This study investigated 180 students’ indoor environmental awareness of rest spaces and measured the indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO in 8 rest spaces from October 2019. 89.4% of the students responded that they use rest spaces at least once a day and most of the respondents are using rest spaces in the university. The largest number of students responded to the tight space as the main cause of air pollution in rest spaces. 62.1% of the students answered they experienced health symptoms from using rest spaces. Among them, 32.5% said they experienced irritation symptoms of eyes, neck, nose, and 12.1% answered that they experienced headaches. Indoor PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO levels did not exceed indoor air quality recommendations nor the maintenance standard for multi-use facilities. Indoor PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO levels did not exceed indoor air quality recommendations nor the maintenance standard for multi-use facilities. According to the type of rest space, concentrations of PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO were higher among the closed-type than open-type rest space. Even if the concentration of pollutants is less than the environmental standard, continuous exposure may cause negative health effects. In addition, considering that 62.1% of the respondents experienced health symptoms, it is deemed necessary to take measures to manage indoor environments in rest spaces and to develop measures to reduce pollutants.

In this study, we measured the concentration of Particulate Matter(PM10), Formaldehyde(HCHO), and Total Bacteria Count (TBC) at two facilities: day care centers, and postnatal care centers located in the cities of Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Jeolla and Gyeongsang from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. PM10 concentration was similar to the day care centers and postnatal care centers. HCHO concentration was the highest in the postnatal care centers. TBC concentration was the highest in the day care centers. Comparing the different cities, PM10 concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi, HCHO concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi, and TBC concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi. As a result of HCHO's risk assessment, it was found that adults exceeded the carcinogenicity tolerance of 10−6 specified by the US EPA. This study is expected to be helpful in preventing damage to health from the contaminated indoor air at sensitive facilities, and can be used as basic data for indoor air quality management.

In this study, we measured the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10), Formaldehyde (HCHO), and Total Bacteria Count (TBC) at three facilities: elderly care centers, day care centers, and postnatal care centers located in the cities of Seoul, Sejong, Daegu and Ulsan from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. PM10 concentration was the highest in the day care centers and HCHO concentration was the highest in the postnatal care centers. TBC concentration was the highest in the day care centers. Comparing the different cities, PM10 concentration was the highest in Sejong, HCHO concentration was the highest in Seoul, and TBC concentration was the highest in Daegu. This study is expected to be helpful in preventing damage to health from the contaminated indoor air at sensitive facilities, and can be used as basic data for indoor air quality management.

This study measured concentrations of formaldehyde, a pollutant in the indoor air in three departments, before and after the renovation of a medical facility used by the general public, and conducted a health survey on workers' subjective symptoms. The average concentration of formaldehyde was 25.8 ± 8.7 μg/m3 before the renovation and 47.3 ± 6.7 μg/m3 after the renovation. The concentration was increased; however, it did not exceed the maintenance standard set by the law. Measured concentration was high both before and after the renovation in the office, and the biggest difference was shown in the concentration change. For eight symptoms including dry throat, there were more workers who expressed the symptoms after the renovation than those who expressed them before the renovation. Factors that influenced subjective symptoms were the effects before and after the renovation. Even when formaldehyde does not exceed the maintenance standard set by the law, detailed and systematic management is required and adequate health effect evaluation or education is necessary, considering the characteristics of medical facilities.

In this study, the characteristic of the facilities and indoor environment for the senior citizens nursing facilities of Kyeonggki and Seoul-total 30 facilities;10 facilities in Seoul and 20 facilities in Kyeonggki from January to December in 2007. In the result of surveying indoor and outdoor pollution degree of 30 senior citizens nursing facilities, the average geometric concentration of indoor and outdoor TVOCs were 264.11 ㎍/㎥ and 162.63 ㎍/㎥, respectively. On the other hand, the average geometric concentration of indoor and outdoor HCHO were 22.76 ㎍/㎥ and 9.55 ㎍/㎥, respectively. The concentration ratio of indoor and outdoor air pollutants were 1.21, 1.23, 1.62 and 2.38 for benzene, toluene, TVOCs and HCHO, respectively. The concentrations of toluene, TVOCs and HCHO were 31.40 ㎍/㎥, 274.30 ㎍/㎥ and 24.17 ㎍/㎥ in the building constructed after 2000. On the other hand, The concentrations of toluene, TVOCs and HCHO were 27.99 ㎍/㎥, 248.54 ㎍/㎥ and 20.48 ㎍/㎥ in the building constructed before 2000. As the constructed year was not late, low concentration was indicated. In the facilities using carpet or not, the concentration of toluene, TVOCs and HCHO were 50.50 ㎍/㎥, 342.73 ㎍/㎥ and 32.94 ㎍/㎥, respectively, in the facilities using carpet. On the other hand, the concentration of toluene, TVOCs and HCHO were 29.35 ㎍/㎥, 261.41 ㎍/㎥ and 22.40 ㎍/㎥, respectively, in the facilities using no carpet. The concentrations were presented higher in the facilities where carpet exits.

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde of worker and user at public facilities in Korea. We measured the concentrations of formaldehyde and VOCs in indoor air at 160 public buildings that 5 kinds of public facilities (30 hotel, 30 fitness center, 25 gosiwon, 30 reading-room and 45 video-room) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (benzene and formaldehyde) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). Non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. Higher HQs of toluene were observed at the reading-room. The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were 1×10^-4~1×10^-6 level in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for reading-room were the highest and the fitness center and gosiwon were the next higher facilities. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded 1×10^-4 for facility worker in the most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in the facilities was necessary. IAQ guidelines should be determined strictly to prevent occurrence of disease caused by poor IAQ beforehand.

Recently, functional building materials have been developed and introduced to the market. Many building materials emit volatile organic compounds(VOCs) which have the potential to affect health and comfort, and moisture problem has a major role also being established in indoor air quality (1AQ) problems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of reduction of HCHO using the gupsum board and water vapour adsorption/desorption property for ceiling board for mock-up test room and test house. The mock-up test is conducted according environmental standard method for indoor air quality of the ministry of environment. The results of this study are as follows, the reduction of HCHO gypsum boards are showed an effect to reduce the formaldehyde(HCHO) concentration of mock-up test room and test house. The indoor humidity is also showed to be lower than the general ceiling materials, since there is increased in the absorbed indoor humidity by using a humidifier with moisture adsorption/desorption ceiling materials. In natural conditions, moisture adsorption/desorption ceiling materials is showed a higher humidity than general ceiling materials constructed in the mock-up test room. However It changes of moisture adsorption/desorption is not appeared in test house. Therefore, in case of decreasing and increasing in humidity, these materials can be offset by reduction of HCHO using the gypsum board.

To characterize testing bags for the interior parts and components of new vehicles, three types kinds of bags (Tedlar bag, Polyester Al bag, and PET bag) were selected and investigated.. All testing bags were initially purged with 5 L of pure nitrogen gas. Then, they were heated consecutively for four times in a chamber at 60 and 100℃ at hourlys intervals. Changes in background concentration levels of VOCs and HCHO were then measured. After the 4th heat treatment at 100℃, the background concentrations in PET bag were lower by 5 times than the ftrst time treatment. The results of PET bags were superior to the other bags under the same treatment conditions. Even without heat treatment test, the background concentrations of PET bag was also lower than the others by 2 to 6 times. Based on our results, it can be concluded that the PET bag is the most suitable for sample tests as it is physically the most stable along with the lowest background of all 3 sample bags with the least bias.

This study was performed to analysis the concentration of TVOC, 5VOC and formaldehyde for building material of total 262 using 20L test chamber. The concentration of TVOC, 5VOC and formaldehyde were measured 1.001㎎/㎡･h, 43.032㎍/㎡･h, 0.012㎎/㎡･h, respectively. TVOC concentration of paint and floor covering occupied the largest concentration of the indoor building materials as 2.689㎎/㎡･h, 2.120㎎/㎡･h, respectively. 5VOC concentration of floor covering was measured 106.636㎍/㎡･h. Toulene and xylene were occupied the largest part of the 5VOC as 51.2% and 33.1%, respectively. The concentration of formaldehyde for furniture materials occupied the largest concentration of the indoor building material as 0.072㎎/㎡h.

This study aims to present the fundamental strategies for improving the Indoor Air Quality ( IAQ ) in newly unoccupied apartment units. The results of this study can be summarized as follows, The field survey of 160 newly unoccupied units with airtight doors and windows showed that the concentrations of HCHO and TVOC were higher than the standards. The emission rates of HCHO and TVOC were proportional to the height. The small chamber test of pollutant concentration for building materials showed that pollutants were emitted dominantly from the wood furnishings and adhesives.

House dust mite of the indoor environment is one of the most important causes of allergic asthma and rhinitis. It has been known that more than 70% of Korean children and about 50% of adult with the respiratory allergy are sensitive to house dust mite. The purpose of our study is to find out the relationship between the concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO)/PM10 and the number of house dust mite in the indoor environment. In this study, sampling sites were education, social and dwelling facilities. We inquire the questionnaire of the resident on the indoor air quality in all sampling sites. At the same time, we measured the concentration of formaldeh yde(HCHO)/PM10 as well as house dust mites. it was complained by 20% respondents that the indoor air quality was bad and by 10% that the atopy symptom was evident. When a certain amount of house dust mites were detected, the contents of PM10 were observed high and that of HCHO low. However when the house dust mites were not detected, the concentration of PM10 was low and that of HCHO high. From our results, it is concluded that the indoor air quality (i.e. conc. of PM10/HCHO) is quite related to the contents of house dust mites supporting the fact that the symptom of atopy and asthma is due to these small organisms.

The concentrations of HCHO(formaldehyde), PM10(particulate matter), CO₂(carbon dioxide) and TBC(total bacteria counter) distribution in schools(Chung-Nam Area) were examined, and the results were compared with the recommended criterion of the administration law of indoor air. The subjects were an elementary school, a middle school and a high school in Chung-Nam area, and the concentration of TBC was examined by Single Stage Air Cascade Sampler, which applied the inertia collision catching method of 28.29L/min(flux) during 5 months from March, 2007 to July, 2007. The instrument(LD-3B, SIBATA Company)was used to examine PM10, by a light scattering method and a light transmission method. The instrument(Airboxx(KD Engineering) was used to examine CO₂. The instument(Z300XP(Environmental sensor)was used to examine HCHO. The result indicated that the PM10 average concentrations of the surveyed classrooms were 49 μg/m3 in Spring and 59 μg/m3 in Summer. The CO₂ average concentration of the surveyed schools were 576 ppm in the classroom and 527 ppm in the stateroom. The average concentration of TBC were 729 CFU/m3 in an elementary school, 401 CFU/m3 in a middle school, 381 CFU/m3 in a high school. The HCHO average concentration of the surveyed schools were 0.03 ppm in the classroom, 0.02 ppm in the stateroom.

Indoor air quality is the dominant contributor to total personal exposure because most people spend a majority of their time indoors. Especially when indoor environments have sources of contaminants, exposure to indoor air can potentially pose a greater threat than exposure to ambient air. In this study, estimations of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde emission rate in indoor environments of new apartments were carried out using mass balance model in indoor environment, because indoor air quality can be affected by source generation, outdoor air level, ventilation, decay by reaction, temperature, humidity, mixing condition and so on. Considering the estimated emission rate of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde, it is suggested that new apartment should be designed and constructed in the aspect of using construction materials to emit low hazardous air pollutants.