the quality characteristics and functional ingredients of the final foaming tablets were investigated. The foaming tablet prepared with yuzu powder content of 10 and 15% showed an inhibitory activity of tyrosinase of 73.7 %, which was 1.6 times higher than that of ascorbic acid (1 mM), which was a positive control, confirming its melanin production inhibition effect.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sterilization, storage period and washing yuzu, according to the washing method, during the storage period. The results showed that the fungus size increased as the storage period increased, and no mold occurred in the yuzu washed with ozone water until 20 days. After 30 days of storage, a mold of 124.1±13.9 mm2 was observed. The no-treatment sample had a fungus of 814.5±72.8 mm2 in size on day 0 and the fungus the largest fungus was 6,362±636.7 mm2 on day 30. In the case of water treatment, the fungus was 286.4±31.5~4,836.4±484.6 mm2 in size. The results of the study confirmed that washing yuzu with ozone water has a sterilizing effect.

본 연구는 복합추출물(익모초, 어성초, 진피)의 생리활성을 측정하여 식·의약품, 화장품 등의 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 복합추출물은 열수 추출하였으며, 세포독성, 항산화, 항염증, MAPKs 등의 평가는 ELISA 및 western blot을 통해 확인하였다. 그 결과, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 35.53±0.48 ㎎ GAE/g, 플라보노이드 함량은 8.18±0.16 ㎎ QE/g으로 나타났으며, DPPH 와 ABTS radical 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 대조군과 비교하여 세포독성은 400 ㎍/㎖ 농도까지 100% 이상의 생존율이 나타났으며, NO 및 염증성 사이토카인을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한, 복합추출 물은 MAPKs(ERK, JNK, p38) 단백질 발현을 유의하게 억제시켰다. 이러한 결과는 복합추출물이 산화 적 손상 및 염증에 사용될 수 있음을 나타낸다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 식·의약품, 화장품용 복합소재의 의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

To investigate the functional activity of different citrus fruit peels, antioxidant compounds in 70% ethanol extracts of mandarin, lemon, orange, and grapefruit peel powders were identified, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities were quantitated. Mandarin peel contained the highest content of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid substances (21.46±0.12 mg GAE/g and 11.57±0.05 mg RE/g, respectively). The total phenolic compound content of the three other citrus fruits was 14.16±0.18-18.44±0.07, and their total flavonoid content was 5.51±0.10-7.46±0.09 mg RE/g. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in lemon peel (87.64±0.21%), and mandarin peel displayed the best antioxidant activity with respective ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP measurements of 43.20±0.61% and 78.82±1.06 mM TE/g. Grapefruit peel antimicrobial activity increased with treatment time, and was the most potent among the four tested citrus species, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus by about 4.05 log cycle. These findings demonstrate that mandarin and grapefruit peel can be used to prevent oxidation, improve food storage capabilities, and potentially preserve food quality.

본 연구에서는 감귤원에서 초생재배 유무(초생재배 W, 제초제 살포 NW)와 합성피레스로이드계 살포유무(살포 P, 무살포 NP)에 따른 귤 응애의 개체군 동태를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 두 가지 기본적인 가설로 1) 초생재배는 천적의 서식처를 제공하여 천적의 정착을 높이므로 귤응 애의 발생을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용하며, 2) 합성피레스로이드계는 천적을 제거하여 귤응애의 밀도를 증가시키는 요인으로 가정하였다. 관측 된 천적 개체군(주로 이리응애류와 마름응애류)의 발생은 가정에 근거한 기대치와 크게 다르지 않았다. 2011년의 경우 NW+NP 처리구와 W+NP 처리구에서 차이가 있었으나, 2012년 실험에서는 기대치와 관측치가 거의 일치하였다. 전체적으로 약제효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나서 합성 피레스로이드계 살포시 천적이 유의하게 감소하였다. 잡초효과는 엇갈리는 결과를 보였는데, 봄-유래 여름 개체군 대비 가을 개체군의 증가 등을 고려할 때 초생재배를 하는 경우 천적의 발생이 증가하였다. 다만, 합성피레스로이드계 살포구에서 귤응애가 감소하는 비이상적인 결과는 귤응 애의 합성피레스로이드계에 대한 강한 기피성을 전제로 해석할 수 있었다.