The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of Korean language ability on the effect of marriage immigrants’ safety education attitude on safety awareness. A survey was conducted on marriage immigrants living in the Daejeon and Chungcheong regions, and the responses of 109 people were used for the analysis. After controlling for gender, nationality, age, educational background, period of stay, region of residence, and presence or absence of safety accidents, the analysis was performed according to the step-by-step approach of Baron and Kenny(1986). In order to verify the statistical significance of the mediating effect of Korean proficiency, the Sobel test was conducted. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that marriage immigrants’ safety education attitude had a significant positive (+) effect on safety awareness, and Korean language ability had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between marriage immigrants’ safety education attitude and safety awareness.

본 연구는 트럼피즘이 미국 유권자의 이민자 인식에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지 분석한다. 반기득권주의, 반다원주의로 특징지어지는 포퓰리 즘이 전세계로 확산되며, 미국 내에도 토착주의와 반엘리트주의에 기반 한 우파포퓰리즘, 즉 트럼피즘이 등장하였다. 트럼프 대통령은 미국 내 유색인종과 소수민족, 이민자와 엘리트 계층과 백인·블루칼라·중산층을 적대적 관계로 구조화하며 자신의 지지 계층을 결집하였다. 이처럼 트 럼프 대통령은 트럼피즘을 활용하여 2016년 대통령 선거에 승리했을 뿐만 아니라 미국 유권자들의 대외정책적 선호에도 영향을 주었으며, 특히 이민자에 대한 폐쇄적 인식를 강화하였다. 이러한 추세는 트럼프 대통령이 퇴임하였음에도 불구하고 여전히 남아있고 공화당 역시 이를 활용하여 정치적 이익을 취하려는 바, 미국 내 정치적 양극화와 민주주 의 쇠퇴에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측된다.

이주민의 증가는 전 지구적인 현상이다. 한국도 예외는 아니다. 따라서 국내 체류 외국인 이주자들을 그리스도의 사랑으로 돌보고 그들에게 복음을 전할 뿐만 아니라, 그들을 세계선교의 동역자들로 세우는 것은 21세기 한국교회에 하나님께서 주신 선교 사명이다. 본 논문에서 연구자는 전 지구적 현상인 국제 및 국내 외국인 이주자 현황과 그들을 위한 한국교회의 선교현황을 차례로 서술 한 후, 국내 이주민 선교사 제도의 필요성과 그것을 실현하기 위한 몇 가지 제도적인 방안들을 제안한다. 먼저 국내 선교사 제도의 필요성에 대해서는 1) 다문화사회로의 진입과 이주민 종교들의 도전; 2) 역(逆)파송 선교전략 의 필요; 3) 비자발적 철수 선교사와 선교사 재배치 문제를 들고, 국내 선교사 제도의 실현을 위해서는 첫째, 속인주의에 근거한 타문화 선교사의 재정의가 선행되어야 한다는 것, 둘째 합리적이고 지속가능한 국내 이주민 선교사 제도가 만들어져야 한다는 것, 셋째 국내 체류 외국인 이주민 선교를 위한 파트너십과 네트워킹의 형성해야 한다는 것을 제안한다. 한국교회는 이주민들을 하나님의 선교(Missio Dei)적 관점에서 바라봐야 한다. 그들은 나약한 이주민들이 아니라 미래에 우리와 함께 하나님의 선교에 동참할 선교 동역자들이다.

Given the view of tests as mechanisms within a language policy framework (Shohamy, 2006), Korean proficiency tests are not only used as a way to measure language knowledge, but rather as tools to impose national ideologies about langage use and diversity. The field of Korean language testing needs to embrace sociopolitical dimensions, and engage what is going on value and consequence in test development and validation. By drawing upon a combined approach of Messick’s (1989) validity framework, Fairclough’s (2001) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Bachman and Palmer’s Assessment Use Arugment (AUA), this study aims to illustrate how the practice of testing can be discursively interpreted as a multilayered phenomenon, constituted through discourse. It discussed the applicability of AUA’s two claims (decisions, consequences) to the validation of Korean language proficiency or related certification testing for immigrants with foci of value implications and consequences. The interconnectedness of test validation and CDA is modelled through the procedure of Faircough’s (2001) analytic methodology. In an effort to illustrate that language testing is discursively value-laded, this study not only offer a theoretical and methodological addition to the current inquiry of test validation, but also re-emphasize that language testing is sociopolitically driven from a discursive angle.

200만 외국인 거주 시대를 맞아 그동안 외국인과 함께 하기 위한 다양한 논문과 저서들이 나왔다. 그 가운데 동포인 고려인들에 대한 연구는 주로 몇 개의 문화적 심리적 연구논문이 나왔다. 그러나 고려인 교회 성장에 관한 논문은 전무하였다. 고려인은 19세기 후반부터 연해주로의 이주, 1937년 스탈린에 의한 중앙아시아로의 강제이주, 1991년 소련 해체 후 CIS국들의 정 치·경제적 혼란과 민족주의 대두, 차별대우 등을 피하여 러시아와 한국으로 세 번째 이주를 했다. 본 논문은 이들의 역사적 배경과 문화, 종교적 배경과 국내이주의 삶을 살펴보았으며, 그를 바탕으로 천안외국 인교회 내에 함께 하는 천안러시아교회의 부흥에 대하여 리서치 했다. 천안시의 고려인 인구는 약 600명 정도이며, 이게라심 목사가 부임한 2015년 10월부터 1년 남짓 기간 동안 출석교인 30명가량에서 120여명 으로 성장하였고, 계속 성장 중이다. 이를 리서치하기 위해 이게라심 목사와의 심층면담을 실시하였으며, 그들의 집회와 성경공부, 기도회, 행사들에 참여 관찰하였다. 그리고 이를 분석하여 천안러시아교회 부흥성장 비결을 정리하고, 국내이주 고려인교회의 부흥성장방안을 제시하였다. 연구 방법은 역사문화이해를 위한 문헌연구법과 교회성장 분석을 위한 인터뷰와 참여관찰법을 복합적으로 사용하였다. 본 연구는 국내이주 러시아교회의 부흥성장 방안연구이자, 이주민 교회부흥성장 의 한 모델이 될 수 있다고 본다.

미국 뉴욕 지역에 거주하고 있는 중남미 출신 한인 재이민자 102명을 대상으 로 실시한 풍부한 심층인터뷰 자료를 바탕으로, 재미한인들의 타민족 대상 종교 활동에 관해서 고찰하고 있다. 다문화적 배경을 가진 중남미 출신 한인 재이민 자들이 특히 남미계 대상 종교활동에 있어서 기여하는 바가 커지고 있다. 연구 조사결과에 따르면 뉴욕 지역에서의 한인과 남미계 이민자들의 종교교류가 네 가지 유형으로 이루어지고 있었다. 남미계 이민자들이 한인교회에서 공간을 대 여하여 예배를 독립적으로 드리기도 하고, 한인 목사가 남미계 이민자들 대상으 로 한국어-스페인어 이중언어 설교를 하거나 혹은 스페인어 설교를 하기도 하 였으며, 남미계 이민자들이 한인 교회의 영어-한국어 이중언어 예배나 혹은 영 어 예배에 참석하기도 했다. 또한, 재미한인 일반 신도들이 거리에서 남미계 이 민자들을 대상으로 전도활동을 펼치기도 하였다. 본 연구에서는 뉴욕의 특수한 다문화적 환경하에서 재이민자들이 이전 중남미에서의 타민족 대상 종교활동 뿐만 아니라 중남미 문화와 언어에 대한 지식과 친숙함을 활용하여 종교적으로 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 밝히고 있다.

The Korea Immigration & Integration Program (KIIP) by the Ministry of Justice offers social integration education in order to educate immigrants about Korean language and culture. This paper presents a case study on the development of Korean language textbooks for KIIP. Korean Language and Culture for Immigrants (Intermediate Levels 1 and 2) is used as a teaching material at 308 social integration education institutions. This paper introduced its development procedure and method, its development directions, the organization of its syllabus, and the content of its units. Its development process involved analyzing purposes of social integration education and of needs of incumbent teachers to develop a teaching material to meet the goals of social integration. Efforts were made to closely connect the content of Korean study to that of culture study with a focus on making culture study lead to an overall understanding of South Korean society and to serve fully as a preparation process to acquire Korean nationality. This paper will hold its value as a guideline to be consulted for the development of Korean language textbooks for immigrants and help teachers make efficient use of textbooks according to the objectives of education in a social integration program.

This study aims to analyze the aspect of coherence realization of narrative discourse of female marriage immigrants. Considering that discourse structure and cohesive devices are engaged in the coherence of discourse, this study attempts to examine the aspect of structure development of narrative discourse and the utilization of reference and conjunction. The participants in the study are intermediate and advanced-level female marriage immigrants. The analysis results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) the female marriage immigrants selectively contained [abstract] and [evaluation] while essentially containing [setting], [complicating action], [resolution] when comprising narratives; the coherence of discourse was found to be disrupted due to insertion of extraneous contents, lack of information, excess of information, or delaying of the introduction utterances; (2) the use of cohesive devices was concentrated in a particular expression. Suggestions based on the findings of the study are provided.

Prior research considers culture to be a prime determinant of consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. However, little is known about how different cultural environments shape consumption behavior of consumers from the same heritage culture. The present research addresses this knowledge gap by examining cultural orientation and relevant consumer outcomes of immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel and Germany—desire for unique products and fashion consciousness. The results reveal differences in the cultural orientations of those immigrants in Israel and Germany as well as different relational patterns between cultural orientation and the proposed consumer outcomes. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Park, Eun-Ha. 2015. “Social Discrimination Factors in Korean Coursebooks: Focused on Korean Coursebooks for Female Marriage Immigrants, Immigrant Workers, and North Korean Refugees”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(1). 55~83. This study investigates and analyzes social discrimination factors occurring in Korean coursebooks that disfavor immigrant workers, female marriage immigrants, and North Korean refugees as minorities in Korea. Therefore we examine what kind of social discrimination factors high placed and how these are presented in both verbal and nonverbal expressions. With regard to verbal forms, we examine discriminatory expressions in sentences and conversations including vocabularies commonly used in Korean coursebooks. The result prove that of all other forms of social discrimination found in Korean coursebooks, instances of gender role stereotypes occur most frequently. The second most frequently verbal discriminatory expression found referred to gender personality and behavior, while the third most frequently used discriminatory expression referred to physical appearance and body image. Also revealed in the study was a high recurrence of referencing gender role stereotypes in Korean coursebooks for female marriage immigrants as found through comparing two particular coursebooks. Concerning nonverbal forms, we examine discriminatory expressions in main characters and illustrations. In three types of Korean coursebooks, we observe a high recurrence of gender-biases when discussing job positions. For examples, one coursebook referred to restaurant work as suited for women, while describing the position of doctor as male job. Korean coursebooks for immigrants further reveal discrimination in their descriptions of socioeconomic status as determining so-called higher citizenship status. In illustrations, gender-biases of job and gender role stereotypes were presented more frequently in three kinds of Korean coursebooks than in the other kinds.

The purpose of this study is to suggest ways to utilize increasing immigrants to Jeju as a growth engine for local development at a time when a low birth rate and becoming an aging society are emerging as serious social problems. For this purpose, we reviewed the current conditions of people' s moving in and out of Jeju Island and analyzed immigrants opinions on settling in Jeju. Based on these reviews and analysis, we suggest ideas of short-term and long-term projects to enhance the satisfactory levels of settlers. Policy of attracting migration to Jeju is very important and also in line with establishing a free international city which Jeju Special Self-governing Province has aimed for. In order to maintain the influx of the population continuously, it is needed to have concrete and lasting pIans which reflect various types, timing and length of migration.

The article focuses on mission strategy and direction toward France immigrant as Marseille region. The France completed culture revival through transforming time of culture, religion, economic, and political. After cultural revival, the France experienced period of reason, French Revolution and Napoleon Empire, and hardship of republic. And then enormous France controlled colony to North Africa through World War. They moved from Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco peoples to France for their quality of life. The Algeria moved to build up their culture in South France. As result, they got conflict between the government of France and peoples. The immigrant inpour process and what do cause of against-immigrant policy evaluated to need of missional perspective. And conflict of immigrant in France should be understand conflict of between religion and language problem, trends of conservative swing in France. The mission method of solution channels strategy of re-evangelism of Europe. The conflict solution and mission method of immigrant in France encourages their ethnicity and identity formation, and recognized each difference for contact point of gospel, and then reject individual and will accept life of immigrant culture. The mission method applies gospel proclaim for France’s immigrant through understanding of mutual culture. This based on re-evangelization toward Europe. Therefore, the mission of church filled their needs what do desire and hometown culture for trouble and conflict of immigrant.

Over 1.4 million foreigners live in South Korea now. The number of marriage-related immigrants is 125,673 and that of children of multicultural family is 107,689. These facts are brand new ones during the last five thousand year history of Korea. Such a change challenges Korean people and Christians to rethink respectively about their identity. This article aims at describing the current situation of immigrants, especially marriage-related immigrant women and multicultural family, identifying tasks for immigrant mission in Busan, Ulsan and Kyungsangnam-do and searching for the immigrant theology. Methodologies used in the article are: literature study, interview with specialists in immigrant mission, social biography of marriage-related immigrant women, missiology of encounter with other and Post-colonial Feminism. In Busan, the researcher chose four church/mission center/Christian NGOs participating in the immigrant mission in 2009. And he chose five mission centers/Christian NGOs participating in the immigrant mission in 2010. He interviewed with 31 members of multicultural families and with 9 specialists in the immigrant mission. Ninety-nine marriage-related immigrant women responded to the survey prepared by the researcher. The results of the social biography of multicultural family and the surveys of marriage-related immigrant women are: first of all, recovery of ‘normality’ of the multicultural family, for the family has been represented by the mass media as ‘abnormal’ one with family violence: secondly, Christian faith contributes for them to accommodate to Korean culture and to overcome conflicts between husband and wife of multicultural family: thirdly, the international marriage initiated by commercial agencies is blamed as money- exchange-marriage but the reality of such a family life is similar to that of a marriage arranged by a go-between: lastly, marriage-related immigrant women are faster learners of Korean language and culture than migrant workers. Tasks for immigrant mission are: to strengthen the multicultural family by overcoming cultural conflicts, to support for their children education, to establish multicultural faith community, to encourage marriage-related immigrant women to get a job, to suggest education programs for Korean Christians and Korean citizens, and to prevent from religious conflicts through peace education among religious groups.

Human resource theories of becoming entrepreneurs or self-employed rather than finding employment are compared as applied to fit the occupational data of technological entrepreneurs and technology jobs. The human capital theory posits that technological e

기업가선택을 높이는 요인들 중 인적자본가설은 다양한 지식축적을 통해 기업가가 되고 이는 소득을 높인다고 주장하는 반면 기호가설은 다양한 활동에 대한 기호 때문에 기업가가 되지만 예상소득이 피고용 상태보다 저조할 것으로 본다. 기술기업의 경우 전문성에 대한 이득이 커서 이러한 효과들은 약화될 수 있다. 이민의 경우 고용차별압력에 의한 자영선택가능성도 증가할 수 있다. 의료를 제외한 과학기술직의 자영업을 기술기업가로 보고 이의 소득방정식을 미국 인구센서스 데이터에 대해 추정하여 기업가 이론중 인적자본 가설과 기호가설, 차별요소, 선택편이를 비교추정 하였다. 특히 미국 기술기업 내 비중이 커지고 있는 아시아인을 백인집단과 비교하여 소득을 분해 비교하였다. 기업가선택에 대한 인적자본가설이나 자기선택에 의한 경쟁적 가설보다는 떠돌이 가설의 가능성이 크게 보인다.

In science and engineering programs in the U.S. in 2000 China, South Korea and India were top countries of origin sending students. More than half of the students intend to stay in the U.S. Immigration, education and occupational choices all have human ca