Trust is well recognized as a critical component of effective health system processes, as patient trust is known to influence satisfaction and other health-related behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly affected healthcare organizations, leading to the need for reorganizing services, practices, interactions. Particularly, because of COVID-19 pandemic, patient/doctor exchanges have increasingly been mediated by digital technologies, thus leading to potential devaluation of patients trust toward the healthcare system.

We can be expected that the experience of damage caused by COVID-19 has had a negative impact on consumers' perceived quality of life. This study identifies factors that governments can positively impact the lives of consumers facing financial difficulties. We consider policy proposals to improve the quality of life of consumers at financial risk when situations like COVID-19 reoccur in the future

This study aims to integrate the protection motivation theory (PMT) model and attitude to explore the factors influencing consumers’ usage behavior toward online food delivery platform services (OFDPSs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The utilitarian value and hedonic value of OFDPSs, which may influence consumers’ attitude, were also included in the integrated research model. This study collected a total of 384 participants who are with experience in using OFDPSs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan for analysis

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented crises to societies and economies around the world and has brought drastic changes in the way consumers behave. Fashion business is one of the industries that has been significantly affected by Covid-19 as many consumers reduced their discretionary spending during the pandemic. While the world is entering the post-pandemic era and recovering from the pandemic, it is important to uncover and reflect on the reasons behind varying patterns of consumers’ coping behaviors associated with fashion shopping. However, current research on consumer fashion behavior during the pandemic primarily focuses on a particular type of shopping behavior, without addressing varying patterns of fashion consumption behaviors. In addition, most of these studies attributed such changes in behaviors to motivations toward protection against health-adverse threats based on the Protection Motivation Theory, which mostly focuses on protective behaviors and has limited power in understanding varying internal reasons toward various coping behaviors. Considering the varying adaptive and maladaptive patterns of fashion consumption behaviors observed in the market, it is important to address the psychological mechanism behind varying adaptive and maladaptive patterns of fashion consumption behaviors. Thus, drawing from the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, this study aims to investigate how cognitive appraisal of threats affects the affective/emotional state of consumers and consequently their intention to engage in various coping behaviors in the context of fashion shopping. Specifically, this study aims to investigate how individuals’ cognitive appraisals on risks and uncertainty induce varying emotional feelings (i.e., fear, anxiety, and hope), which further leads to their decisions to engage in problem vs. emotion-focused coping through fashion shopping during the pandemic.

This research examines how voluntary simplicity lifestyle can mediate the tourists’ COVID-19 anxiety and the tourism motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic and demonstrates how resilience can moderate the effect of the anxiety and pull motivations. The results show the effects of mediation and moderation on the relationship between anxiety and tourism motivations.

This study investigated the key factors that explain the continuous usage intention of mobile payment users in the post COVID-19 pandemic era. Based on the health belief model (HBM) and communication privacy management (CPM) theory, this study examined how the five constructs of HBM influence mobile payments continuous usage intention through perceived privacy risk and perceived security. It also investigated the moderating role of perceived privacy awareness on the relationship between perceived privacy risk and continuous usage intention as well as the moderating role of information sensitivity on the relationship between perceived security and continuous usage intention.

Covid-19 pandemic has significantly affected online advertising market. The pandemic has changed customers’ shopping behavior by decreasing customer traffic in offline businesses but increasing customers’ online activities that has led to growth of online shopping and advertising. While the outbreak of Covid-19 has sparked growth of online advertising in general, its impact on various industries may not be the same, given the differences in product characteristics and consumer behavior across different products and services. This paper aims to address this question by empirically examining how Covid-19 has affected online search advertising market. First, we examine how Covid-19 has affected the behavior of online users and advertisers, the main stakeholders in the search advertising market, in terms of user traffic and clicks and advertiser bids and payments. Second, we examine if the impacts of Covid-19 on behavior of online users and advertisers would be different in various industries.

본 연구는 COVID-19로 인한 사회적 거리두기를 경험한 대학생의 사회·정서적 고립감, 우울, 스마트폰 중독 간의 관계를 살펴보고 대학생의 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하기 위해 시도되 었다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 4개 대학교에 재학 중인 220명이며, 자료수집은 구글 폼으로 설문지를 구성하여 시행하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS/WIN 28.0 프로그램을 이용하여 변수의 특성에 따라 통계적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 대학생의 스마트폰 중독은 사회·정서적 고립감(r=.44, p<.001), 우울(r=.51, p<.001)과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 대학생의 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 주는 요인은 성별(β =.176, p=.001), 주말 스마트폰 사용 시간 7-9시간(β=.387, p=.001), 10-12시간(β=.313, p=.006), 12시 간 이상(β=.299, p=<.001), 우울(β=.302, p<.001), 사회·정서적 고립감(β=.210, p=.004)이었다. 회귀모 형은 통계적으로 유의하였으며 (F=15.81, p<.001) 모형의 설명력은 43% (adj R2=.43, p<.001)였다. 따라 서 대학생의 스마트폰 중독을 예방하기 위해 사회·정서적 고립감과 우울을 감소시킬 수 있는 정신건강 증 진 프로그램을 개발하여 활용할 필요가 있다.

The present study examines the impact of COVID-19 anxiety on employees’ psychological resources and behaviors, drawing on the conservation of resources theory. We also investigate whether flexibility in work contexts has a meaningful effect on employees’ responses to the pandemic. A total of 284 working adults participated in an online survey consisting of self-reporting questionnaires that assessed levels of COVID-19 anxiety, vigor, innovative work behavior, and flexible working arrangements. The results showed that the level of vigor mediated the positive relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and innovative work behavior, and the perceived level of flexible working arrangements moderated this mediation effect positively. The findings highlight the importance of considering employees’ psychological resources and work arrangements in managing the negative impact of COVID-19-related anxiety. This study provides theoretical and practical implications for organizations to better understand the psychological processes that employees undergo during a crisis. Further research on diverse work settings and cultural backgrounds is needed to expand on the present findings.

본 연구는 여대생을 대상으로 코로나19 스트레스가 월경전증후군에 미치는 영향과 우울과 월경 전증후군 대처의 매개효과를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 S시에 소재한 C대학에 재 학 중인 여대생을 대상으로 2021년 11월 11일에서 11월 30일까지 20일간 온라인 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 총 161부에 대한 자료를 분석한 연구결과 코로나19 스트레스는 월경전증후군(r=.383, p<.001), 우울(r=.436, p<.001)과 양의 상관관계가 있었으며, 월경전증후군 대처는 월경전증후군에서만 상 관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다(r=.190, p=.016). 코로나19 스트레스와 월경전증후군 사이의 우울 및 월 경전증후군 대처의 매개효과를 확인한 결과 코로나19 스트레스는 월경전증후군(β=4.907, p=.002), 우울 (β=6.780, p<.001)에 대한 직접효과가 유의하였으며, 우울은 월경전증후군에(β=.383, p=<.001), 월경전 증후군 대처는 월경전증후군(β=4.292, p=.030)에 각각 직접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 코로나19 스트 레스와 월경전증후군의 관계에서 매개작용을 검증하기 위한 간접효과에서는 우울을 경유하는 경로에서만 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다(95% CI, 1.282-4.140). 따라서 코로나19 등의 신종 전 염병 유행 및 팬데믹 상황을 대비하여 코로나19 스트레스와 같은 관련 스트레스를 관리하여 우울을 감소시 키고 월경전증후군 증상을 완화하기 위한 중재전략 개발이 필요하다.

This study aimed to examine the operations of school food services to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in schools nationwide. The survey data on school food service operations targeting nutrition teachers and nutritionists at 1,023 schools in 2020 and 1,177 schools in 2021 were used. The year 2021 saw an increase compared to 2020 in the following: ‘average days to be served with meals for a year (144.5 vs. 184.7)', 'provided meals to all students (92.3% vs. 96.6%)', 'utilization of additional staff for foodservice assistance (33.4% vs. 38.8%)', 'installation of partitions (61.2% vs. 83.8%)', 'provision of general diet (96.1% vs. 99.1%)', and 'use of kitchen utensils (91.3% vs. 95.1%)', 'use of cafeteria water cup (9.9% vs. 31.0%)' and 'use of drinking water in school (46.8% vs. 52.1%)'. Compared to 2020, in 2021, it was confirmed that the school food service operations stabilized due to the increase in the normal school attendance rate and that systems were in place for operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the future, it will be necessary to develop manuals and special recipes necessary for responding to infectious diseases, and to operate a manpower pool that can quickly find replacement personnel if required.

목적 : 본 연구는 코로나19 상황에서 작업치료사가 느끼는 두려움이 직무스트레스 및 자기효능감에 미치 는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2022년 6월 1일~8월 1일 동안 전국에서 근무하는 작업치료사를 대상으로 코로나19 관련 두려움 및 정신건강과 관련된 직무스트레스, 자기효능감에 관련된 설문조사를 시행하였다. 총 240부의 설문지 중 오염 및 누락을 제외한 최종 234부의 자료를 분석하였다. 결과 : 첫쩨, 작업치료사의 코로나19 관련 두려움은 최종학력, 치료인원, 업무분야, 소속기관의 방역 시행 여부에 서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 직무스트레스는 최종학력, 근무기관, 업무분야에 따라 유의하게 나타났다. 셋째, 자기효능감은 성별, 나이, 결혼, 직위, 근무지역, 고용형태, 최종학력, 근무기관, 임상경력, 치료인원 및 업무분야에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 작업치료사의 코로나19 관련 두려움은 직무스트레스에 영향을 미쳤고, 동시에 대상자의 일반적 특성중 근무지역과 업무분야가 직무스트레스에 영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 작업치 료사의 코로나19 관련 두려움은 자기효능감에 영향을 미쳤고, 대상자의 일반적 특성 중 근무기관, 임상경력, 치료인원, 근무지역이 자기효능감에 영향을 미쳤다. 결론 : 연구결과, 코로나19 관련 두려움은 직무스트레스와 자기효능감에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 코로나19와 같은 감염병 상황에서 작업치료사의 정신건강을 위한 교육프로그램 및 직무 가이드라인을 개발할 것을 제언하고자 한다.

Purpose: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global crisis in 2020, nursing students experienced an abrupt transition from offline to online classes. An in-depth understanding of the online learning experiences of nursing students can be used to reorganize nursing education during the pandemic. Therefore, this study explored the online learning experiences of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was employed. This study used purposive sampling to recruit 20 nursing students from a nursing college. Data were collected between November 2021 and March 2022 using semi-structured focus groups or one-to-one in-depth interviews. The collected data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Five main categories emerged from the analysis: (a) ambivalence toward rapidly changing learning methods, (b) becoming familiar with online learning, (c) facing the limitations of online learning environment, (d) discovering the charm of online learning, and (e) making suggestions for future online learning. Conclusion: Nursing students experienced disappointments and concerns about online learning classes in rapidly changing situations but also experienced an efficient aspect. Psychological support and the latest information should be provided to nursing students who may experience psychological distress during this pandemic. Additionally, learning strategies and methods should be reorganized to reflect the characteristics of nursing courses and the preferences of nursing students.

Purpose: This study explored life experiences and meaning attributed to them by older men living alone during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Data were collected from June to July 2022 through face-to-face in-depth interviews with 14 older men living alone and analyzed using the thematic analysis method suggested by Braun and Clarke. Results: The analysis revealed four themes and eight subthemes. 1) Unfamiliar daily life faced in old age due to COVID-19; 2) living a difficult life in a stopped society; 3) a life of constant effort amid change; and 4) daily life adjusting to the new normal amid regret. The participants volunteered to be secluded to adapt to their changed daily life in an isolated society, which led to depression. As time passed, they tried to adapt to their new daily lives by communicating untactfully to shorten their physical distance. Conclusion: This study suggests that it is necessary to understand socially vulnerable classes in national disaster situations and the need for various policies to respond to social isolation. In the future, developing an intervention that allows older men living alone to actively adapt to a changing society and verify its effectiveness is necessary.

It has been more than three years since the emergence of the COVID-19 at the end of 2019. The COVID-19 epidemic has had a certain impact on human’s normal production and life, and it is also constantly changing people’s social cognition, which are reflected in the vocabulary. There are many new words invented and the words with a sudden increase in frequency appeared. This paper selects the important Chinese words related to the COVID-19 epidemic from 2019 to 2022 as the research objects, and divides these words into three categories: COVID-19 cognition, government measures and social life. By sorting out the meanings and usages of the words, this paper analyzes and explores the development trend of Chinese social cognition reflected by these words according to the timeline. The research found that these words reflect the gradual concretization of disease names caused by the COVID-19, the proliferation of the names of mutated virus, the sudden high frequency of related words, the strong generalization and creativity of words in specific fields, lots of related words come out in the era of intelligence and so on, as well as the spiritual thoughts and cultural cognition of Chinese people contained in the vocabulary.

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in serving frequency of elementary school meal before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Number of menus provided in June and July of 2019 and 2020 were compared for 300 elementary schools in Korea. As a result, the serving frequency of la carte and dessert was increased after COVID-19. In addition, frequencies of main dishes such as pork cutlet, chicken, sweet and sour pork, hamburger steak, and so on using processed food were increased after COVID-19. Because of the longer serving time due to staggered serving, cook's working time for serving meals became longer. Therefore, it was judged that the number of servings of processed food was increased rather than the menu with a large amount of preprocessing work. Moreover, among desserts, fruits showed increased serving frequency. Serving frequencies for juice and dairy products were also increased. However, increased servings of juice and dairy products could increase sugar intake. Thus, a careful plan for menu composition is needed to provide balanced nutrients to students under emergency situations such as an infectious disease.

This study compares and analyzes changes in users’ perceptions of industrial catering food service quality before and after COVID-19. The survey enrolled 226 subjects at five industrial catering establishments in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province; a total of 204 customers with complete data were included in the final analysis. Factor analysis was conducted to verify convergence validity and construct reliability; results pertaining to ‘service and environmental hygiene’ and ‘quality of food’ were extracted. Among the general variables of food service quality, differences were obtained in the user’s perceptions of food service qualities according to gender, education, and marital status. Our results revealed that women, low education, and married people perceived significant differences in all attributes before and after COVID-19. Additionally, varied altered perceptions were determined for service quality according to the occupations of the subjects. However, no differences were obtained for pleasant dining environment in the ‘service and environmental hygiene factor’ and variety of desserts in the ‘food quality factor’.

Since delivery food has become a new dietary culture, this study examines consumer awareness through big data analysis. We present the direction of delivery food for healthy eating culture and identify the current state of consumer awareness. Resources for big data analysis were mainly articles written by consumers on various websites; the collection period was divided into before and after COVID-19. Results of the big data analysis revealed that before COVID-19, delivery food was recognized as a limited product as a meal concept, but after COVID-19, it was recognized as a new shopping list and a new product for home parties. This study concludes by suggesting a new direction for healthy eating culture.