최근 다양한 기술의 발달로 인하여 시간과 공간의 제약 없이 관람객에게 사실감과 현장감을 표 현하며 관람객에게 실제적인 감각을 선사하는 실감미디어에 대한 관심과 시장이 늘어나고 있다. 모든 미디어는 기술 발전에 따라 더 실제적인 감각을 선사할 수 있는 콘텐츠를 제공한다. 기존 사각형의 영상 프레임에 머물던 디스플레이의 형태를 감상하는 환경과 다르다. 이러한 360도 영상은 콘텐츠 제작, 영상 렌더링 플랫폼 및 영상 이미징 장비 등 다양한 분야에서 적용되고 있 다. 전방위적인 360도를 제공하는 돔 형태를 통한 실감미디어 콘텐츠의 사례가 국내와 국외적 으로 늘어나고 있다. 하지만 이러한 상황에 비하여 360도의 돔 형태를 활용한 실감미디어의 콘 텐츠 사례 연구가 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 360도의 영상 개요를 살펴보며 돔 형태 영상의 디스플레이가 가진 특성을 알아보았다. 본 논문을 통해 360도 돔 형태를 활용한 실감미디어의 콘텐츠 사례들을 살펴보며, 이를 통하여 360도 영상을 기반으로 돔 형태를 활용 한 실감미디어 콘텐츠를 기획하려는 다양한 영상 창작자들에게 보탬이 되고자 한다.

In this study, the characteristics of wind pressure distribution on circular retractable dome roofs with a low rise-to-span ratio were analyzed under various approaching flow conditions by obtaining and analyzing wind pressures under three different turbulent boundary layers. Compared to the results of previous studies with a rise-to-span ratio of 0.1, it was confirmed that a lower rise-to-span ratio increases the reattachment length of the separated approaching flow, thereby increasing the influence of negative pressure. Additionally, it was found that wind pressures varied significantly according to the characteristics of the turbulence intensity. Based on these experimental results, a model for peak net pressure coefficients for cladding design was proposed, considering variations in turbulence intensity and height.

In this study, the seismic response characteristics of the three analysis model with or without TMD were investigated to find out the effective dome shape. The three analysis models are rib type, lattice type and geodesic type dome structure composed of space frame. The maximum vertical and horizontal displacements were evaluated at 1/4 point of the span by applying the resonance harmonic load and historical earthquake loads (El Centro, Kobe, Northridge earthquakes). The study of the effective TMD installation position for the dome structure shows that seismic response control was effective when eight TMDs were installed in all types of analysis model. The investigation of the efficiency of TMD according to dome shape presents that lattice dome and geodesic dome show excellent control performance, while rib dome shows different control performance depending on the historical seismic loads. Therefore, lattice and geodesic types are desirable for seismic response reduction using TMD compared to rib type.

Timber structures are susceptible to moisture, contamination, and pest infestation, which can compromise their integrity and pose a significant fire hazard. Despite these drawbacks, timber's lightweight properties, eco-friendliness, and alignment with current architectural trends emphasizing sustainability make it an attractive option for construction. Moreover, timber structures offer economic benefits and provide a natural aesthetic that regulates building temperature and humidity. In recent years, timber domes have gained popularity due to their high recyclability, lightness, and improved fire resistance. Researchers are exploring hybrid timber and steel domes to enhance stability and rigidity. However, shallow dome structures still face challenges related to structural instability. This study investigates stability problems associated with timber domes, the behavior of timber and steel hybrid domes, and the impact of timber member positioning on dome stability and critical load levels. The paper analyzes unstable buckling in single-layer lattice domes using an incremental analysis method. The critical buckling load of the domes is examined based on the arrangement of timber members in the inclined and horizontal directions. The analysis shows that nodal snapping is observed in the case of a concentrated load, whereas snap-back is also observed in the case of a uniform load. Furthermore, the use of inclined timber and horizontal steel members in the lattice dome design provides adequate stability.

As people's living standards and cultural standards have developed, interest in culture and art has increased, and the demand for large space structures where people can enjoy art, music, and sports has increased. As it accommodates a large number of personnel, it is most important to ensure safety of large spatial structures, and can be used as a space where people can evacuate in case of a disaster. Large spatial structures should be prepared for earthquake loads rather than wind loads. In addition to damage to the structure due to earthquakes, there are cases in which it was not utilized as a space for evacuation due to the fall of objects installed on top of the structure. Therefore, in this study, the dome-shaped large spatial structure is generalized and the displacement response according to the number of installations, position and mass is analyzed using a tuned mass damper(TMD) that is representative vibration control device.

In this study the characteristics of wind pressure that are depending on the open type of retractable dome roof were analyzed according to the wind pressure coefficient and wind pressure spectrum. The analysis results showed that the open type and shape of the roof both had a significant impact on the wind pressure changing. In case of the edge to center open type, the wind pressure has not changed much because of the complex turbulence of flow and open area. On the other hand, in case of the center to edge open type, it has confirmed that wind pressure increases due to the separation of flow in windward and open area.

The fluctuating wind pressure of the low rise ratio(f/D=0.1) for the elliptical dome roof was analyzed to compare it with the previous studies of circular dome roofs. Wind tunnel test were conducted on a total of 10 wind directions from 0° to 90° while changing wall height-span ratios(H/D=0.1-0.5). For this, meanCP, rmsCP and wind pressure spectrum were analyzed. The analysis result leads to find differences in the shape of the spectra in the spanwise direction and leeward of the elliptical dome according to the wind direction variations of the elliptical dome roof.

Wind tunnel tests were conducted to analyze the wind fluctuating pressures on a circular closed and open dome roof with a low span rise. Two dome models with various geometric parameters (height/span ratios and open ratios) were used for fixed span rise ratio dome and wind pressure spectrum were analyzed. The applicability was examined in comparison with the spectral model proposed in the previous studies. The analysis results show that the wind pressure spectrum of open dome roof tends to increase power in the high frequency range and the second peak is found in the area different from the closed dome roof. In addition, according to the comparison analysis with the previous proposed spectral model, it was found that it is not applicable to the closed and open dome roofs with low rise ratio due to the different peak frequencies.

In this paper, the mean and fluctuating pressure coefficients derived from the results of wind tunnel tests on closed and open dome roofs were analyzed. The distribution characteristics of the fluctuating pressure according to the opening ratio and the height change were discussed. The analysis results showed that when the roof is open, the overall wind pressure decreases due to the open space, but more fluctuation occurred than the closed dome roof.

This study investigates the wind pressure characteristics of elliptical plan retractable dome roof. Wind tunnel experiments were performed on spherical dome roofs with varying wall height-span ratios (0.1~0.5) and opening ratios (0%, 10%, 30% and 50%), similar to previous studies of cirular dome roofs. In previous study, wind pressure coefficients for open dome roofs have been proposed since there are no wind load criteria for open roofs. However, in the case of Eeliptical plan retractable dome roof, the wind pressure coefficient may be largely different due to the presence of the longitudinal direction and transverse direction. The analysis results leads to the exceeding of maximum and minimum wind pressure coefficients KBC2016 code.

In this study, the reliability of the analysis is evaluated by comparing the average wind pressure coefficient, RMS wind pressure coefficient and wind pressure spectrum with same condition of wind tunnel test which are calculated in the high-Reynolds number range of 1.2 ×1.06, 2.0.×106 each for the typical curved shape dome structure. And it is examined by the reliability of analysis through Improved delayed detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES), which is one of the hybrid RANS/LES techniques that can analyze the realistic calculation range of high Reynolds number. As a result of the study, it was found that IDDES can be predicted very similar to the wind tunnel test. The distribution pattern of the wind pressure coefficient and wind pressure spectrum showed a similar compared with wind tunnel test.

대공간 단층래티스 돔의 골조프레임 재질로는 알루미늄, 목재, 그리고 강재 등이 사용된다. 소규모 돔에서는 알루미 늄, 목재 등이 사용되는 사례도 많이 있지만, 300m 이상의 대공간 돔에서는 강재를 주로 사용하며, 강재의 단면 형상은 강관 또는 H형강 등이 유리하다. H형강은 기성재가 시중에 판매되고 있어 다양한 종류를 선택할 수 있으며, 지붕 마감 공사 시 시공 성이 우수하다. 본 연구의 목적은 H형강 단면을 사용한 스팬 300m 단층래티스 돔의 좌굴특성을 연구하는 것이다.

Spatial structure does not have columns and walls installed inside, so they have a large space. There are upper structure and substructure supporting them. The response of seismic loads to the upper structure may be increased or decreased due to the effects of the substructure. Therefore, in this study, the seismic response of the upper structure and the floor response spectrum of the substructure were compared and analyzed according to the height of the substructure in the spatial structure where the LRB was installed. As a result, the possibility of amplification of response was confirmed as seismic waves passed though the substructure, which is likely to increase the response of the upper structures.

Vertical earthquake motions can occur along with horizontal earthquakes, so that Structure should be designed to resist Seismic loads in all directions. Especially, due to the dynamic characteristics such as the vibration mode, when the vertical seismic load, the dynamic response of the Spatial structure is large. In this study, the seismic response of the lattice dome to horizontal and vertical seismic loads is analyzed, and a reasonable seismic load combination is analyzed by combining horizontal and vertical seismic response results. In the combination of the horizontal seismic load, the largest result is obtained when the direction of the main axis of the structure coincides with the direction of seismic load. In addition, the combination of vertical seismic load and horizontal seismic load was the largest compared with the combination of horizontal seismic load. Therefore, it is considered that the most reasonable and stable design will be achieved if the seismic load in vertical direction is considered.

The biggest impact on the cladding design of buildings is wind loads. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to examine the applicability of current wind load standards about membrane retractable roof spatial structure. A dome model with a circular shape that is retractable to the center of the dome was made (Opening ratio = 0, 10, 30, 50). In addition, height adjustable turntables were made and tested with five patterns with H/D = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The maximum wind pressure coefficient and the minimum wind pressure coefficient for the cladding were analyzed and the experimental wind pressure coefficient were compared with the current wind load standards, KBC2016 and AIJ-RLB(2015). The experimental value and the reference value of the enclosed roof were very similar and showed possibility of application, but opened roof case was found that the reference value was underestimated.

세계적으로 대공간 건축물의 수요가 점점 증가하고 있는 추세에 따라 단층 래티스 돔 구조 시스템은 단순한 외관과 간단한 그리드 패턴으로 인해 300m 공간 구조로 널리 채택 될 것입니다. 선행 연구에서 300m 길이의 단층 래티스 돔에 자중 및 적설 하중을 가했을 때 강재를 이용한 골조 시스템을 이용하여 단층 래티스 돔의 구조 안정성을 대략적으로 파악 하였다. 강성 연결로 되어있는 300m 단층 래티스 스팬의 스팬에 대한 안정성 연구는 이미 많이 수행되었지만 연결부의 강성에 따른 좌굴특성에 대한 연구는 많지 않습니다. 따라서 연구자들이 실제 설계에 적용 할 연구 데이터가 많지 않기 때문에이 구조의 다양한 연결 조건을 연구 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 연결 조건에 따라 300M 단층 래티스 스팬의 좌굴 특성을 분석하여 대공간 단층 래티스 돔의 설계자들에게 도움을 주고자 한다.

Large space structures exhibit different natural vibration characteristics depending on the aspect ratio of structures such as half-open angle. In addition, since the actual large space structure is mostly supported by the lower structure, it is expected that the natural vibration characteristics of the upper structure and the entire structure will vary depending on the lower structure. Therefore, in this study, the natural vibration characteristics of the dome structure are analyzed according to the natural frequency ratio by controlling the stiffness of the substructure. As the natural frequency of the substructure increases, the natural frequency of the whole structure increases similarly to the natural frequency of the upper structure. Vertical vibration modes dominate at 30° and 45°, and horizontal vibration modes dominate at 60° and 90°.

As the national income grows, there is a growing demand for buildings that require long span structures such as exhibition facilities, sports facilities, special industrial facilities, and aerospace facilities. Single-layer latticed dome is one of representative llong span structures. But single layer latticed domes are apt to occur the unstable phenomena that are called “buckling” because of the lack of strength of members and instability of structures, etc. In the previous study, the structural stability of a single-layer lattice dome was roughly grasped by a frame structural system using a ready-made steel when a self-weight and a snow load were applied to a single-layer latticed dome having a span of 300 m and a height of 75 m. However, a systematic study of a 300m single layer lattice dome with various rise-span ratios was not performed. Therefore, it is necessary to study various conditions of this structure because the researchers do not have much research data to apply to actual design. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the buckling characteristics of span 300M single-layer latticed dome with rise-span ratio

In recent years, single layer latticed domes have attracted many designers and researchers’s attention all over the world, because single layer latticed domes as space structure are of great advantage in not only mechanical rationality but also function, fabrication, construction and economic aspect. Yamada developed the shape factor S which represents the shape of spherical latticed dome from a structural perspective as well as a geometric perspective. According to a prior study, the structural behavior and the buckling characteristics of the latticed dome were mostly noticeable when the shape factor of latticed dome was in the range of 1.5 to 5. That is, S, in the range of 1.5 to 5, are able to estimate not only overall buckling, but also member buckling and nodal buckling. In this study, we developed shape models using various size of members with the fixed rise-span ratio. One particular characteristic of the latticed dome is that it is not only light in weight but also high in strength. But the aiming at the use of light-weight materials and at the minimized section of members may result in buckling to cause an unstable state of the overall structure when the external force reaches a limitation. Especially, the structural strength is disadvantageous to the snow loads than the earthquake loads because of light-weight, and is greatly affected by the conditions of loading. This paper is to develop the structural stability according to the shapes and load conditions for single-layer latticed spherical dome with 300m span.