The tourism industry specifically experienced distinct failing revenues and was an economic sector among those most rigorously influenced by the pandemic. In the gradual recovery period after the pandemic, the technology implementation in travel has been a great achievement for travel companies. This study is based on a systematic literature review to examine the ability of Virtual Reality (VR) and Geographic information systems (GIS) to serve as a facilitator of sustainable tourism development goals. The potential impact of VR and GIS within tourism will bolster the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and will be conceptualized. The use of these technologies in connection to the SDGs can associate with SDG No. 8, SDG No.9, SDG No.11, and SDG No. 13, which are related to "decent work and economic growth", "industry, innovation, and infrastructure", "sustainable cities and communities", and "climate action."

PURPOSES : This study proposes a method for comparative analysis, based on geographic information systems (GIS), that can be used when introducing demand-responsive transit in areas where public transportation is not available. METHODS : To analyze areas where public transportation is neglected, bus stop location information, building location information, and administrative district boundary data for the census were acquired. Geocoding was used for address-based raw data to create a spatial database. Based on the collected data, the proportion of households separated by a certain minimum distance from a bus stop was aggregated and constructed through near analysis. When introducing a demand-responsive transit system, the operational cost was calculated and compared with the existing city bus transportation cost. RESULTS : Results show that the operating costs of introducing demand-responsive transit can be compared and analyzed using the proposed method, for a case study of Daejeon Metropolitan City. CONCLUSIONS : It is economically efficient to avoid the entry of route buses and introduce demand-responsive transit in areas isolated from public transportation where the number of people getting on and off is extremely low.

본 연구는 중국 요녕성 심양시 심수만(沈水灣)공원을 대상으로 여름철 주간과 야간의 소리경관 특성을 비교 분석함으로써 수변공간의 소리특성에 대한 인식도와 만족도를 평가하는 한편 이를 바탕으로 유사 공원설계시 적용할 수 있는 소리공원 설계지침을 제시할 목적으로 시도되었다. 본 연구의 핵심 연구범위는 혼하 구간으로, 데이터베이스 자원을 이용하여 GIS 플랫폼에 관련 전문 컴퓨팅 소프트웨어를 통합하고, 현지 측정 데이터와 설문조사 결과를 결합하여 도시 수변공원의 <소리경관도>를 작성하였다. 이후 이 자료를 바탕으로 시간대별 소리경관을 분석 및 해석함으로써 소리경관 변화 패턴을 분석하여 수변공원의 시간대별 소리경관 조성을 위한 전략을 제안하였다. 소리 디자인이론을 바탕으로 심양 수변공원 소리경관에 대한 특성과 문제점을 도출한 본 연구 결과가 향후 수변공간 조성을 위한 이론 및 실천적 기초자료로 제공되기를 기대한다.

With the recent accelerated policy-making and interests in new renewable energy, plans to develop and supply the new renewable energy have been devised across multiple regions in Korea. Solar energy, in particular, is being applied to small-scale power supply in provincial areas, as solar cells are used to convert solar energy into electric energy to produce electric power. Nonetheless, in the case of solar power plants, the need for a large stretch of land and considerable sum of financial support implies that the planning step should take into consideration the most suitable meteorological and geographical factors. In this study, the proxy variables of meteorological and geographical factors associated with solar energy were considered in analyzing the vulnerable areas regarding the photovoltaic power generation facility across the nation. GIS was used in the spatial analysis to develop a map for assessing the optimal location for photovoltaic power generation facility. The final vulnerability map developed in this study did not reveal any areas that exhibit vulnerability level 5 (very high) or 1 (very low). Jeollanam-do showed the largest value of vulnerability level 4 (high), while a large value of vulnerability level 3 (moderate) was shown by several administrative districts including Gwangju metropolitan city, Jeollabuk-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gangwon- do. A value of vulnerability level 2 (low) was shown by the metropolitan cities including Daegu, Ulsan, and Incheon. When the 30 currently operating solar power plants were compared and reviewed, most were found to be in an area of vulnerability level 2 or 3, indicating that the locations were relatively suitable for solar energy. However, the limited data quantity for solar power plants, which is the limitation of this study, prevents the accuracy of the findings to be clearly established. Nevertheless, the significance of this study lies in that an attempt has been made to assess the vulnerability map for photovoltaic power generation facility targeting various regions across the nation, through the use of the GIS-based spatial analysis technique that takes into account the diverse meteorological and geographical factors. Furthermore, by presenting the data obtained for all regions across the nation, the findings of this study are likely to prove useful as the basic data in fields related to the photovoltaic power generation.

In the present day context of changing information needs of the farmers and diversified production systems there is an urgent need to look for the effective extension support system for the small and marginal farmers in the developing countries like India. The rapid developments in the collection and analysis of field data by using the spatial technologies like GPS&GIS were made available for the extension functionaries and clientele for the diversified information needs. This article describes the GIS and GPS based decision support system in precision agriculture for the resource poor farmers. Precision farming techniques are employed to increase yield, reduce production costs, and minimize negative impacts to the environment. The parameters those can affect the crop yields, anomalous factors and variations in management practices can be evaluated through this GPS and GIS based applications. The spatial visualisation capabilities of GIS technology interfaced with a relational database provide an effective method for analysing and displaying the impacts of Extension education and outreach projects for small and marginal farmers in precision agriculture. This approach mainly benefits from the emergence and convergence of several technologies, including the Global Positioning System (GPS), geographic information system (GIS), miniaturised computer components, automatic control, in-field and remote sensing, mobile computing, advanced information processing, and telecommunications. The PPP convergence of person (farmer), project (the operational field) and pixel (the digital images related to the field and the crop grown in the field) will better be addressed by this decision support model. So the convergence and emergence of such information will further pave the way for categorisation and grouping of the production systems for the better extension delivery. In a big country like India where the farmers and holdings are many in number and diversified categorically such grouping is inevitable and also economical. With this premise an attempt has been made to develop a precision farming model suitable for the developing countries like India.

소백산국립공원에서는 멸종위기종복원사업의 하나인 여우 복원사업을 진행중이다. 멸종위기종 복원을 진행함에 있어 안전한 서식지 제공은 복원종의 정착화에 가장 중요한 요수중에 하나이다. 그러나 농업을 기반으로 생활하는 주민들은 야생동물로 인한 농산물 피해를 방지하기 위해 올무, 창애와 같은 불법엽구를 이용하여 과수원이나 밭을 침해하는 야생동물을 차단하고 있다. 이 이유로 농작물에 피해를 주는 유해조수 뿐만 아니라 다른 멸종위기종에게 까지 영향을 미치고 있다. 소백산국립공원에서 복원중인 여우의 생태적 특성 상 민가와 농작지 주변에 활동하고 중소형동물로 올무와 창애에 피해를 입을 확률이 더 크다. 실제로 2012년 방사 이후 3개 체가 불법엽구로 인해 폐사 하였으며 7개체는 다리 절단 등의 이유로 회수된 상태이다. 야생동물에게 서식지는 먹이 활동, 교미, 출산, 양육 등 생활사를 유지하는데 필수적인 요소로 특히나 멸종위기종 복원에 있어 서식지 안정화는 1차적으로 고려되어야 하는 요소중의 하나이다. 따라서 본 연구는 멸종위기종 1급인 여우의 복원대상지인 소백산국립공원 지역의 불법엽구 수거 실적을 이용하여 공간분석을 통해 불법엽구 설치 유형을 도출하고 이에 따른 관리방안을 제시하고자 한다. 분석방법은 2016년부터 2018년까지 소백산국립공원인 접지역에서 수거한 불법엽구 설치 좌표 112개를 이용하여 설치지점의 고도, 경사, 농경지(논, 밭, 과수원)로 부터의 거리, 주거지로 부터의 거리, 도로와의 거리, 토지이용현황 등 총 6가지 환경인자를 이용하여 불법엽구 설치 유형을 도출 하였다. 분석결과 불법엽구가 설치된 지점의 평균고도는 348.4m로 나타났으며 경사는 평균 16.2°, 농경지로 부터의 거리는 평균 109m, 주거지로 부터의 거리는 192m, 도로와의 거리 114m로 나타났으며 불법엽구가 설치된 지점의 토지이용현황은 침엽수림이 44%로 가장 높았으며 과수원 31.25%, 혼효림 11%, 밭 5%, 교통시설 4.4% 등으로 분석되었다. 위 분석결과를 바탕으로 차후 위험지역 설정 및 설치 예상지역을 도출하여 불법엽구 근절을 위한 현수막과 홍보 활동을 통해 주민의식을 계도하고 환경청, 지차체, NGO, 지역주민 등 유관기관과 연계하여 대대적인 불법엽구 수거를 통해 밀렵에 의한 피해를 방지하여야 할 것이다.